3.0T常规MRI与MR髋关节造影诊断髋臼唇撕裂的对比研究

目的 在3.0 T场强中,比较常规髋关节MRI及MR髋关节造影对髋臼唇撕裂的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析44例髋关节病变患者的患侧髋关节常规MRI及MR髋关节造影资料,将每例患者的臼唇划分为前、上、后3处区域(共计132处),确定有无撕裂,并进行分型.其中5例患者经髋关节镜检查.对于常规MRI及MR髋关节造影获得的臼唇撕裂及分型数据差异比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,一致性比较采用Kappa检验.结果 常规MRI与MR髋关节造影诊断完全相同者计116处臼唇,只有16处存在诊断差异.其中,前者诊断无撕裂而后者诊断撕裂者9处,前者诊断撕裂但后者诊断无撕裂者6处,其余1处两者均诊断为撕裂但分型不同.常规MRI与MR髋关节造影的评价差异没有统计学意义(Z=0.347,P＞0.05),且具有极好的一致性(K=0.781,P＜0.01).在接受关节镜的5例患者中,常规MRI、MR髋关节造影及关节镜结果均完全吻合.结论 对髋臼唇撕裂,3.0 T常规髋关节MRI可获得与MR髋关节造影基本相同的诊断效果.     

髋关节撞击综合征影像表现的初步探讨

目的 探讨髋关节撞击综合征(FAI)的影像表现.方法 回顾性分析经手术证实的9例FAI患者的影像资料,9例患者均行髋关节正侧位X线检查及患髋MR检查,其中1例还接受了患髋关节MR关节造影检查,探讨其影像特征性改变.结果 9例患者X线表现均出现股骨头颈交界处骨性突起或髋臼过度覆盖.MR检查显示9例患者均出现不同程度的髋臼盂唇损伤,均出现在前上盂唇,ⅠA期损伤2例,ⅠB期损伤3例,ⅡA期损伤2例,ⅡB期损伤2例;1例患髋关节MR造影检查显示髋臼前上盂唇内线样裂隙,可见对比剂进入裂隙.2例的股骨头负重区软骨下骨内出现硬化囊变区,手术证实相应部位出现直径2 cm大小的软骨剥脱.结论 MRI可以显示FAI患者髋臼盂唇及关节软骨损伤,有助于早期诊断FAI.     

髋关节镜清理治疗髋臼盂唇损伤10例报告

目的:探讨髋关节镜在髋臼盂唇损伤中的诊疗价值.方法:对10例髋臼盂唇损伤的患者采用髋关节镜技术进行诊断和治疗,男性7例,女性3例.平均年龄43岁(17～63岁).左侧6例,右侧4例.髋臼发育不良4例,髋关节骨性关节炎3例,运动伤3例.关节镜检查髋臼盂唇放射瓣状损伤3例,退行性变3例,桶柄状损伤2例,横形裂2例.撕裂发生在前盂唇4例,后盂唇3例,上盂唇3例.射频气化清理增生肥厚的滑膜组织和软骨损伤的创面,切除并修整损伤的盂唇组织.结果:术后随访10例,平均11个月(6个月～31个月),髋关节症状完全解除7例,明显改善2例,1例因骨性关节炎较重于术后15个月行人工关节置换术.本组患者无血管神经损伤和感染病例.结论:髋关节镜对髋臼盂唇损伤具有重要的诊断和治疗价值,其疗效取决于关节软骨退变的程度和治疗时机.     

髋关节镜手术治疗轻度成人髋臼发育不良的临床效果

目的:探讨关节镜治疗轻度成人髋臼发育不良(developmental dysphasia of the hip,DDH)的可行性和临床疗效。方法:回顾性研究于2011年5月～2014年7月在我科因DDH行关节镜手术治疗并最终获得随访的27例患者。平均年龄39.6±10.1岁(21～59岁);男2例,女25例;左髋11例,右髋16例。本组仅收集符合Perner分型Ⅰ度,即轻度髋臼发育不良的患者,测量每位患者的外侧中心边缘角(LCE角)和股骨头覆盖率。手术在髋关节镜下进行,主要操作包括髋臼盂唇损伤的修整或缝合,髋臼或股骨头软骨损伤的清理。应用改良的髋关节Harris评分对术后疗效进行评价,同时对患者进行满意度评估。结果:27例患者从起病到手术时间为4个月到10年,平均21.6±32.3个月。随访时间33.2±9.6个月(21～53个月)。LCE角为19.8°±6.2°(13.1°～27.7°),股骨头覆盖率为67.4%±6.1%(57.4%～75.0%)。手术中证实,27例患者均存在盂唇损伤,9例行盂唇缝合术,18例行盂唇修整术;8例髋臼和股骨头软骨均无损伤,19例髋关节负重区的股骨头或/和髋臼软骨损伤,行软骨病灶清理术。Harris评分由术前的66.9±12.2分(45～90分)增加到术后的90.1±5.1分(86～100分),P<0.001。患者满意度评估中,21例(77.8%)非常满意,4例(14.8%)满意,2例(7.4%)一般。结论:髋关节镜下治疗轻度成人髋臼发育不良可以显著改善患者的髋关节症状和功能,减缓髋关节骨关节病进展,是一项安全、有效、微创的技术。     

