Fenton对渗滤液中DOM及其组分的去除特性研究

考察了Fenton反应对渗滤液中DOM的处理效果,分析了Fenton反应前后DOM各组成成分及其表观分子量的变化.研究表明,Fenton对DOM的去除效果较好,其COD和DOC的去除率均在50%以上,UV_(254)的去除率达到84.5%.处理前,HA和FA为DOM主要组成部分,其COD、DOC及UV_(254)总和质量分数分别为DOM总量的77.5%、76.2%和86.70/0,处理后渗滤液中DOM以FA和Hyl为主,两者的COD、DOC及UV_(254)总和质量分数分别为DOM总量的97.6%、95.2%和95.1%.Fenton反应前,HA中以>4k的有机物为主,FA和Hyl则以<4k的有机物为主,反应后,3组分中均以<4k的有机物为主要组成部分,并且,Fenton对渗滤液中DOM3组分各指标的去除能力总体呈现HA>FA>Hyl的趋势.     

臭氧降解垃圾渗滤液中难降解的腐殖质

腐殖质是垃圾渗滤液中的主要污染物,而O_3氧化是一种有效的处理方法。对垃圾渗滤液中腐殖质进行提取与分离,结果表明腐殖质是垃圾渗滤液中主要的有机污染物,约占COD总量的70%。O_3能快速降解腐殖酸(HA)和富里酸(FA),去除率分别达到了58%和70%,但是溶液的TOC去除率较低。设计实验测定了O_3分子与HA和FA的表观速率常数,结果表明FA比HA更容易降解,并计算出了O_3分子氧化和·OH自由基氧化对腐殖质降解的贡献。     

GC-MS法对垃圾渗滤液回灌处理前后有机成分的研究

利用模拟垃圾填埋装置进行渗滤液回灌处理的研究,取回灌处理后期的渗滤液与未经回灌处理渗滤液进行水质监测,并运用GC-MS联用技术对两种水样的有机成分进行对比分析。结果表明,羧酸类物质在检出物中所占比例较大,回灌处理对渗滤液中羧酸类物质的去除率达到61.26%,接近于CODC r的去除率59.65%。对一些毒害性物质也有一定的去除,哌啶类物质去除率为79.52%,呋喃的去除率为100%。     

聚硅酸硫酸铁处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

土地填埋是我国城市生活垃圾处置的主要方式,填埋场渗滤液的处理是垃圾填埋的关键问题。本文用硫铁矿烧渣和硫酸铝渣制得的聚硅酸硫酸铁(PFSS)处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液生化处理尾水。实验结果表明：将渗滤液pH值调至6左右．用铁硅比为1．5的PFSS处理渗滤液生化处理尾水,用量为5．0～7．0mL／L时,去浊率可达90％,CODcr去除率达65％以上．PFSS的处理效果与PFSS中Fe2O3与SiO2含量有关。     

高速厌氧反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

垃圾填埋过程中会产生一种二次污染物垃圾渗滤液。它是一种高浓度且成分复杂的难降解有机废水。本实验采用混凝 高速厌氧反应器 (UASB)处理城市垃圾渗滤液 ,其COD浓度为 2 70 0—330 0mg/L ,SS质量浓度为 330— 370mg/L ,渗滤液取自昆明市西郊垃圾处理场。实验结果表明 ,经该工艺处理后的渗滤液COD去除率达到 80 %以上 ,SS去除率达到 70 %以上 ,处理效果良好。     

基于厌氧氨氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的研究综述

由于中老龄垃圾渗滤液的氨氮含量高、碳氮比低且难降解等特点,高效且低耗的处理渗滤液是十分困难的。近年来,厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮技术的出现为处理此类废水开辟了一条新道路。本文着重综述了几种基于厌氧氨氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的新型方法,主要包括短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化(SHARN-ANAMMOX)工艺、一体化部分亚硝化和厌氧氨氧化(CANON)工艺、限氧自养硝化-厌氧反硝化(OLAND)工艺、部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化(PN-ANAMMOX)耦合工艺、短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺。     

热带地区3类不同来源水溶性有机质的光谱特征

应用紫外-可见光光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、三维荧光光谱技术对热带地区土壤、堆肥、植物残体3类典型来源水溶性有机质(DOM)的组分进行光谱特性研究,探讨其芳香性、官能团种类、腐殖质成分,初步分析了秸秆粉碎还田和堆肥还田DOM对土壤环境的潜在风险。结果表明:对于紫外-可见光光谱的特征指标SUVA254、SUVA280、A260/TOC,堆肥DOM(木薯杆堆肥DOM甘蔗叶堆肥DOM)土壤DOM(水稻田土壤DOM香蕉地土壤DOM)植物残体DOM(水稻根系DOM水稻秸秆DOM),说明堆肥DOM的芳香性最高、分子量最大、疏水性最强。红外光谱特征表明,植物残体DOM具有脂肪烷烃物质、蛋白质物质,含较多的-OH、-CH2、-CH、N-H、C-O基团;堆肥DOM富含酚羟类物质,具有较多C=O、C=C、N-O、C-O、-NH2等活性官能团;土壤DOM红外光谱复杂,主要含较多脂肪族腈、NH4+和一定量-OH、-COOH、C-O。三维荧光光谱分析表明,植物残体DOM富含类黄腐酸物质,并含类蛋白物质;土壤DOM、堆肥DOM均含类腐植酸物质,其中木薯杆堆肥DOM的腐植酸芳香性最高。堆肥DOM有利于污染物在土壤中的固定;植物残体DOM可增加污染物的迁移性,对地下水、地表径流具有潜在环境风险。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工艺研究

针对老龄垃圾填埋场渗滤液成分复杂、可生化性差、处理难度较大的特点,采用电化学预处理+渗滤液循环+化学氧化处理组合工艺对此类渗滤液废水进行处理。首先采用电絮凝方法对渗滤液进行预处理,使渗滤液有机负荷大大降低,可生化性提高;然后采用渗滤液循环方式进一步处理,COD降低到280 mg/L;最后,经过化学氧化处理COD降低到100 mg/L以下,达到《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)的要求。     

垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液厌氧处理产沼发电研究

采用UBF厌氧+外置式MBR+NF/RO组合工艺处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液,出水可达到生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准(GB 16889-2008)表2排放标准。UBF厌氧所产生的沼气经过脱硫、过滤、除湿等预处理后,可进入沼气发电机组进行发电,渗滤液沼气发电所产生的经济效益为15.06元/m3,有效地降低了渗滤液处理成本。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工艺实例分析

介绍了垃圾渗滤液的特点及常用处理技术,对简阳垃圾填埋场的氨吹脱+生物处理(A+O)+混凝沉淀+砂滤+超滤+纳滤组合工艺、龙泉垃圾填埋场的AOAO+超滤+反渗透组合工艺以及广安垃圾填埋场的中温厌氧+膜生物反应器+纳滤组合工艺作了详细的介绍,3个垃圾填埋场的渗滤液处理之后均能达生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准(GB 16889-2008),并对3个组合工艺进行了技术及经济性的比较;最后对垃圾渗滤液处理的趋势进行展望.     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

热盐酸缓蚀抑雾剂

在实验室合成的一种咪唑啉类化合物与其它物质复配得到了一种适合于碳钢在高温盐酸中酸洗浸蚀的复合缓蚀抑雾剂。采用失重法和中和滴定法对其性能进行评定 ,实验结果表明 :该缓蚀抑雾剂在 2 0 %盐酸中 ,酸洗温度在常温至 85℃范围内缓蚀率达 90 %左右 ,抑雾率达 85%左右 ,并具有较好的综合性能