氧化石墨烯复合PVA纤维增强水泥基材料的力学性能及耐久性研究

为解决混凝土耐久性差、脆性大等问题,研究了氧化石墨烯(GO)复掺聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维对低水灰比水泥基材料力学性能及耐久性能的影响.利用Hummers法制备GO,并表征GO的结构和性能,通过测试分析了不同配合比砂浆的力学性能和耐久性,并通过MIP(压汞法)和SEM(扫描电镜)分析了氧化石墨烯以及PVA纤维对水泥基材料的改性机理.结果表明GO和PVA纤维均能提高水泥基材料的力学性能以及耐久性.GO复掺PVA纤维可以显著改善水泥基材料孔结构,降低孔隙率,提高水泥基材料抗氯离子渗透性能并降低水泥基材料收缩率.     

再生微粉在水泥基材料中的应用与研究进展

再生微粉是再生骨料生产过程中的细微颗粒,其含有大量的SiO2和Al2 O3,具有作为辅助胶凝材料的应用潜力.因其火山灰活性和微集料填充效应可以显著改善水泥基材料性能,已经成为节能环保材料在水泥混凝土领域的关注热点.介绍了再生微粉的物理化学特性和水化活性潜质,以及对水泥基材料工作性、力学性能和耐久性的影响,综述了其对水泥基材料性能的作用机理,分析了当前研究存在的问题,指出了再生微粉水泥基材料的发展趋势.     

纳米高岭土在水泥基材料中的应用与研究进展

纳米高岭土因其火山灰活性、晶核作用和微集料填充效应可以显著改善水泥基材料性能,已经成为目前纳米材料在水泥混凝土领域的关注热点.综述了纳米高岭土对水泥基材料水化、工作性、力学性能和耐久性的影响,介绍了其对水泥基材料性能的作用机理,分析了当前研究存在的问题,指出了纳米高岭土水泥基材料的发展趋势.     

超高性能水泥基材料的制备及其强度影响因素研究

超高性能水泥基材料是继高强、高性能混凝土之后,出现的一种力学性能、耐久性能都非常优越的新型建筑材料.本文通过大量试验,分析水胶比、粉煤灰、养护条件对超高性能水泥基材料抗压强度的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)来探究矿物掺合料(主要是粉煤灰和玻璃粉)对硬化浆体微观形貌及水化产物影响的微观机理.研究结果表明:超高性能水泥基材料的强度随水胶比的减小而增大;粉煤灰可以作为掺合料加入超高性能水泥基材料中,能改善RPC微观结构,提高其性能;高温蒸养可显著提高超高性能水泥基材料的强度.     

碳纳米管水泥基复合材料耐久性及力学性能研究

为解决复杂环境下混凝土材料的耐久性以及力学性能等问题,以纳米材料作为水泥基材料的增强组份,添加碳纳米管(CNTs)制备了一种碳纳米管水泥基复合材料。研究了该水泥基复合材料的力学性能、流变性能,采用氯离子渗透深度来对该水泥基复合材料的耐久性能进行了评价。通过测试分析了不同碳纳米管掺量的水泥基复合材料的力学性能和耐久性,并通过SEM(扫描电镜)分析了碳纳米管水泥基复合材料的微观结构。结果表明CNTs能显著提高水泥基材料的力学性能以及耐久性,改善水泥基材料孔结构,同时能提高水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能。     

偏高岭土对活性粉末混凝土力学性能及微观结构的影响

活性粉末混凝土(RPC)具有优异的力学性能和耐久性能,应用前景广阔。为探讨偏高岭土(MK)对RPC的影响,通过MK火山灰活性指数测试,抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量试验,以及X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、压汞和纳米压痕分析,研究了0%、5%、10%、15%和20%的MK等质量取代胶凝材料对RPC力学性能和微观结构的影响。研究结果表明,MK在水泥水化早期就表现出较高的火山灰活性,其中MK掺量为10%时RPC的28 d抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量较基准组分别提高了20.1%、18.0%和11.4%,MK的最佳掺量为10%。微观结构分析显示,MK的掺入降低了RPC基体的孔隙率,并且通过“二次水化”反应生成更多额外的水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶填充基体的孔隙,改善了RPC的微观结构。纳米压痕试验研究表明,掺入质量分数为10%的MK增加了高密度C-S-H的含量,这可能归因于MK的火山灰活性和微集料填充效应。     

纳米偏高岭土在水泥基材料中的应用研究进展

纳米偏高岭土在水泥基材料中的研究和应用还处于初级阶段,但其良好的火山灰活性、晶核作用和微集料填充效应已成为改善水泥基材料性能的一个重要方向.综述了纳米偏高岭土对水泥基材料水化、工作性、力学性能和耐久性的影响,介绍了其对水泥基材料性能的作用机理,分析了当前研究存在的问题,并指出了纳米偏高岭土水泥基材料的发展趋势.     

