钎缝厚度对陶瓷连接接头强度的影响

采用不同厚度的Ag-Cu-Ti钎料连接Si3N4陶瓷材料,研究了钎缝厚度对连接强度的影响规律,利用扫描电镜观察了接头微观结构.试验发现,在一定钎缝厚度范围内,随着钎缝厚度的增加,接头强度随之提高.研究表明:钎缝厚度影响连接强度的主要原因在于对残余应力的缓解,但钎缝厚度过厚时,对应力的缓解作用变化不大,而钎缝的拘束作用减弱,接头强度有下降的趋势;在相同连接规范下,钎缝厚度与反应层厚度之间也存在一定的关系.     

Ag颗粒增强复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变断裂及强化机理研究

测定了不同应力和温度下Ag颗粒增强复合钎料及基体钎料63Sn37Pb钎焊接头蠕变寿命,分析了Ag颗粒增强复合钎料及基体钎料钎焊接头蠕变断裂机理.表明:Ag颗粒增强复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变寿命优于基体钎料;Ag颗粒表面Ag-Sn金属间化合物形成及Ag颗粒对富Pb层阻碍作用是复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变性能提高的主要因素;钎焊接头Cu基板上一薄层富Pb相区形成是蠕变裂纹主要原因.     

GH3044镍基合金钎焊接头的界面组织和强度分析

采用Ni基箔片钎料对GH3044镍基合金进行钎焊连接,利用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)及能谱分析仪,对接头的界面组织进行观察和分析;采用电子万能试验机对GH3044镍基合金的钎焊接头进行抗剪试验,评价接头的室温抗剪强度.试验结果表明:当钎焊温度为1070℃,保温时间为10min时,界面处有(Cr,W)2+Ni固溶体析出,钎缝中有(Cu,Ni)固溶体组织+Ni-Mn金属间化合物层及η″+ξ′金属间化合物层生成,此钎焊工艺参数下获得的钎焊接头具有最高的室温抗剪强度319MPa.     

Al2O3陶瓷/AgCuTi/可伐合金钎焊接头力学性能

为实现Al2O3陶瓷与可伐合金的可靠连接,分析影响接头力学性能的因素,测试了Al2O3陶瓷/AgCuTi/可伐合金钎焊接头的抗剪强度,通过光学显微镜、SEM及EDS对断口形貌、成分进行分析,确定了断裂路径.研究表明,钎焊温度为900 ℃,保温时间为5 min时,接头抗剪强度最高,达144 MPa.此时,断裂大部分发生在Al2O3陶瓷/钎料界面处,小部分发生在界面中的TiFe2、TiNi3金属间化合物层.钎焊温度升高,保温时间延长时,界面上出现大量的TiFe2、TiNi3金属间化合物,界面性能弱化,断裂发生在TiFe2、TiNi3金属间化合物层,造成Al2O3陶瓷/AgCuTi/可伐合金接头连接强度降低.     

钎缝间隙对316L不锈钢真空钎焊接头组织的影响

采用镍基钎料BNi2+40%BNi5对316L不锈钢进行真空钎焊。主要通过光学显微镜、电子探针显微分析仪、硬度计等研究了3种钎缝间隙下钎焊接头的显微组织、钎缝成分分布以及钎缝显微硬度。结果表明316L不锈钢的钎焊接头主要由固溶体、共晶组织及网状化合物组成,硼、硅是导致化合物相产生的主要合金元素;随着钎缝间隙的减小,钎焊接头中金属间化合物相的含量逐渐减小,当钎缝间隙为30μm时,接头组织基本为固溶体。     

采用Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料钎焊SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料的接头组织与性能

针对SiCf/β21S钛基复合材料,采用Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料,进行了钎焊实验和接头力学性能测试.实验结果表明:960℃/10min规范下的钎缝组织形貌单一,钎焊接头剪切强度平均值为97.9MPa;960℃/10min/5MPa规范下的钎缝主要由层片状组织组成,接头剪切强度平均值达到303.7MPa,较前者提高了3倍左右,该接头经过900℃/2h热处理后组织变化不大.钎缝中的缺陷以及Ti和Zr与Cu和Ni两种合金元素形成的脆性化合物相在接头中含量的多少决定着接头的力学性能.     

