模板辅助sol-gel法制备高比表面积、高磁性能纳米CoFe_2O_4材料

以金属硝酸盐和柠檬酸为主要原料,医用脱脂棉为模板,通过简单易行的模板辅助sol-gel法来制备高比表面积、高磁性能纳米CoFe2O4材料.采用XRD,TEM,BET,VSM和Easy heat等方法研究了模板和热处理温度对所得材料组成、微观结构、磁性能和磁加热效率等的影响.结果表明:添加模板有利于获得不含杂质相的尖晶石型纳米磁性CoFe2O4颗粒,随热处理温度的升高,颗粒的平均晶粒尺寸逐渐增加,比表面积减小.未添加模板的纳米颗粒存在较为严重的堆积现象,添加模板后所得CoFe2O4颗粒呈近似椭球形,不同颗粒之间首尾相接,类似线形,团聚程度明显下降.添加模板后800℃热处理所得试样的平均晶粒尺寸约为70.0nm,比表面积为23.7m2/g,饱和磁化强度为79.0emu/g,剩磁强度为37.1emu/g,矫顽力为856.4G,磁加热速率为2.95℃/s,均显著高于相同热处理温度下未加模板所制备的铁氧体颗粒.最后对类线形纳米CoFe2O4的形成过程进行了探讨.     

超声波辅助水热合成条件对Fe3O4纳米微粒生长及磁性的影响

以FeCl3.6H2O,FeCl2.4H2O和NH3.H2O为原料,在超声波辅助下,用水热法合成了纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子,借助X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）仪及振动样品磁强计（VSM）对产物Fe3O4进行分析,结果表明,当反应物物质的量之比（n（Fe^3＋）/n（Fe^2＋））为1.75,pH=13得到的前驱物,控制水热合成温度为140-160℃,水热处理时间为3-5 h时,可制备出纯相的反尖晶石结构的Fe3O4纳米微粒,随着水热合成温度的升高和时间的延长晶体发育越完整,平均粒径越大.磁性测量表明,饱和磁化强度和矫顽力也随着Fe3O4纳米微粒平均粒径的增大而增大.     

纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒的制备及磁性能

采用X-ray衍射、高能X-ray衍射、透射电子显微镜及振动样品磁量计等表征手段,研究了不同制备工艺对Fe3O4纳米粒子的平均晶粒尺寸及磁性能的影响.结果表明多元醇方法所制备的Fe3O4粉体平均粒径为32 nm,其饱和磁化强度为6.8×10-3A/m(该值比块体Fe3O4的饱和磁化强度约降低了8%),剩磁Mr=4.2×10-3A/m,矫顽力Hc=1.43×10-2T;通过共沉淀方法得到的Fe3O4粉体平均粒径显著减小为7 nm,但是其饱和磁化强度也明显降低为3.3×10-4A/m,比块体Fe3O4的饱和磁化强度减小约96%,剩磁及矫顽力也下降为零.这是由于小尺寸效应导致出现超顺磁现象,说明Fe...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备CoFe2O4/TiO2纳米复合薄膜及其磁性能研究

以钛酸丁酯和金属盐酸盐为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺成功制备了磁性CoFe2O4/TiO2复合薄膜.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD) 、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析探讨了复合薄膜相结构和表面形貌,使用振动样品磁场计(VSM)测试样品磁性能.研究发现:复合薄膜中两相组分晶体各自析出长大,没有生成新的物相,薄膜生长过程中TiO2网状结构起到控制CoFe2O4的晶粒大小的作用.对比不同温度下薄膜的形貌,得出薄膜的形貌对热处理温度依赖性较大,前驱液为pH =2-3、热处理温度为800℃时,可得到平整的纳米CoFe2O4/TiO2磁性复合薄膜.随着热处理温度的升高,复合薄膜的磁性增强.     

钴铁氧体复合纳米颗粒的制备及其磁性

通过溶胶凝胶法制备尖晶石CoFe2O4/α-Fe复合纳米颗粒体系,用X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计对样品的结构和磁性进行了研究.这种新型材料具有较高的饱和磁化强度Ms(51.44 A.m2/kg)和矫顽力Hc(10.8×104 A/m),最大磁能积(BHmax)相比同样方法制备的纯CoFe2O4有较大的提高.磁性能的改善可能来源于处于内层的CoFe2O4与外壳层的α-Fe之间的交换耦合作用.     

