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海洋天然气水合物调查地震采集技术——调查初始阶段研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地震调查方法在水合物中的应用分为两个主要阶段:调查初始阶段和调查深入阶段。调查初始阶段以“突出天然气水合物的四大主要识别标志(似海底反射、振幅空白带、穿层特征、振幅和速度结构异常)”为主要目的,为资料的处理、解释提供丰富的地震信息。从而圈定天然气水合物富集程度高、成藏条件好的“目标”靶区,开展深入调查,更好地展现“天然气水合物矿体立体上的形态特征”,了解“水合物矿体的厚度、顶底界面及富集程度”。文中从震源技术研究、高分辨率地震调查技术的调谐组合参数研究和野外施工方法等方面的内容出发,根据大量野外技术试验资料和有关科研成果,总结了在天然气水合物调查初始阶段的特点及相应的地震调查技术。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(10)
本文总结了深水区12种主要灾害地质因素的成因、危害及其识别方法,介绍了深水钻井环境因素调查评价的主要方法,包括:水文气象桌面研究、利用油气勘探三维地震资料进行深水浅层地质致灾因素评价、水文气象现场观测、深水工程物探调查和深水工程地质勘察等,建立了深水钻井环境因素调查评价的总体流程。有别于浅水钻井井场调查,深水钻井环境因素调查评价应遵循"从区域到局部,由面到点,先概略后精细"的原则,从海区、勘查区、三维地震调查区、井场区、井位等不同层次,分别采用分析文献资料、利用油气勘探三维地震资料进行浅层地质致灾因素评价以及进行井场外业调查等方式进行研究,充分利用上一层次的研究成果,用于指导下一层次的研究。采用这种方法,既能不失全貌,满足对较大范围环境因素概貌的掌握,又能经济地、有针对性的实现对重点区域、部位的精细调查评价。同时,要特别重视利用油气勘探三维地震资料进行浅层地质致灾因素评价,它是研究深水地质灾害的重要手段,而且根据实际情况,能替代部分甚至全部的井场外业调查。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(4)
高分辨率三维海洋反射地震P-cable系统已经成功应用在海底天然气水合物、储层填图和海底灾害的研究中,特别是针对海底气烟囱和泥火山等小目标体的内部结构和空间分布特征的研究。在海底大洋钻探的目标区,P-cable系统能够提供准确的高分辨率的三维地震数据,有利于海底大洋钻探的井位选取和井位钻探时间评估。与常规的工业界使用的长电缆三维海洋反射地震比较,高分辨三维海洋反射地震P-cable系统具有简单、高效和经济实用性的优点,能够更加高效、快捷地为科研人员开展海洋地质和地球物理的研究工作,有助于为今后我国在深潜方面发现的海底"烟囱"开展详细地下高分辨率的三维地震结构调查,成为深潜方面的一个补充和一个强有力的海洋填图工具。依据实例分析并讨论了高分辨的三维海洋地震P-cable系统在海底气烟囱和泥火山内部结构以及空间分布特征方面的应用和科学研究。建议今后在海洋地球物理调查中开展高分辨的三维海洋反射地震调查和研究,特别针对广阔海域陆坡区天然气水合物、海底泥火山和气烟囱以及海底滑坡灾害方面开展更为精细的三维海洋反射地震调查和相关科学问题的研究工作。 相似文献
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海洋高分辨率地震调查主要受震源系统、接收系统、缆源的调谐组合技术、地震记录系统和野外作业条件的影响。缆源的调谐组合技术是整个方法研究最为关键的环节之一。通过对“电缆、震源的沉放深度”等野外参数的合理组合,达到最理想的勘探效果。受地震勘探中“鬼波效应”的影响,缆源的调谐组合参数与地震系统的接收频率直接相关,对地震调查资料影响很大。文中从地震系统的滤波效应、直达波与鬼波传播路径及时间差及野外资料的处理对比和理论计算,分析了直达波和鬼波的综合效应,结果表明理论与实际资料在陷波点及幅频特性方面非常一致。研究结果在“海洋天然气水合物调查”项目中得到了应用,对缆源沉放深度的确定具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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Recently, several countries have conducted projects to explore and develop natural gas hydrate, which is one of the new alternative
energy resources for the future. In Korea, a five-year national research project was initiated in 2000. As part of this project,
a seismic survey was performed in the East Sea of Korea to quantify the potential magnitude and distribution of natural gas
hydrates. Multi-channel seismic data and core samples have been acquired and recovered in the survey area. Analysis of seismic
data show clear bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs), seismic blank zones (or wipe-out zones) with velocity pull-up structure,
and pock-marks. In this study, we present the results of seismic surveys which indicate the existence of natural gas hydrates
