羟肟酸类捕收剂性质及浮选钨矿物特性

通过对羟肟酸类捕收剂性质和羟肟酸类捕收剂与钨矿物作用特性的描述,表明羟肟酸浮选钨矿物最佳pH在pKa附近,此时药剂吸附量最大,ζ电位更负,羟肟酸与矿物表面金属或金属离子羟基化合物发生螯合反应。同时吸附试验结果表明羟肟酸在钨矿物表面的吸附主要为化学吸附,同时存在不均匀、物理吸附,最终形成多层吸附。     

硫化矿浮选体系中滑石的可浮性研究

文章通过浮选试验、接触角测量等研究了硫化矿浮选体系中滑石的可浮性。研究结果表明:滑石具有不受pH影响的天然可浮性,硫化矿浮选体系中戊基钾黄药(PAX)和金属离子不会影响滑石的可浮性;滑石层面接触角约为69°,端面接触角低于层面,约小10°,弱碱性条件下PAX和金属离子不会影响滑石的表面润湿性;弱碱性硫化矿浮选体系中滑石具有良好的可浮性。     

Flotation of Algae,Bacteria and Other Microorganisms

Flotation of microorganisms is reviewed while at the same time recent developments in use of these organisms to concentrate heavy metal ions arc noted. Consideration is given to the nature of the organisms' surfaces and how these surfaces should influence their flotation characteristics. Past work on the electrokinetic properties of microorganisms is reviewed. The potential effect of heavy metal ions on surface and flotation properties of the organisms is discussed. Although work has not been performed to date on combining microorganism concentration of metal ions with froth flotation, the combination may prove to be an attractive means of treating metal containing waste streams.     

The Aqueous and Surface Chemistry of Activation in the Flotation of Sulphide Minerals—A Review. Part II: A Surface Precipitation Model

The activation of sulphide minerals by heavy metal ions at medium to alkaline pH solutions is reviewed. The pH-dependent characteristics of adsorption are identically indicated by adsorption isotherms, surface potential and flotation responses. The mechanisms involved are explored. It is found that the initial adsorption process is controlled essentially by surface precipitation of the activator hydroxide. The real activation of flotation is obtained during the second stage—the surface conversion step. The industrial practice of activation and flotation with a highly alkaline solution highlights the proposed model and mechanisms. The mechanism underlying the intermediate pH depression of flotation of the activated mineral is discussed.     

Mathematical modeling and computer simulation of the rotating impeller particle flotation process: Part I. Fluid flow

Removal of unwanted particles from molten metal by flotation is one of the most useful melt cleansing techniques used by the foundry industry. An effective way of flotation of particles in a melt relies on purging a gas into the molten metal through holes in a rotating impeller. Impeller rotation creates turbulence inside the melt, which helps agglomerate the impurity particles and, thereby, enhances their removal from the melt. In addition, turbulence increases the probability of particles attaching to the rising gas bubbles and, therefore, enhances the chance of their removal from the molten metal. A mathematical model has been developed to simulate the turbulent multiphase flow field inside the flotation treatment furnace. Simulations based on the model were used to demonstrate the effect of the various process parameters on the performance of a batch-type rotating impeller particle flotation process.     

从超细粒高铅锌氰化尾渣中浮选回收有价金属的试验研究

从超细粒氰化尾渣中回收有价元素是浮选中的难题,目前采用的方法主要是先加入氧化剂预处理脱氰,再加入捕收剂浮选。然而,该工艺存在药剂成本高、氰化物无法循环使用及矿物表面二次氧化等问题。以山东某高铅锌氰化尾渣为研究对象,在不脱氰的条件下,以氰化贫液为浮选用水,通过浮选试验和闭路试验等方法研究氰化尾渣的浮选回收效果。试验结果表明,在不脱氰的条件下,可浮选回收铅锌,铅精矿铅品位为56.61%,回收率为89.04%;锌精矿锌品位为32.6%,回收率为74.5%。SEM显微镜研究表明,铅精矿中铜矿物表面包裹一层小颗粒方铅矿,改变了黄铜矿界面性质,使得铜矿物表面特性趋于方铅矿界面性质,导致铜矿物大部分进入铅精矿中。     

