蔬果磷对4种昆虫的杀虫活性

蔬果磷对粘虫、棉铃虫具有很高的杀虫活性和快速杀虫作用。蔬果磷对棉蚜的活性比内吸磷高１０倍；对家蝇的活性明显高于丙溴磷。     

含5-氨基噻唑环核苯甲酰脲类化合物的合成及生物活性

以课题组前期研究所发现的高杀虫活性化合物Ⅴj为先导,通过噻唑环2位苯基引入取代基,设计并合成了19个含5-氨基噻唑环核苯甲酰脲类化合物,收率81.4%~95.8%,其结构均经1H NMR和13C NMR分析确证。初步离体杀虫活性测试结果表明：在质量浓度为600 mg/L时,所有化合物均显示一定的杀虫活性;其中化合物 Ⅵ i ~ o对粘虫及化合物Ⅵ k、Ⅵ m和Ⅵ n对棉铃虫和玉米螟均显示100%的杀虫活性。     

灭多威对粘虫、棉铃虫的杀虫、杀卵活性

灭多威自1966年开发以来,国外对其杀虫活性进行了广泛的研究。石俊岳1979年合成并报道了该药对我国若干害虫的药效。但灭多威对我国粘虫、棉铃虫的杀虫、杀卵活性却很少报道。为此我们用天津农药工业研究所合成的灭多威,研究了其对粘虫和棉铃虫的杀虫杀卵活性。     

含5-氨基噻唑环核双酰胺类化合物的合成及生物活性研究

以商品化双酰胺基本骨架为先导,设计并合成了13个含5-氨基噻唑环核的苯甲酰脲类化合物,优化了Thompson等报道的基于Ugi四组件反应2,4二取代-5-氨基噻唑中间体的合成方法,其结构均经1H NMR、13C NMR、IR和MS 分析确证。初步离体杀虫活性测试结果表明,该类化合物具有很好的杀虫活性：当浓度为10 ppm,化合物5f、5g、5h、5j和5m对蚊幼虫均显示100%的杀虫活性,且当浓度降至5 ppm和2 ppm时,化合物5j的活性仍有100%,高于阳性对照;当浓度为600 ppm,化合物5d,5g对棉铃虫和玉米螟均显示100%的杀虫活性。     

甲胺基阿维菌素对甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫、粘虫和苜蓿夜蛾的活性研究

甲胺基阿维菌素对甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫、粘虫和苜蓿夜蛾的致死中浓度分别为0．384、0．048、0．073和1．238μg/g。甲胺基阿维菌素对甜菜 夜蛾、棉铃虫和粘虫的杀虫活力明显高于阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯和辛硫磷。甲胺基阿维菌素对棉铃虫的毒力高于粘虫，对上述两害虫的毒力又明显高于甜菜夜蛾和苜蓿夜蛾。甲胺基阿维菌素是防治甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫和粘虫高效的药剂，但不适合用于防治苜蓿夜蛾。     

含5-氨基噻唑环核双酰胺类化合物的合成及其生物活性

以商品化双酰胺基本骨架为先导,设计并合成了13个含5-氨基噻唑环核的苯甲酰脲类化合物,优化了基于Ugi四组件反应合成2,4-二取代-5-氨基噻唑中间体的方法,其结构均经1HNMR、13CNMR、IR和MS确证。初步离体杀虫活性测试结果表明:部分该类化合物具有很好的杀虫活性,当质量浓度为10 mg/L,化合物Ⅴf、Ⅴg、Ⅴh、Ⅴj和Ⅴm对蚊幼虫均显示100%的杀虫活性,且当质量浓度降至5 mg/L和2 mg/L时,化合物Ⅴj的杀虫活性仍有100%,高于阳性对照;当质量浓度为600 mg/L,化合物Ⅴd、Ⅴg对棉铃虫和玉米螟均显示100%的杀虫活性。     