EPS颗粒对超轻水泥基复合保温材料性能的影响

聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料颗粒(EPS颗粒)作为水泥基复合保温材料的超轻骨料,对水泥基复合保温材料力学性能、热工性能影响显著。以水泥为胶凝材料,EPS颗粒、混合材、泡沫剂和改性剂、水等为主要原料,采用物理发泡工艺制备干表观密度不大于120 kg/m³的超轻水泥基复合保温材料(UCIM)。通过设计不同体积掺量的EPS颗粒,分析EPS颗粒掺量对泡沫混凝土基体孔结构、超轻水泥基复合保温材料强度和热工性能的影响规律。结果表明,适宜掺量EPS颗粒可显著提高超轻水泥基复合保温材料抗压强度和抗拉强度,并确保超轻水泥基复合保温材料具有良好的热工性能,即通过EPS颗粒与泡沫混凝土基体的协同作用,协调力学性能和热工性能,制备出高性能超轻水泥基复合保温材料。     

氧化石墨烯(GO)在水泥基复合材料中的应用研究进展

氧化石墨烯(GO)具有二维层状结构,表面承载了多种活性含氧基团.GO不但具有粒径小、比表面积大、表面能高以及表面原子所占比例大等特点,还具有优异的导电性能、导热性能、力学以及光学性能.GO以其独特的结构和优异的性能应用在水泥基材料中可改善其性能,因此GO在水泥基材料中的应用成为当前研究的一个热点.本文总结了GO的制备、分散方法,归纳了GO对水泥基复合材料的性能影响和机理分析,阐述了当前GO在水泥基材料研究中存在的问题以及发展趋势.     

纳米CaCO3对硅酸盐水泥水化特性的影响

为研究纳米CaCO3对硅酸盐水泥水化特性的影响,利用微量热仪法测试了不同掺量纳米CaCO3对硅酸盐水泥水化放热影响,利用差示扫描热分析-热重(DSC-TG)法分析了其水化产物中Ca(OH)2含量与结合水量,并研究不同掺量纳米CaCO3对水泥基材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,在本试验条件下,纳米CaCO3的掺入促进了水泥的水化放热速率,水化放热亦随之增加;随着纳米CaCO3掺量增大,硅酸盐水泥水化生成的Ca(OH)2含量与化学结合水量皆增加;掺入纳米CaCO3水泥基材料的抗折和抗压强度提高,掺量为1.5％(质量分数)时对水泥基材料的力学性能提高最为显著.研究结果显示纳米CaCO3加速了硅酸盐水泥的水化.     

Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: A review

Supplementary cementing materials (SCM) have become an integral part of high strength and high performance concrete mix design. These may be naturally occurring materials, industrial wastes, or byproducts or the ones requiring less energy to manufacture. Some of the commonly used supplementary cementing materials are fly ash, silica fume (SF), granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), rice husk ash (RHA) and metakaolin (MK), etc. Metakaolin is obtained by the calcination of kaolinite. It is being used very commonly as pozzolanic material in mortar and concrete, and has exhibited considerable influence in enhancing the mechanical and durability properties of mortar and concrete. This paper presents an overview of the work carried out on the use of MK as partial replacement of cement in mortar and concrete. Properties reported in this paper are the fresh mortar/concrete properties, mechanical and durability properties.     

Properties of Calcined Clay Waste and its Influence on Blended Cement Behavior

This paper describes research on clay wastes (CWs) produced in the paper manufacture process. Once activated under controlled thermal conditions, CW is transformed into calcined clay products providing added value as supplementary cementing materials. The obtention of a pozzolanic material (metakaolin (MK)) from valorized CW constitutes an alternative source of pozzolans for the elaboration of blended Portland cements, as well as a priority research line from the environmental point of view. This research work presents the properties of calcined CW (chemical, mineralogical, and pozzolanic) and its influence on Portland cements containing 10% calcined clay product. The results obtained with different characterization techniques (XRF, DTA, XRD, SEM-EDX) showed that the thermally activated CW exhibits acceptable properties to be used as supplementary cementing materials in the manufacture of commercial Portland cements. The derived MK can react with calcium hydroxide, from cement hydration, producing hydrated phases with hydraulic properties (calcium silicate hydrate gels, tobermorite, C₄AH₁₃, zeolite). These novel blended cements comply with the chemical, physical, and mechanical specifications established in the existing standards.     

Effect of metakaolin dispersion on the fresh and hardened state properties of concrete

The use of pozzolanic materials such as metakaolin in mortars and concretes is growing. Their use is usually related to the promotion of hydraulic binder reactions or to the mitigation of expansive reactions that can occur in concrete. Introduction of fine particles such as metakaolins, can have a strong effect on fresh and hardened state properties. This paper aims to study the effect of metakaolin in concrete formulations with a preset workability and to assess the system rheology but also its hardened state properties such as mechanical strength. The effect that the dispersion of metakaolin particles induces on concrete microstructure, particularly in porosity, is discussed. Formulations were prepared with several metakaolin amounts and workability was controlled either with water or a high range water reducer admixture (HRWRA). The use of HRWRA can cause deflocculation of metakaolin particles, allowing workability control in concrete and leading to better efficiency and improved performance.     