Environmental leaching behaviour of copper-nickel bearing Duluth gabbro and flotation tailings

The leaching characteristics of copper-nickel bearing Duluth gabbro and flotation tailings in contact with water were studied in the laboratory through agitation leaching in shake flasks (up to 8 months) and percolation leaching in columns (up to 96 months). The influence of sulphur content and bacterial activity on acid generation and heavy metal ion release from the above materials was assessed and the acid buffering characteristics of typical flotation tailings were evaluated, along with those of constituent minerals such as olivine, plagioclase and biotite separated from the tailings.Duluth gabbro copper-nickel ores and flotation tailings exhibit good acid-neutralizing capacity and equilibrate with water at neutral or mildly alkaline pH levels. The presence of bacterial activity significantly increases acid production and metal ion release and there is a direct relationship between percent sulphur and the acid generation trend. External additions of calcite or mottled taconite tails to the gabbro and tailings reduce heavy metal ion release substantially and arrest acid generation efficiently.     

Microbes Assisted Mineral Flotation a Future Prospective for Mineral Processing Industries: A Review

The latest advancements in mineral biotechnology developed environmental benign microbial flotation processes for mineral beneficiation. Several studies were conducted to evaluate the microbes and microbial metabolites as flotation reagents for separation of gangue materials from valuable minerals. The available scientific literatures on microbial flotation process suggest that, interactions of minerals with cells of certain bacteria and microbial metabolites have a significant effect on their surface properties. As a consequence, bacterial cells belong to genera Acidithiobacillus, Leptospirillum, Mycobacterium, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus, etc., and microbial metabolites such as bio-surfactants, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and nucleic acid have been used as collectors and surface modifiers in the mineral flotation process. The characteristic properties of the microbial surfactants such as their abilities to lower surface tensions and foaming capacity prompted their application as frother in mineral flotation process. To date, microbial flotations have primarily studied in laboratory scale; however, there is ample scope to expand this eco-friendly process for mineral processing industries. The current review addresses the recent developments and applications of microorganisms and bio-molecules in mineral flotation processes.     

高锰酸钾强化海藻酸钠抑制闪锌矿浮选的作用及机理

通过浮选试验、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析和吸附量测试分析,研究了高锰酸钾和海藻酸钠对黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿三种硫化矿物浮选的影响,考察了高锰酸钾强化海藻酸钠抑制闪锌矿浮选的作用机理。浮选试验结果表明,单独使用高锰酸钾或海藻酸钠均无法实现对闪锌矿的选择性抑制。同时添加适量高锰酸钾和海藻酸钠对闪锌矿具有选择性的协同抑制作用,而对黄铜矿和方铅矿浮选的影响较小。XPS分析结果表明,海藻酸钠与闪锌矿表面氧化产生的氧化锌、氢氧化锌或硫酸锌等氧化物发生化学吸附,而不与未氧化的闪锌矿表面发生吸附。吸附量测试结果表明,高锰酸钾对闪锌矿的预先氧化作用显著增加了海藻酸钠在闪锌矿表面的吸附量,因此高锰酸钾可以强化海藻酸钠对闪锌矿的抑制作用。      

STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION OF ALKYL PHOSPHORIC ACID ESTER IN THE FLOTATION OF WOLFRAMITE

The application of alkyl phosphoric acid ester for the flotation of wolframite was investigated. The studies include flotation of pure wolframite as a function of pulp pH, surfactant concentration, and particle size. The response contours were explained on the basis of solution properties of alkyl phosphoric acid ester. The performance of alkyl phosphoric acid collector has been compared with other commercially used wolframite flotation reagents. The efficacy of the reagent was also tested using a low-grade quartz vein type tungsten ore (WO₃ 0.2%) having wolframite as the chief tungsten-bearing mineral. Different parameters that influence the flotation selectivity (pH, collector and dispersant dosage, kinetics) were investigated in the bench scale studies. A continuous flotation test with a reagent regime of alkyl phosphoric acid collector-sodium silicofluoride modifier—amyl alcohol frother—gave a float product analyzing WO₃ 8% with 68% overall recovery after multistage flotation. The tungsten metal values from this cleaner float can be extracted efficiently using established hydrometallurgical methods.     