5-氨基噻唑脲类化合物的合成及生物活性

以高杀虫活性化合物1-[(2-苯基-4-对甲氧基苯基)噻唑-5-基]-3-(3,5-二氟苯甲酰基)脲(Ⅴj)为先导,通过噻唑环2位苯基引入取代基,设计并合成了19个含5-氨基噻唑环核的苯甲酰脲类化合物,收率81.4%～95.8%,其结构均经1HNMR和13CNMR分析确证。初步离体杀虫活性测试结果表明,在质量浓度为600 mg/L时,所有化合物均显示一定的杀虫活性;其中,化合物Ⅵi～o对黏虫及化合物Ⅵk、Ⅵm和Ⅵn对棉铃虫和玉米螟均显示100%的杀虫活性。     

25%硫.氰乳油防治棉田玉米螟,棉铃虫室内外药效试验

２５％硫氰乳油对玉米螟和棉铃虫３龄幼虫有显著的增效作用,杀玉米螟和棉铃虫卵和初孵幼虫的效果优于三氟氯氰菊酯。田间试验表明,硫氰乳油对玉米螟和棉铃虫有较好的防治效果,且对棉田天敌较安全。     

露水草对4种鳞翅目昆虫的杀虫效果初探

评价露水草对鳞翅目害虫的毒性及其生长调节作用，为该杂草的开发提供参考。采用叶片饲喂法测定了露水草对亚洲玉米螟、草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫4种鳞翅目昆虫幼虫的杀虫和滞育活性。结果表明，取食露水草的斜纹夜蛾、亚洲玉米螟与棉铃虫2龄幼虫的死亡率分别高达77%、70%和42.5%，明显高于对照组玉米叶片的17.5%、25%和10%；虽然取食2种叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的死亡率相差不大，但是露水草对草地贪夜蛾表现出滞育毒性。这一结果为植物的抗虫性机理研究提供了参考。     

新杀虫剂JS118生物活性研究

JS118是新酰肼类化合物,由国家南方农药创制中心江苏基地创制。室内生物筛选研究表明,该化合物对鳞翅目害虫具有广谱性,对玉米螟、小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫、二化螟等具有明显的杀虫活性;田间小区试验表明,JS118对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾具有优良防效;作用方式研究表明,JS118具有明显的胃毒、触杀和拒食作用。     

虫酰肼·辛硫磷可湿性粉剂的高效液相色谱分析

叙述了采用高效液相色谱法测定虫酰肼·辛硫磷粉剂的含量的方法。该方法的标准偏差分别为0.10,0.28,变异系数分别为2.68,1.70,平均回收率分别为98.2%～100.4%及98.6%～100.1%,方法线性关系良好,其相关系数分别为0.99996,0.99993。     

20%虫酰肼悬浮剂的研究

20%虫酰肼悬浮剂(杀虫剂)的研制,实验室试验包括pH值、粘度、悬浮率、粒度、有效成份、稳定性及配方筛选。优惠配方如下(w/w):活性成份20%,润湿分散剂(A+B)10%,增调剂C0.4%-0.6%,防冻剂D5%,消注剂E1%和水。20%虫酰肼SC符合中国悬浮剂农药标准和需要。     

Action of Extracts of Apiaceae on Feeding Behavior and Neurophysiology of the Field Slug Deroceras reticulatum

A systematic examination was made of the plant family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) in which extracts of 33 species, representing 32 genera, were screened for antifeedant activity against the field slug Deroceras reticulatum by using an electrophysiological recording assay. In this assay, the olfactory sensory epithelium of the posterior tentacle of the slug was exposed to volatile components of the plant extracts presented in an airstream, and any subsequent activity of the olfactory nerve was recorded. Extracts of 22 species elicited a range of nervous activity in the preparation. A feeding bioassay was used to measure any change in consumption when extracts were added to a standard food. Statistical analysis of data obtained from both electrophysiological traces and the feeding bioassays identified extracts of Petroselinum crispum, Conium maculatum, and Coriandrum sativum as being the most neuroactive as well as the most antifeedant.     