铝合金／铜／不锈钢接触反应钎焊接头微观组织分析

采用接触反应钎焊对6063铝合金／镀铜层／1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行焊接,借助扫描电子显微镜和电子探针对接头的微观组织及Fe—Al国金属间化合物生长情况进行测试和分析。结果表明：钎缝中靠近不锈钢一侧为Fe—Al金属间化合物层,靠近铝合金一侧主要是Cu（Al）固溶体,中心区域由Cu-Al化合物和Cu（Al）固溶体混俞而成;随着保温时间的延长,化合物层厚度随之增加,Cu在铝合金一侧富集出现晶界渗透现象;钎缝中首先产生Cu—Al金属间化合物,之后共晶液相中的Al原于穿越Cu—Al金属间化合物层和残余镀铜层扩散至不锈钢侧,与Fe原子生成少量Fe—Al金属间化合物。     

Al-Si-Cu-Zn钎料钎焊3003铝合金的接头组织及力学性能

采用自制的Al-Si-Cu-Zn钎料对3003铝合金进行钎焊实验,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱仪对接头微观组织和断口进行分析,并研究了钎焊温度对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在540~580℃保温10min工艺下钎焊3003铝合金,均可获得良好的钎焊效果。钎焊接头均由钎缝中心区的α(Al)固溶体、θ(Al2Cu)金属间化合物、细小Si相和AlCuFeMn+Si相,两侧扩散区的α(Al)固溶体与元素扩散层以及母材组成;钎焊接头室温剪切断裂于扩散区齿状α(Al)/钎缝中心区的交界面,断口主要呈脆性解理断裂特征。随着钎焊温度的升高,扩散区的α(Al)固溶体晶粒长大,接头结合界面犬牙交错;当钎焊温度为560℃,保温10min时,接头的室温抗剪强度达到最大值92.3MPa,约为母材强度的62.7%。     

Ti3Al基合金与Ti-6Al-4V合金TLP连接接头的组织转变

采用TiZrNiCu合金作为中间层材料研究了Ti3Al基合金与Ti-6Al-4V合金的瞬间液相(TLP)扩散连接接头成分、组织转变及显微硬度.研究结果表明,连接温度和连接时间对接头成分和组织有较大的影响.随着连接温度的提高和连接时间的延长,接头中元素分布趋于均匀,连接区宽度增大.连接温度为850℃和900℃时,液相的残留使得接头中存在Ti-Cu金属间化合物.当连接温度为950℃,连接时间为30min时,等温凝固的完成使Ti-Cu金属间化合物从接头中消失.随着连接温度的提高和连接时间的延长,接头连接区硬度降低.当连接温度为950℃,连接时间为30min时,接头硬度分布较均匀.     

BNi82CrSiB钎料真空钎焊FeCrAl合金接头界面组织

采用BNi82CrSiB带状钎料在1070℃/10min工艺条件下对FeCrAl合金箔带制成的多孔圆形器件进行了真空钎焊实验,并对钎焊接头界面组织和相组成进行了分析。实验结果表明:多孔圆形器件焊后表面无宏观缺陷,钎焊接头致密完整,试样中99%(总共约有8000个)的钎焊接头实现连接。钎缝组织由-γNi基固溶体、金属间化合物和共晶组织构成。钎缝中物相有-γNi,FeNi3,AlNi3,CrB,Ni17Si3。钎焊接头中含有较多的硼化物相。     

中间层Ni对TC4/2A14异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

目的 添加0.05 mm厚的Ni箔作为中间层,对3 mm厚的TC4钛合金和2A14铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊,分析Ni对接头力学性能的影响。方法 采用扫描电镜、EDS能谱及XRD衍射等微观表征分析方法,对焊接接头的断口形貌、成分进行分析,探究Ni箔对焊接接头力学性能的影响。结果 由于钛合金和铝合金存在较大的物理化学性能差异,Ti/Al异种金属焊接性较差,界面容易产生TiAl3、TiAl、Ti3Al等金属间化合物,其中脆性相TiAl3对接头性能的影响最大,会导致综合力学性能下降。当加入中间层材料Ni后,由于Ni与Al晶体结构均属于面心立方,因此Ni与Al的扩散系数大于Ti与Al的扩散系数,Ni和Al之间优先形成金属间化合物且弥散分布于焊缝中,从而缩短了Ti与Al之间的相互扩散时间,减少了TiAl3相的生成。结论 在未添加中间层材料时,接头平均抗拉强度为237.3 MPa,约为2A14铝合金母材抗拉强度的56.7%;当添加中间层Ni后,对焊缝中金属间化合物的种类和数量进行了调控,减少了对性能影响最大的TiAl3相的生成,接头平均抗拉强度达到285.3 MPa,为2A14铝合金母材抗拉强度的68%。     

Effect of interlayer addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of NiTi/stainless steel joint by electron beam welding