儿童发育性髋关节脱位MRI表现与病理对照研究

目的:探讨MRI对儿童发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析63例经手术证实的DDH的MRI表现。根据Dunn标准将63例DDH分为三型(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型),观察影响DDH复位的因素(关节积液、关节内脂肪增生、盂唇、圆韧带、髂腰肌)。结果:正常髋关节数共为53个,脱位髋关节数共为73个,其中Ⅰ型30个、Ⅱ型20个、Ⅲ型23个。Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型脱位髋关节中观察到盂唇内翻外翻、圆韧带粗大、髂腰肌挛缩、关节积液、脂肪增生等病理变化。MRI对病变盂唇显示的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率分别为70.9%、75.0%、88.0%、50.0%、72.1%(Kappa值为0.3986);对圆韧带显示的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率分别为60.0%、66.7%、71.4%、54.5%、62.7%(Kappa值为0.2586);对髂腰肌挛缩的显示敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率分别为80.0%、91.3%、88.9%、84.0、86.0%(Kappa值为0.7177),对关节积液及脂肪增生显示的符合率为100%。结论:MRI能较准确地显示关节积液、关节内脂肪增生、盂唇病变、髂腰肌挛缩,能为外科手术提供有价值的信息。     

唇板横断面积在诊断髋臼前唇撕裂中的作用

正摘要目的研究超声测量横断面积(CSA)诊断髋臼前唇(AL)撕裂的作用。方法将初诊为AL撕裂的52例病人的55个髋关节与28名健康志愿者的56个髋关节的超声定性/定量检查纳入研究。仅病人行MR关节成像检查,复习MR影像评价AL增厚和撕裂情况。结果MR关节成像检查AL撕裂病人髋臼前唇的     

髋关节撞击综合征的影像学表现

目的:探讨髋关节撞击综合征(femoroacetabular impingement,FAI)的影像特征。方法:对24例FAI的影像学资料进行回顾性分析,患者均行髋关节X线、CT及MRI检查。结果:FAI表现为股骨头颈解剖学异常,其中24例X线片示股骨头颈交界处骨性突起,呈"枪柄样"改变;5例有非圆形股骨头;3例髋臼后倾、髋臼过深,呈"8字征"改变;15例髋臼边缘软骨下囊性变;5例股骨头颈交界处皮质下囊性变。MRI显示24例髋臼盂唇、软骨损伤及关节骨质改变。CT示α角增大。结论:股骨头颈解剖学异常及髋臼形态异常是诊断FAI的主要征象,结合MRI显示髋臼盂唇及关节软骨损伤,综合评价可明确诊断FAI。     

上方盂唇前后向撕裂的肩关节MR造影评价

目的 评价肩关节MR造影对上方盂唇前后向撕裂(SLAP损伤)的诊断价值.方法 由2名影像诊断医师独立回顾分析137例经肩关节镜证实的肩关节造影MR图像,判定有无SLAP损伤,并进行分型.SLAP损伤分4型:Ⅰ型为上盂唇毛糙,Ⅱ型为肱二头肌腱盂唇复合体从关节孟撕裂,Ⅲ型为上盂唇桶柄状撕裂,Ⅳ型为上盂唇桶柄状撕裂并同时累及肱二头肌长头腱.计算肩关节MR造影对SLAP损伤的敏感度、特异度和准确度,以及与肩关节镜分型的符合率.采用Kappa统计计算2名影像诊断医师评价的一致性.结果 137例患者中,肩关节镜证实SLAP损伤59例,包括SLAP损伤Ⅰ型6例(10.2%)、Ⅱ型50例(84.7%)、Ⅲ型3例(5.1%).肩关节MR造影的敏感度、特异度和准确度医师甲分别为86.4%(51/59)、78.2%(61/78)和81.8%(112/137),医师乙分别为88.1%(52/59)、84.6%(66/78)和86.1%(118/137).2名影像诊断医师的评价一致性极好(K=0.796).肩关节MR造影与肩关节镜的分型符合率医师甲为83.1%(49/59),医师乙为79.7%(47/59).结论 肩关节MR造影是评价SLAP损伤比较可靠的影像方法.     