汉逊酵母高密度发酵表达乙型肝炎表面抗原的甲醇流加控制策略

目的考察不同甲醇流加策略对汉逊酵母(Hansenula polymorpha)高密度发酵表达重组乙型肝炎表面抗原的影响。方法在细胞生长阶段采用DO/pH在线测量的控制方法,使酵母细胞密度达到一个较高水平,诱导期比较DO-Stat/pH-Stat法和离线检测甲醇两种控制流加甲醇的方法,同时也比较用甘油和甲醇双碳源间断流加法与单纯流加甲醇法对目的蛋白表达的影响。结果诱导期用DO-Stat和pH-Stat法不能有效地提高乙肝表面抗原表达量,而离线检测甲醇的控制方法,在诱导阶段可将甲醇浓度控制在0~5g/L的范围,乙肝表面抗原表达量比DO-Stat/pH-Stat法提高了20%。甲醇氧化酶(MOX)酶活性的变化与乙肝表面抗原表达量变化存在对应关系,交替加入甘油和甲醇双碳源刺激,可以使乙肝表面抗原表达量达到395mg/L。结论已筛选出优化工艺配置,并建立了切实可行的规模化生产工艺。     

用豆粕发酵生产卡门柏青霉脂肪酶

以廉价的脱脂豆粕为初始培养基和补料培养基,采用不同流加方式,包括间歇补料、高浓度流加和低浓度流加,对发酵生产卡门柏青霉(Penicillium camembertii Thom)脂肪酶进行了研究. 在5 L发酵罐中不外加碳源,以脱脂豆粕为培养基主要成分的条件下,采用流加高浓度脱脂豆粕的方式,发酵99.8 h得到1,3-专一性脂肪酶,最大酶活力392 IU/mL. 由于在培养基中以脱脂豆粕代替了昂贵的霍霍巴油,有可能大幅度降低生产成本.     

Cholesterol synthesis and esterification in isolated enterocytes: Regulation by cholesterol and cholestyramine feeding

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the physiological control of the main regulatory enzymes of cholesterol metabolism in isolated enterocytes obtained from chick duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Cholesterol feeding resulted in an inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase, while cholestyramine feeding increased reductase activity in all the regions studied and decarboxylase activity only in duodenum. Cholesterol feeding markedly increased acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, but the effects of cholestyramine were less clear. The effects on transferase activity cannot be due to differences in the availability of acyl-CoA as exogenous substrate as no significant differences were found in acyl-CoA hydrolase activity after any of the dietary treatments. The effects of cholesterol feeding were related to changes in the cholesterol content of epithelial cells, whereas in the case of cholestyramine this relationship was less apparent.     

Biological Activity of Acyl Glucose Esters from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Datura wrightii</Emphasis> Glandular Trichomes against Three Native Insect Herbivores

Datura wrightii is dimorphic for leaf trichome type in southern California. “Sticky” plants produce glandular trichomes that secrete acylsugars, whereas velvety plants produce nonglandular trichomes. Glandular trichomes confer resistance to some potential insect herbivores and are associated with reduced feeding in the field by two native coleopteran herbivores: the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis, and a weevil, Trichobaris compacta. In contrast, another native beetle, Lema daturaphila, damages sticky and velvety plants similarly in the field. A series of choice and no-choice “ester removal” and “ester addition” feeding experiments were performed in the laboratory to evaluate the role of acylsugars in feeding by all three insect species. Consumption of sticky leaves after their esters were removed by washing was compared to consumption of unwashed sticky leaves and velvety leaves in ester removal experiments. Consumption of velvety leaves was measured after acylsugars were applied to those leaves in controlled amounts in the ester addition experiments. Consumption by E. hirtipennis was reduced by acylsugars in all experiments. Consumption by T. compacta was reduced by acylsugars in the ester removal experiments, but not in the ester addition experiments. The location of the acylsugars at the tip of a long trichome, rather than simply on the leaf surface, may be an important component of the biological activity of acylsugars against T. compacta in nature. Consumption by L. daturaphila was not significantly reduced by acylsugars in any experiment. The acylsugars caused no significant mortality of any of the three insect species.     