NiTi/Stainless Steel(SS) sheets have been welded via a vacuum electron beam welding process, with three methods(offsetting electron beam to SS side without interlayer, adding Ni interlayer and adding Fe Ni interlayer), to promote mechanical properties of the Ni Ti/SS joints. The joints with different interlayers are all fractured in the weld zone near the Ni Ti side, which is attributed to the enrichment of intermetallic compounds including Fe2 Ti and Ni3 Ti. The fracture mechanisms of different joints are strongly dependent on the types of interlayers, and the joints without interlayer, adding Ni interlayer and adding Fe Ni interlayer exhibit cleavage fracture, intergranular fracture and mixed fracture composed of cleavage and tearing ridge, respectively. Compared with the brittle laves phase Fe2 Ti, Ni3 Ti phase can exhibit certain plasticity, block the crack propagation and change the direction of crack propagation. The composite structure of Ni3 Ti and Fe2 Ti will be formed when the Fe Ni alloy is taken as the interlayer, which provides the joint excellent mechanical properties, with rupture strength of 343 MPa.     

Microstructural Evolution of Infrared Brazed CP-Ti Using Ti-Cu-Ni Brazes

Microstructural evolution of infrared vacuum brazed CP-Ti using two Ti-based braze alloys,Ti-15Cu-15Ni and Ti-15Cu-25Ni,has been investigated.The infrared brazed joint consisted of eutectic Ti 2 Cu/Ti 2 Ni intermetallic compounds and Ti-rich matrix.The eutectic Ti 2 Cu/Ti 2 Ni intermetallic compounds disappeared from the joint after being annealed at 900 C for 1 h.In contrast,the depletion rate of both Cu and Ni from the braze alloy into CP-Ti substrate at 750 C annealing was greatly decreased as compared with that annealed at 900 C.Blocky Ti 2 Cu/Ti 2 Ni phases were observed even if the specimen was annealed at 750 C for 15 h.Because the Ni content of the Ti-15Cu-25Ni braze alloy is much higher than that of the Ti-15Cu-15Ni alloy,the amount of eutectic Ti 2 Cu/Ti 2 Ni phases in Ti-15Cu-25Ni brazed joint is more than that in Ti-15Ci-15Ni brazed joint.However,similar microstructural evolution can be obtained from the infrared brazed joint annealed at various temperatures and/or time for both filler metals.     

冷轧 Ni/Ti 多层中的固态非晶化反应——Ⅱ.恒速升温退火处理(英文)

通过重复冷轧 Ni/Ti 包覆粉末制备出 Ni/Ti 多层。使用 XRD,SEM,TEM,DSC 和磁性分析方法研究了该多层由恒速升温退火导致的固态非晶化反应。恒速升温退火时多层中首先形成非晶相,当非晶相层厚超过一临界值后,元素间将通过互扩散形成金属间化合物 Ni_3Ti 和 NiTi,最后已形成的非晶相晶化成金属间化合物 Ni_3Ti 和 Ti_2Ni。首次利用扩散控制的层长大机制和瞬时形核模型,计算了恒速升温退火处理时多层中非晶层长大厚度和金属间化合物的形成温度。     

Microstructure and Strength of Brazed Joints of Ti3Al Base Alloy with Cu-P Filler Metal

Brazing of Ti3AI alloys with the filler metal Cu-P was carried out at 1173-1273 K for 60-1800 s. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows: brazing temperature is 1215-1225 K; brazing time is 250-300 s. Four kinds of reaction products were observed during the brazing of Ti3AI alloys with the filler metal Cu-P, i.e., Ti3AI phase with a small quantity of Cu (Ti3AI(Cu)) formed close to the Ti3AI alloy; the TiCu intermetallic compounds layer and the Cu3P intermetallic compounds layer formed between Ti3AI(Cu) and the filler metal, and a Cu-base solid solution formed with the dispersed Cu3P in the middle of the joint. The interfacial structure of brazed Ti3AI alloys joints with the filler metal Cu-P is Ti3AI/Ti3AI(Cu)/TiCu/Cu3P/Cu solid solution (Cu3P)/Cu3P/TiCu/Ti3AI(Cu)/Ti3AI, and this structure will not change with brazing time once it forms. The thickness of TiCu+Cu3P intermetallic compounds increases with brazing time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity K0 of reaction layer TiCu+Cu3P in the brazed joints of Ti3AI alloys with the filler metal Cu-P are 286 kJ/mol and 0.0821 m2/s, respectively, and growth formula was y2=0.0821exp(-34421.59/T)t. Careful control of the growth for the reaction layer TiCu+Cu3P can influence the final joint strength. The formation of the intermetallic compounds TiCu+Cu3P results in embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The Cu-P filler metal is not fit for obtaining a high-quality joint of Ti3AI brazed.     