The Aqueous and Surface Chemistry of Activation in the Flotation of Sulphide Minerals—A Review. Part I: An Electrochemical Model

The activation of sulphide minerals by heavy metal ions in acidic pH solutions has been reviewed from an electrochemical point of view. It is shown that the well-documented ion-exchange model is oversimplified. Surface oxidation of the mineral and reduction of the activator metal ions occur during the activation processes. Activation in an oxygen-deficient system leads to the formation of a sulphur-rich surface and results in activation-induced flotation. The overall process of activation is controlled by a mixed-potential mechanism.     

闪速浮选工艺在甘肃某金矿选矿厂的应用

闪速浮选工艺能够显著提升大比重矿物和嵌布粒度不均匀有色金属硫化矿石的金属回收率,可有效减少有用矿物的过磨问题,提高浮选速度,同时所消耗的浮选药剂相对较少,因此其生产能力优于常规浮选机。为解决甘肃某金矿选矿厂面临的矿石性质变化及矿石过粉碎现象严重造成金属流失等问题,采用闪速浮选技术对现有浮选工艺进行流程改造,在不影响生产的前提下提高矿石处理量120 t/d,提高金属矿石回收率4.61%,矿山技术指标和经济效益显著提升,值得类似矿山借鉴参考。     

碳酸钠对白钨矿自载体浮选的影响及机理

-10 μm白钨矿的浮选回收率低, 导致大量白钨矿损失于尾矿中, 造成资源浪费, 而载体浮选是提高-10 μm白钨矿回收率的有效方法之一.根据粒级以及粒级组成对白钨矿浮选的影响, 通过浮选试验、理论计算和仪器检测等方法研究了-10 μm细粒级白钨矿的自载体浮选, 同时研究了载体比例、载体含量和碳酸钠对白钨矿自载体浮选的影响.研究结果表明, 油酸钠为捕收剂时, 在合适的载体粒度和载体比例下, 自载体浮选是提高-10 μm白钨矿回收率的有效方法, 碳酸钠可强化白钨矿的自载体浮选, 扩大载体比例和载体粒度范围.机理研究表明, 白钨矿      

Basic foundations of selection and joint application of selective collectors and flotation depressants of sulfide minerals with close physicochemical properties

Mechanisms of interaction between different classes of collectors and flotation depressants of sulfide ores are investigated. Optimal conditions for the selective flotation of sulfide mineral complexes with the use of sulfohydrophilic collectors based on dithiophosphates are determined. As selective depressants, KMTs (cellulose-hydroxiacetic acid sodium salt) modified by heavy metal salts is used. Combinations and ratios of the collector and depressant, at which active flotation of some sulfide minerals and depression of others occur, are determined. Technological studies for various types of ores confirmed the results of theoretical experiments.     

RECOVERY OF CLEAN COAL FINES THROUGH A COMBINATION OF GRAVITY CONCENTRATOR AND FLOTATION PROCESSES

Flotation feed is a mixture of coarse and ultra-fine fractions. During conditioning of the flotation feed with collector and frother, the finer fraction consumes more reagents as compared to coarser particles. This is mainly due to more specific surface area of the ultra fine than the coarse fraction. This favors the adsorption of reagents toward ultra-finer fractions leads to less complete surface coverage of coarse particles and more entrainment of finer gangue particles. This results in the lower yield of coarse fractions from the flotation circuit and loss in selectivity. Hence, the major challenge is to improve the recovery of the coarser fraction and selectivity of ultra-fine fractions by improving flotation kinetics of all size fractions. This article deals with an approach to overcome the improper reagent adsorption by fine and coarse coal fractions in the flotation circuit through an innovative washing circuit containing gravity operation and flotation processes. Flotation performance between a new washing circuit having stub cyclone and flotation and normal single-stage reagent addition flotation process is compared in terms of selectivity, separation efficiency, rate constant, and size-wise recovery. The washing circuit having stub cyclone and flotation processes improves the fine clean coal yield by 10% and reduces the consumption of reagent compared to the normal single-stage reagent addition flotation process.     