Strength estimation model for high-strength concrete incorporating metakaolin and silica fume

A mathematical model is presented for estimating compressive strength of high-strength concrete incorporating pozzolanic materials, based on the strength of a control ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete made with similar mixture characteristics and curing history. In this study, metakaolin (MK) and silica fume (SF) were used as cement replacement materials at 5%, 10%, and 15% by mass. Water/cementitious materials (w/cm) ratios varied from 0.27 to 0.33, and strength testing was conducted up to an age of 180 days. It was found that the strength of a pozzolanic mixture could be related to the strength of its equivalent control by a linear function. Key parameters involved in the model are the pozzolanic and dilution factors, which can be correlated to the pozzolan content in the mixture. The study concludes that the accuracy of the model increases with concrete age. At ages 28 days and above, 97% of the estimated strengths are within ±5% of the actual value.     

Calcined oil sands fine tailings as a supplementary cementing material for concrete

In recent years, metakaolin (MK) has received considerable attention, as a high-performance pozzolanic supplementary cementing material for use in concrete. MK is produced by calcining kaolinite at temperatures between 600 and 1000 °C. In the province of Alberta, Canada, the oil sand mining industry produces millions of cubic metres of oil sand tailings that could become a major source of MK. This paper summarizes the behaviour of calcined fine tailings (CFT) as a supplementary cementing material in high-performance concrete and compares its performance to that of MK and silica fume (SF). It was found that CFT has excellent pozzolanic activity in concrete, making it an environmentally friendly and potentially cost effective supplement.     

纳米SiO2对钢渣水泥基胶凝材料的影响

钢渣和水泥具有相似的矿物组成,可以作为一种潜在的胶凝材料,然而钢渣掺量较高时并不利于混凝土早期性能的发展。以钢渣质量分数为30%的钢渣水泥基胶凝材料为研究对象,探讨纳米SiO₂对其早期性能的影响。主要通过测量流动度、凝结时间和抗压强度评估物理力学性能,并利用微量热分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DSC-TG)等方法对掺有纳米SiO₂的钢渣水泥基胶凝材料的水化过程和水化产物进行分析。结果表明,当纳米SiO₂掺入的质量分数为3%时,纳米SiO₂可充分发挥火山灰活性,消耗大量Ca(OH)₂,同时由于纳米SiO₂颗粒的结晶成核作用和微集料填充作用,促进了钢渣和水泥的水化,水化初期的放热速率有所提高,从而提高钢渣水泥基胶凝材料的力学性能,28 d的抗压强度提高了14.0%。     

偏高岭土对蒸养混凝土强度和毛细吸水性的影响

采用偏高岭土等矿物掺合料等量取代30%水泥研究了蒸养混凝土强度和毛细吸水性,并通过热重、差热分析和电镜探讨了作用机理。结果表明,偏高岭土对提高蒸养混凝土的脱模强度效果显著,复掺10%粉煤灰和20%偏高岭土的蒸养混凝土脱模强度比空白蒸养混凝土强度高23%,比复掺粉煤灰和矿渣的高17%;掺入粉煤灰、矿渣和偏高岭土都降低了混凝土的毛细吸水性,且掺偏高岭土混凝土试件的早期水吸附速率及总的吸水量均为最低;热分析和电镜观察表明,在蒸养60℃温度的热激发下,偏高岭土早期与水泥水化产物氢氧化钙发生火山灰反应是脱模强度高的主要原因,火山灰反应消耗了氢氧化钙,生成了更多的水化产物,混凝土更为致密。     

Exploitation of poor Greek kaolins: strength development of metakaolin concrete and evaluation by means of k-value

In this paper, the effect of metakaolin on concrete properties is investigated. A poor Greek kaolin was thermally treated at defined conditions, and the produced metakaolin was superfine ground. In addition, a commercial metakaolin of high purity was used. Eight mixture proportions were used to produce high-performance concrete, where metakaolin replaced either cement or sand in percentages of 10% or 20% by weight of the control cement content. The strength development of metakaolin concrete was evaluated using the efficiency factor (k-value). The produced metakaolin as well as the commercial one imparts a similar behavior with respect to the concrete strength. Both metakaolins exhibit very high k-values (close to 3.0 at 28 days) and are characterised as highly reactive pozzolanic materials that can lead to concrete production with an excellent performance.     

Property improvement of Portland cement by incorporating with metakaolin and slag

The physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement (PC) containing metakaolin (MK) or combination of MK and slag and the compatibility between such materials and superplasticizers were investigated in present study. After MK was incorporated into PC, the compressive strength of the blended cement was enhanced. However, the fluidity of MK blended cement became poorer than that of PC at the same dosage of superplasticizer and the same water/binder ratio. When both MK (10%) and ultra-fine slag (20% or 30%) were incorporated into PC together, not only the compressive strength of the blended cement was increased, but also the fluidity of the blended cement paste was improved comparing to MK blended cement. This indicates that ultra-fine slag can improve the physical and mechanical properties of MK blended cement. The physical and chemical effects of two mineral admixtures were also discussed.