Effects of process parameters on the quality aspects of weld-bead in laser welding of NiTinol sheets

The effects of process variables, like scan speed and laser power, on the quality of bead-on-plate welding of NiTinol sheets were investigated. The measured quality aspects for the weld-bead profile were bead geometry, changes in microstructure, variation of microhardness value along the weld-bead, extent of oxide contamination during welding, Ti/Ni ratio after welding, changes in tensile strength of the welded samples and corrosion behavior of the welded and parent materials. The laser weld-bead profile changed from the shape of a stemless wineglass to that with a prominent leg. Dimensional aspects of weld-bead geometry showed a decreasing trend with increasing scan speed. However, an increasing trend of the same was observed with power. The Ti/Ni ratio on the top surface after welding was found to decrease with scan speed at a particular power. Oxide contamination during welding followed the same pattern of variation as that of the Ti/Ni ratio. Microhardness values gradually increased from the weld centerline to the base metal. Formation of brittle intermetallic compounds reduced the tensile strength of the material after welding. A dual failure mode for the welded sample was observed, whereas a single mode of failure was detected for the parent material. The corrosion properties of the welded samples were better than that of the parent material.     

Laser welding of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel using Ni interlayer

Laser welding of TiNi shape memory alloy wire to stainless steel wire using Ni interlayer was investigated. The results indicated that the Ni interlayer thickness had great effects on the chemical composition, microstructure, gas-pore susceptibility and mechanical properties of laser-welded joints. With an increase of Ni interlayer thickness, the weld Ni content increased and the joint properties increased due to decreasing brittle intermetallic compounds (TiFe₂ and TiCr₂). The joint fracture occurred in the fusion zone with a brittle intermetallic compound layer. The tensile strength and elongation of the joints reached the maximum values (372 MPa and 4.4%) when weld Ni content was 47.25 wt.%. Further increasing weld Ni content resulted in decreasing the joint properties because of forming more TiNi₃ phase, gas-pores and shrinkage cavities in the weld metals. It is necessary to select suitable Ni interlayer thickness (weld composition) for improving the mechanical properties of laser-welded joints.     

Ni50Ti50非晶粉末在球磨时的稳定性

将Ｎｉ５０Ｔｉ５０单质混合粉末经机械合金化形成非晶态合，再进一步球磨使其产生晶化。结果表明，晶化产物为Ｎｉ３Ｔｉ金属间化合物。当Ｎｉ５０Ｔｉ５０非晶体加热时，产生的晶化产物有ＮｉＴｉ，ＮｉＴｉ２和Ｎｉ３Ｔｉ三种金属间化合物。本文通过ＤＳＣ差热分析，测定了Ｎｉ５０Ｔｉ５０非晶合金的晶化热及晶化激活能，并讨论了过度球磨时非晶晶化机制。     

Microstructures and properties of titanium–copper lap welded joints by cold metal transfer technology

Cold metal transfer (CMT) welding has been successfully used to weld dissimilar metals widely. However, a few investigations were carried out on the lap welding of commercially pure titanium TA2 to pure copper T2 with ERCuNiAl copper wire by CMT technique. In this paper, the affected mechanism of lapped location between the two metals on the microstructure and tensile shear strength of joints was revealed. The results indicated that satisfactory lapped joints between commercially pure titanium TA2 and pure copper T2 could be achieved by CMT welding method. A layer of intermetallic compounds (IMCs), i.e. Ti₂Cu, TiCu and AlCu₂Ti presented in titanium-weld interface, and the weld metal was composed of α-Cu solid solution and Ti–Cu–Al–Ni–Fe multi-phase. The two joints had almost same tensile shear strength, 192.5–197.5 N/mm, and fractured in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of Cu with plastic fracture mode during tensile shear tests.     

Heat-resistant joints of Si3N4 ceramics with intermetallic compounds formed in situ

The possibility of the improvement on the heat resistance of Si₃N₄ ceramic joints with intermetallic compounds formed in situ was investigated. The Si₃N₄ ceramics were joined with Ti/Ni/Ti multi-interlayers between 1000 and 1150°C. The effects of various parameters, which include the thickness of Ti and Ni foils, the pressure imposed during bonding, the bonding temperature and the holding time, on the microstructures and the strength (both at room temperature and at high temperature) of the joints were studied. The results indicated that the sound joints with higher strength both at room temperature and at elevated temperature could be acquired with intermetallic compounds formed in situ under appropriate bonding parameters. The shear strength at 800°C could sustain about 88 MPa.