钨钼铋综合回收选矿试验研究

为解决钨钼铋金属的综合回收，通过一系列选矿试验，探索出了全浮选回收钼铋、浮选＋重选回收白钨选矿工艺，获得了较好的选矿试验指标，选矿试验研究取得成功。     

多硫离子硫化技术及其应用

针对低品位氧化金属矿和含氧盐金属矿浮选,提出了一种多硫离子硫化技术。研究表明：以S2-和S2-为主体的多硫离子硫化剂,在矿浆中对碱金属和碱土金属以外的其他主族金属和副族金属元素,具有比单硫离子更强的氧化和螯合力,进而形成四元环和五元环的多硫离子配合物。这种多硫离子配合物,在酸性、中性或碱性矿浆环境下,紧密附着在目标矿石和矿物表面,形成具有较强疏水性的多硫离子硫化物膨化包层,为高效回收低品位氧化金属矿和含氧盐金属矿创造了必要条件。     

硝酸钾 碘化钾 十八烷基三甲基溴化铵微晶

建立了一种微晶吸附体系浮选分离铅的新方法。探讨了不同影响因素,如碘化钾溶液用量、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（OTMAB）溶液用量、各种盐和酸度等对Pb2+浮选率的影响,探讨了Pb2+的浮选分离机理。结果表明,在最佳条件下,十八烷基三甲基溴化铵阳离子(OTMAB+)与I-反应产生OTMAB+·I-微晶物质。由Pb2+和I-生成的PbI2+4,再与OTMAB+形成的不溶于水的三元缔合物(OTMAB)2(PbI4)被定量吸附在OTMAB+·I-微晶物质表面且被浮选至盐水相中,而Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Al3+等离子不被浮选,实现了Pb2+与这些离子的定量分离,据此建立了微晶吸附体系浮选分离Pb2+的新方法。该方法用于合成水样中Pb2+的定量浮选分离测定,浮选率为950%～1052%。     

甘肃某白钨矿石工艺矿物学研究

从工艺矿物学的角度,研究甘肃省某白钨矿石的矿物学特性与选矿的关系。研究结果表明,该白钨矿石金属硫化矿物含量低,脉石矿物贫铁、钙,白钨矿细-微细粒嵌布,适宜采用浮选方法回收白钨矿,鳞片状绢云母和叶蜡石对白钨浮选具有一定的干扰作用。     

Coupling of CFD and PBE Calculations to Simulate the Behavior of an Inclusion Population in a Gas-Stirring Ladle

Gas-stirring ladle treatment of liquid metal has been pointed out for a long time as the processing stage is mainly responsible for the inclusion population of specialty steels. A steel ladle is a complex three-phase reactor, where strongly dispersed inclusions are transported by the turbulent liquid metal/bubbles flow. We have coupled a population balance model with CFD in order to simulate the mechanisms of transport, aggregation, flotation, and surface entrapment of inclusions. The simulation results, when applied to an industrial gas-stirring ladle operation, show the efficiency of this modeling approach and allow us to compare the respective roles of these mechanisms on the inclusion removal rate. The comparison with literature reporting data emphasizes the good prediction of deoxidating rate of the ladle. On parallel, a simplified zero-dimensional model has been set-up incorporating the same kinetics law for the aggregation rate and all the removal mechanisms. A particular attention has been paid on the averaging method of the hydrodynamics parameters introduced in the flotation and kinetics kernels.