CoFe2O4磁性液体冰冻前后的磁性

 介绍了Massart法制备CoFe2O4磁性液体的方法。用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜测量CoFe2O4微粒的结构、粒径,表明微粒粒径呈对数正态分布,平均粒径为12.76nm,平均晶粒粒径为11.15nm。利用振动样品磁强计,在室温下测量CoFe2O4微粒的磁化曲线和体积分数为1%、1.2%、1.5%的磁性液体冰冻前后的磁化曲线。结果表明,磁性液体饱和磁化强度明显小于等量磁性微粒的饱和磁化强度?准VMps,冰冻后磁性液体的饱和磁化强度大于冰冻前磁性液体的饱和磁化强度。其原因是,磁性液体中存在块状、链状、环状团聚体,其中块状和环状团聚体导致饱和磁化强度降低;在磁性液体冰冻过程中,由于水分子的作用环状团聚体破裂成链,使压缩参数?酌变大,导致冰冻后磁性液体饱和磁化强度增大。     

CoNi微米／纳米复合结构的合成及其磁性能

采用液相法制备出一种CoNi微米/纳米复合结构前驱体,在还原和氧化2种热处理气氛下,得到CoNi微米/纳米复合结构.采用差热分析(TG DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱(EDS)、场发射扫描电镜(FE SEM)以及振动试样磁强计(VSM)等对2种气氛下的产物进行形貌表征、物相分析以及磁性能表征.研究结果表明,CoNi微米/纳米典型的复合结构小球,直径3～5 μm,氧化产物NiCo2O4的矫顽力为51.07 Oe,饱和磁化强度2.31 emu/g.还原产物CoNi的矫顽力为190.65 Oe,饱和磁化强度107.19 emu/g.     

ZnxFe3-xO4磁性液体的制备及性能研究

利用改进的化学共沉淀法制备ZnxFe3-xO4(x＝0.1～0.3)纳米颗粒,研究了Z2+n的摩尔比对ZnxFe3-xO4纳米颗粒比饱和磁化强度的影响;选择饱和磁化强度最大的Zn0.2Fe2.8O4纳米粉体,制备了煤油基磁性液体,对其饱和磁化强度、黏度等性质进行研究;结果表明当x为0.2时,饱和磁化强度达到最大,为63.07Am2/kg;合成的磁性液体在外磁场作用下显出超顺磁性,其比饱和磁化强度随密度的增大而增大,最大可达29.93 Am2/kg;随着温度的升高,磁性液体的黏度下降,质量浓度越大,其下降速度越快,在30℃时,当质量浓度小于0.28g/mL时,磁性液体呈现牛顿流体特性,当质量浓度大于0.28g/mL时,牛顿流体特性消失.     

自组织纳米复合薄膜BiFeO3-CoFe2O4的微结构与相成分

采用先进电子显微术在原子尺度研究了(001)单晶SrTiO3衬底上生长的纳米复合薄膜0.65BiFeO3-0.35CoFe2O4的组织形态以及界面结构.BiFeO3 (BFO)和CoFe2O4(CFO)两相在外延生长过程中自发相分离,形成自组织的复合纳米结构.磁性尖晶石CFO呈方块状均匀分布于铁电钙钛矿BFO基体中,并沿[001]方向外延生长,形成垂直的柱状纳米结构.两相具有简单的立方-立方取向关系,即[001]BFO//[001]CFO和(100)BFo//(100)cFo,且界面为{110}晶面.薄膜表面起伏不平,形成CFO{111}小刻面而BFO则为平整的(001)表面.能谱分析结果表明各相成分均匀分布并无明显的元素互扩散发生.     

Dy3+掺杂对Fe3O4纳米粒子磁性能的影响

为提高Fe3O4纳米粒子的磁性能,研究了Dy3 掺杂对Fe3O4纳米粒子宏观磁性及粒径的影响。适量的掺杂可使Fe3O4粒子的粒径增大,饱和磁化强度提高。过量的掺杂不会引起粒径的进一步增大,但会引起饱和磁化强度的下降。在反应温度为55℃,搅拌转速900 r/min,反应时间1.5 h,掺镝量为12.17%的条件下,用化学共沉淀法制备出平均粒径为18.6 nm、饱和磁化强度可达168.73 mT的镝铁氧体粒子。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-