Docosahexaenoic acid ingestion inhibits natural killer cell activity and production of inflammatory mediators in young healthy men

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of feeding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as triacylglycerol on the fatty acid composition, eicosanoid production, and select activities of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). A 120-d study with 11 healthy men was conducted at the Metabolic Research Unit of Western Human Nutrition Reach Center. Four subjects (control group) were fed the stabilization diet throughout the study; the remaining seven subjects were fed the basal diet for the first 30 d, followed by 6 g DHA/d for the next 90 d. DHA replaced an equivalent amount of linoleic acid; the two diets were comparable in their total fat and all other nutrients. Both diets were supplemented with 20 mg d α-tocopherol acetate per day. PBMNC fatty acid composition and eicosanoid production were examined on day 30 and 113; immune cell functions were tested on day 22, 30, 78, 85, 106, and 113. DHA feeding increased its concentration from 2.3 to 7.4 wt% in the PBMNC total lipids, and decreased arachidonic acid concentration from 19.8 to 10.7 wt%. It also lowered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production, in response to lipopolysaccharide, by 60–75%. Natural killer cell activity and in vitro secretion of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly reduced by DHA feeding. These parameters remained unchanged in the subjects fed the control diet. B-cell functions as reported here and T-cell functions that we reported previously were not altered by DHA feeding. Our results show that inhibitory effects of DHA on immune cell functions varied with the cell type, and that the inhibitory effects are not mediated through increased production of PGE2 and LTB4. Parts of data included here were published in abstracts for the Experimental Biology 98, and the International Congress of Immunology 98, meetings.     

argE基因的表达优化及Zn2+添加时间和浓度的影响机制分析

确定了目的基因argE在重组菌BL21(DE3)-pET22b-argE中的表达位置,研究了Zn2+对重组菌生长及表达产物活性的影响,并分析了影响机制. 结果表明,argE可在重组菌中高效表达,表达产物N-乙酰鸟氨酸脱酰基酶大多以不可溶的包涵体形式存在,只有少量为有活性的可溶性表达. 1.0 g/L的Mg2+对重组菌的生长及酶活有明显促进作用. Zn2+加入时机及加入量不同,影响结果也不同. 发酵起始加入Zn2+严重抑制菌的生长及酶活,而在1.0%乳糖诱导2.5 h后加入则可解除生长抑制并提高酶活. SDS-PAGE电泳及活力测定证实Zn2+参与形成酶的催化中心,对酶的表达量没有影响.     

Identification of a Triterpenoid Saponin from a Crucifer, Barbarea vulgaris, as a Feeding Deterrent to the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

Larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, a crucifer specialist, refuse to feed on a crucifer, Barbarea vulgaris, because of the presence of a feeding deterrent, which is extractable with chloroform. We isolated a feeding deterrent from B. vulgaris leaves, by successive fractionations with silica-gel, ODS, i.e., C₁₈ reversed phase, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies, and ODS-HPLC, guided by a bioassay for feeding deterrent activity. The structure of the compound was determined to be a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-[O--D-glucopyranosyl-(14)--D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin, based on FAB-MS, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectra, and hydrolysis experiments. When the compound was applied to cabbage leaf disks at greater than 0.18 g/mm², consumption of the disks by third instars was less than 11% of control disks treated with the solvent alone. Furthermore, all first instars died on the disks treated with the same concentrations. Because the concentration of the compound in the fresh leaves of B. vulgaris was comparable to the effective dose in the cabbage leaf disk tested, we conclude that the unacceptability of B. vulgaris to P. xylostella larvae is primarily due to this saponin.