髋关节MR造影在髋臼唇撕裂诊断中的应用

目的 探讨髋关节MR造影在髋臼唇撕裂诊断中的应用价值.方法 临床高度怀疑髋臼唇撕裂的15例20个髋关节在透视下行髋关节穿刺造影,采用SE T1WI加脂肪抑制技术,进行髋关节冠状面、矢状面、斜轴面及放射状位扫描.其中12例行关节镜检查.结果 在行髋关节镜检查的12例14个髋关节中,11例13个髋关节MR造影诊断为髋臼唇撕裂,与关节镜诊断相符;1例MR造影示正常,关节镜检查亦未发现髋臼唇撕裂.13个髋臼唇撕裂中位于前上象限12个髋关节,后上象限1个髋关节.在关节镜诊断髋臼唇撕裂的13个髋关节中,MR造影冠状面诊断髋臼唇撕裂3个髋关节,矢状面诊断10个髋关节,斜轴面及放射状位诊断髋臼唇撕裂均为13个髋关节.15例20个髋关节中有5例6个髋关节在后下象限有髋臼唇下沟表现.结论 MR髋关节造影是诊断髋臼唇撕裂的可靠方法,扫描方法应选择T1WI加脂肪抑制的矢状面及斜轴面或矢状面加放射状位.后下象限撕裂的诊断中应注意正常变异的存在.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application value of MR rthrography (MRA) in the diagnosis of acetabular labral tears. Methods Fifteen patients with a high degree of suspected acetabular labral tears received fluoroscope-guided injection of the contrast media into the hip joint ( hip arthrography) and fat-saturated spin-echo T1-weighted images were obtained in the coronal, sagittal, oblique-axial and radial planes. Hip arthroscopy was performed on 12 of them. Results Labral tears which were diagnosed in 11 patients by hip MRA were confirmed at hip arthroscopy. One patient showed no MRA indication of labral tear, also showed normal on arthroscopy. Tear in the anterior-superior quadrant 10 cases of 12 joints ( 12/13), posterior-superior quadrant 1 case of a joint (1/13). In 11 patients who underwent arthroscopy, hip MRA diagnosed 3 (3/13) joints labral tears in coronal planes, 10 (10/13) joints in sagittal planes and 13 (13/13) labral tears in axial-oblique and radial planes. In 15 patients with 20 hip joints, 5 cases 6 joints (6/20) with normal acetabular sublabral sulcus were performed. Conclusions MR arthrography of hip is a reliable method in the diagnosis of acetabular labral tears. Scanning method should be included fat-saturated spin-echo T1-weighted images in sagittal and oblique-axial planes or sagittal plus radial planes. The diagnosis of tor posterior-inferior quadrant should pay attention to the existence of a normal variation.     

幼儿髋关节的冠状断层解剖与MRI对照研究

目的:为幼儿髋关节病变的断层影像解剖和外科治疗提共实用的形态学依据.方法:在20例幼儿髋关节冠状断层标本,10例幼儿髋关节磁共振冠状图像上,研究了冠状断层幼儿髋关节的解剖结构.结果:在幼儿髋关节冠状断面上可清楚显示髋臼软骨、髋臼盂唇、骺板等重要结构;髋臼软骨在T1WI为带状中等信号,T2WI为中等信号,髋臼盂唇在T1WI、T2WI为低信号.骨骺、骺板在T1WI为带状中等低信号,T2WI为均匀高信号.结论:MRI可清析显示幼儿髋关节的解剖结构,在幼儿的外科疾病的诊断中应列为常规检查.     

Aberrant pelvis and hip kinematics impair hip loading before and after total hip replacement

Musculoskeletal loading is an important factor affecting the development of osteoarthritis, bone remodelling and primary fixation of total hip replacement (THR). In this study, we analyzed the relation between muscular force, gait kinematics and kinetics and hip loading in 20 patients before and six weeks after THR. Hip contact forces were calculated from gait analysis data using musculoskeletal modelling, inverse dynamics and static optimization. We found aberrant pelvis and hip kinematics and kinetics before and six weeks after surgery, confirming previous findings in literature. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the total contact force and its vertical component. These changes result in a decrease of the associated inclination angles of the total hip contact force in the sagittal and transverse planes, changing the orientation towards more vertical implant loading after THR. These changes in hip loading were related to observed gait kinematics and kinetics. Most importantly, excessive pelvic obliquity and associated hip adduction related to impaired implant loading. We concluded, therefore, that physical therapy in the early post-operative phase should primarily focus on stretching of anterior and medial structures and strengthening of hip flexors and abductors to achieve normalization of the hip and pelvis kinematics and consequently normalize hip loading.     

