Morphological features of intestinal endocrine cells in experimentalEscherichia coli infection

Laboratory of Infectious Pathology, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. K. Permyakov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 6, pp. 668–672, June, 1991.     

Preparation of paraffin sections for immunofluorescence analysis of antigens differing in their chemical nature

A technique is suggested for preparing paraffin sections from tissues fixed with acetone which can be used for the immunohistochemical detection of antigens which differ in their chemical nature, including -fetoprotein, antigens of mouse leukemia viruses, alcohol-soluble antigens of hepatocyte membranes, and certain phospholipids.Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Diagnosis of Tumors, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, N. N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. V. Vygodchikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 1018–1020, August, 1976.     

Inhibitory action of neuraminidase ofVibrio cholerae in Rauscher mouse leukemia

The inhibitory action of the neuraminidase ofVibrio cholerae in Rauscher mouse leukemia was studied. After treatment of the spleen cells of leukemic mice with neuraminidase in doses of 50 units/ml or more, the ability of these cells to induce leukemia when injected into BALB/c mice was inhibited significantly. Neraminidase in the above concentration, if given by repeated parenteral injection, had no therapeutic action in Rauscher leukemia.D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Scientific-Research Laboratory of Experimental Immunobiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1357–1359, November, 1976.     

Investigation of the effect of certain chlorinated hydrocarbons on the composition of the hepatocyte population of the rat liver

Hepatocytes in the liver of albino rats poisoned by inhalation of dichloropropane and trichloropropane were investigated cytophotometrically and karyometrically. With respect to the effect on polyploidization of the hepatocyte nuclei trichloropropane was found to be more toxic than dichloropropane. The development of polyploidization is determined by the dose of the toxic agent and the exposure to it: The smaller the dose the shorter the time required for the effect to take place.Laboratory of Morphology, A. N. Sysin Institute of General and Communal Hygiene, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Cytology, N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 345–348, March, 1977.     

Serum antibodies against heart valve fibroblasts in patients with rheumatic fever

Antibodies reacting in immunofluorescence tests with human and bovine heart valve fibroblasts were isolated from the serum of patients with rheumatic fever by means of an immunosorbent prepared from human heart valve tissues. The antibodies did not react with fibroblasts of the interstitial connective tissue of the myocardium. Fibroblasts of the myocardium and valves are evidently antigenically different, whereas fibroblasts of human and bovine heart valves have common antigens.Laboratory of Streptococcal Infections, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Rheumatism, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 315–317 March, 1977.     

Some kinetic features of membrane-bound monoamine oxidase

Initial reaction-velocity versus substrate-concentration curves for serotonin oxidation catalyzed by monoamine oxidase (MAO) from fragments of rat liver or bovine brain mitochondrial membranes have a complex, nonhyperbolic shape; this is regarded as a kinetic manifestation of substrate cooperativeness for membrane-bound MAO. The possibility of interaction between different types of MAO based on conformational changes in the membrane itself is discussed.Scientific-Research Institute for Biological Trials of Chemical Compounds, Ministry of the Medical Industry of the USSR. Institute of Biological Medical Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. All-Union Vitamin Scientific-Research Institute, Ministry of the Medical Industry of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Orekhovich.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 288–289, March, 1977.     

Dynamics of transcription activity of cerebellar Purkinje cell chromatin after systemic circulatory arrest

Institute of General Resuscitation, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. V. A. Negovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 232–235, March, 1991.     

Effect of various factors on the formation of immunological memory

Experiments on mice in which sheep's red cells were used as antigen showed that the height of the secondary immune response of spleen cells in situ or in adoptive transfer is inversely proportional to the dose of red cells used for primary immunization. Cyclophosphamide, injected into the animals simultaneously with the antigen, stimulates the immune response of the mice to the second injection of red cells, but this effect is observed only when comparatively large doses of antigen are used for priming. The mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed.Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 336–339, September, 1977.     

Mycoplasma hominis as an agent of diseases of the respiratory tract

The respiratory organs of newborn rats infected intranasally with a broth culture ofMycoplasma hominis were studied by histological, histochemical, and immunofluorescence methods. Tracheitis and, suppurative and interstitial pneumonia with a hemorrhagic component were observed 24 h after infection and lasted until the 7th day of the experiment. During the same period, specific fluorescence ofM. hominis antigen was detected by the immunofluorescence method. The morphological picture found demonstrates the pathogenicity ofM. hominis for the respiratory tract of newborn rats.Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 372–375, September, 1977.     