The role of hip arthroscopy in the athletic hip

Hip joint problems in the athlete can be disabling, yet remain elusive to investigation. The arthroscope has proved essential in both the detection and treatment of many of these disorders. Less invasive methods with quicker return to safe competition has been a sine qua non of sports medicine. The incentive to return motivated athletes to a sport has proven fertile ground for advancement of arthroscopic techniques. This has been especially exemplified in the rapidly evolving field of hip arthroscopy, and has allowed these methodologies to find application in the management of patients of all levels of activity. As has been stated, the athletic field of competition represents one of the most fertile clinical laboratories in the world.     

Contralateral hip and knee gait biomechanics are unchanged by total hip replacement for unilateral hip osteoarthritis

Both the hip and knee contralateral to a total hip replacement (THR) have an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) progression, and ultimate joint replacement. It is also known that abnormal gait contributes to OA progression. For these reasons, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of contralateral hip and knee gait during the first year after unilateral THR to determine whether abnormal contralateral gait biomechanics emerge after THR. We analyzed the sagittal plane dynamic range of motion and 3D peak external moments from the asymptomatic hip and knee contralateral to a THR in a group of 26 subjects, evaluated preoperatively, and 3, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after THR, and a group of control subjects. We used t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA to test the hypotheses that contralateral hip and knee gait parameters are normal preoperatively, but change after THR. Preoperatively, the contralateral hip abduction moment and the contralateral knee adduction, flexion, and external rotation moments were significantly higher than normal in the THR group (p ≤ 0.048). Apart from the peak hip extension moment, which decreased three weeks after surgery but returned to its preoperative value thereafter, there were no longitudinal changes during the study period (p ≥ 0.141). Preoperative gait abnormalities persisted postoperatively. Notably, the contralateral knee adduction moment was 32% higher than normal in the THR group. These results indicate a biomechanical basis for the increased contralateral OA risk after unilateral THR, and suggest that some patients may benefit from strategies to reduce loading on the contralateral limb.     

Sagittal spinopelvic alignment predicts hip function after total hip arthroplasty

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative sagittal spinopelvic alignment and postoperative clinical outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This retrospective study included 92 patients with hip osteoarthritis who underwent primary THA between May 2013 and October 2015. Patients’ characteristics, radiographic sagittal spinopelvic parameters and modified Harris Hip Scores, including function scores (gait scores and functional activities scores), were investigated. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between each preoperative sagittal spinopelvic parameter and postoperative hip function The preoperative sagittal spinopelvic parameters that were associated with postoperative gait scores were sagittal vertical axis (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.28, P = 0.02), lumbar lordosis angle (adjusted β-coefficient = 0.29, P = 0.0089), pelvic tilt (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.25, P = 0.045), sacral slope (adjusted β-coefficient = 0.27, P = 0.017) and pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis angle (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.31, P = 0.01). The preoperative sagittal spinopelvic parameters that were related to the postoperative functional activities scores were sagittal vertical axis (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.38, P = 0.0051) and pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis angle (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.39, P = 0.0033). Patients with preoperative imbalanced sagittal alignment such as larger sagittal vertical axis, larger pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis and retroversion of pelvis had poorer clinical outcomes than others after THA. While, those preoperative imbalanced patients with anteversion of pelvis may have a compensatory ability which could correct the abnormal sagittal alignment after THA. Preoperative sagittal spinopelvic alignment affected postoperative clinical outcomes after THA.     

S-ROM组配式股骨柄在股骨翻修术中的应用

人工全髋关节置换术(toral hip ar-throplasty,THA)后行股骨假体翻修时,取除股骨假体及骨水泥后,股骨髓腔内没有足够的松质骨,采用骨水泥固定假体方式常不能获得满意的固定效果,因此,存在使用非骨水泥型的生物学固定的股骨假体进行翻修的倾向.     

Kinematic radiography of the hip joint after hip resurfacing arthroplasty

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of dynamic radiography using a dynamic flat-panel detector (FPD) system after hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). A total of 32 hips of 26 patients who underwent HRA were included. Sequential images of active abduction in the supine position and flexion in the 45° semilateral position were obtained using the FPD system. We examined the imaging findings of impingement between the acetabular component and femoral neck with cooperative motion at maximal exercise. Moreover, the central component coordinate of the acetabulum and femoral head sides was measured. For abduction motion, impingement was detected in two (6.3 %) hips between the superior portion of the femoral neck and acetabular component. For flexion motion, impingement was detected in 19 (59.4 %) hips. There were no findings of subluxation between the acetabular component and femoral neck after impingement, but cooperative motion of lumbar and pelvic flexion was observed. There was no significant difference in the center-to-center distance regardless of the presence or absence of impingement. Detailed postoperative kinematics of the hips after HRA showed that the proposed dynamic FPD system could reveal acquired impingement and cooperative motion as dynamic images and possibly reveal findings that would be unobservable using static images.