Effect of dimethylsulfoxide on transformation ofBacillus subtilis in vitro

Transformation ofBacillus subtilis was carried out in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and polyethylene glycol. The frequency of transformation ofB. subtilis was increased by 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide but was not appreciably changed by polyethylene glycol. It is suggested that the increase in frequency of transformation was due to the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on permeability of the cell membrane or to changes in membrane deoxyribonuclease activity.Research Laboratory of Experimental Immunobiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 556–557, November, 1978.     

Homocytotropic IgG1 and IgE antibodies and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice of various strains

Experiments on mice of nine strains with different H-2 genotypes showed that a predisposition to anaphylaxis at the stage of formation of IgG₁ and IgE antibodies and sensitivity of the skin to passive anaphylaxis and to histamine are independent characters, interaction between which and with other factors form the overall predisposition to immediate allergy.Allergologic Research Laboratory, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 318–320, March, 1977.     

Mechanism of action of aspirin on platelet function

Inhibition of platelet aggregation and of the reaction of liberation of platelet factor 3 under the influence of aspirin was shown to be due to the action of the drug not only on the platelets, but also on plasma cofactors: In experimentsin vitro the blood plasma of rats receiving aspirin reduced the aggregating power of the platelets of intact animals; blood plasma of intact rats increased the aggregating power and accessibility of factor 3 of the platelets of animals receiving aspirin.Department of Radiation Pathological Physiology, Scientific-Research Institute of Medical Radiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Obninsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 434–435, April, 1977.     

Hematopoietic stem cells in the intact and regenerating adult mouse liver

It was shown by the splenic colonies method that hematopoietic stem cells are present in the intact liver of adult CBA mice. Their number increases during regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy.N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 209–210, February, 1977.     

Monoclonal antibodies to small-cell carcinoma of the human lung

Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, All-Union Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Cellular Immunology Group, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, All-Union Cardiologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Smirnov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 9, pp. 282–285, September, 1991.     

Elevation of calcium-dependent phospholipase C activity in the myocardium during adaptation to short-term stress

Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Research Institute of Experimental Cardiology, All-Union Cardiologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. N. Kryzhanovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 2, pp. 130–132, February, 1992.     

Simplified modification of the macrophage migration inhibition method in mice

Simplified modification of the macrophage migration inhibition method is suggested. The simplification is achieved by omitting the capillary centrifugation stage.Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Diagnosis of Tumors, Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Immunologic Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Trapeznikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 8, pp. 236–238, August, 1979.     

Mechanism of disturbances of energy formation in acute ischemia of the liver

Respiration of rat liver mitochondria after the addition of ischemic toxin to the incubation medium was compared with respiration of mitochondria isolated from ischemic rat liver. The changes in respiration in both cases could be prevented by preliminary addition of dithiothreitol and reduced by subsequent addition of cytochrome c or dithiothreitol to the incubation medium. The similarity between the mechanisms of disturbance of energy formation is postulated.Laboratory of Transplantation of Organs and Tissues, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Kovanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 301–303, September, 1977.     

Detection of reserpine-like substances in the myocardium of animls and man

Substances similar in some of their physicochemical properties to reserpine were found in the myocardium of animals and man. The tissues of the myocardium were shown to synthesize these substances from formate and tryptophan.Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, All-Union Cardiological Science Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Instite, of Cosmic Research, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR E. I. Chazov). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi, Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 35–38, July, 1977.     

Electron-cytochemical and morphometric investigation of enzyme activity in thyrocyte mitochondria during carcinogenesis

Activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of thyroid gland cells of rats was studied by electron-histochemical and morphometric methods during experimental carcinogenesis. The activity of these enzymes in the mitochondria was shown to vary depending on the stage of malignant transformation: In the early stages it was close to normal, but later (precancer) it fell sharply and approached the level observed in the mitochondria of cancer cells. A marked decrease in the activity of the enzymes studied in the morphologically altered mitochondria of cancer cells may be a qualitative characteristic of these cells.Electron Microscopy Room, N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Poliomyelitis and Virus Encephalitis, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 452–455, April, 1977.     

Production of antitumor cytostatic factors by inactivated resident peritoneal macrophages of syrian hamsters

Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, All-Union Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Trapeznikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No, 6, pp. 647–649, June, 1991.