in Korean offshore areas. These results will be applied to select areas for coring (or drilling) and detailed exploration
such as 2D seismic survey with long offset or 3D seismic in the future. 相似文献
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In the austral summer of 2007, 20.5 km of high-resolution over-sea-ice seismic reflection data were collected in the Granite
Harbor region of southern McMurdo Sound over the Mackay Sea Valley. The goal of the survey was to image thin pelagic sediment
deposited in the Mackay Sea Valley after the Last Glacial Maximum. A generator–injector air gun was lowered beneath the sea
ice through holes drilled by an auger drill system. The recording system was a 60 channel snow streamer with vertically oriented
gimbaled geophones spaced 25 m apart. Unique problems in the over-sea-ice seismic reflection survey—noise from the ice column
flexing and timing delays caused by trapped air at previous shot points—were overcome to improve the quality of the seismic
data. The Mackay Sea Valley survey produced seismic data with a vertical resolution of 6.3 m. The processed seismic data show
pelagic sediment thickness of up to 50 m within the Mackay Sea Valley with some locations showing possible older sediments
beneath the pelagic sediment layer. 相似文献
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在天然气水合物勘探中,海底的泥底辟和泥火山构造是重要的研究对象。在高分辨率地震剖面解释中,直接识别泥底辟构造存在一定困难,主要表现为泥底辟构造和火成岩侵入体在形态上十分相似,容易造成解释的多解性。本文就目前天然气水合物调查中存在的这些特殊技术问题,通过对海上高精度磁力测量技术方法研究,在南海北部东沙海域的海上试验,试验结果的系统研究分析以及磁测和地震剖面两种手段的综合解释,成功地尝试了用高精度海洋磁测成果中的磁力总场和梯度变化特征来识别水合物勘探中高分辨率地震剖面上的泥底辟构造真伪的技术方法。 相似文献
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天然气水合物BSR的识别与地震勘探频率 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
地震勘探是调查天然气水合物广泛使用而有效的方法,而BSR是水合物赋存的主要标志.通过对实际调查资料的分析对比,结合国外的调查研究成果,探讨了地震勘探频率在BSR识别中的影响和作用,提出了在我国海洋天然气水合物的地震调查中有利于BSR识别的合适的频率范围. 相似文献
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在天然气水合物勘探中,海底的泥底辟和泥火山构造是重要的研究对象。在高分辨率地震剖面解释中,直接识别泥底辟构造存在一定困难,主要因为泥底辟构造和火成岩侵入体在形态上十分相似,容易造成解释的多解性。本文就目前天然气水合物调查中存在的这些特殊技术问题。通过对海上高精度磁力测量技术方法研究、广州海洋地质调查局“海洋四号”船在南海北部东沙海域的海上试验、对试验结果的系统研究分析以及磁测和地震剖面两种手段的综合解释,成功地尝试了用高精度海洋磁测成果中的磁力总场和梯度变化特征来识别水合物勘探中高分辨率地震剖面上的泥底辟构造真伪的技术方法。 相似文献
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南黄海以往一般采用单时窗合成地震记录,即对测井曲线求得反射系数与理论子波进行褶积,但由于地层浅部和深部的频率不同,导致合成地震记录和实际地震剖面吻合得不好.提出了对地震资料采用分时窗提取子波合成地震记录的方法,从井旁地震道提取地震子波进行频谱分析,地层浅部和深部地震子波的主频和波形不同,并考虑时延特性,采用分析结果的地... 相似文献
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G. Leitchenkov J. Guseva V. Gandyukhin G. Grikurov Y. Kristoffersen M. Sand A. Golynsky N. Aleshkova 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2008,29(2):135-158
About 16,000 km of multichannel seismic (MCS), gravity and magnetic data and 28 sonobuoys were acquired in the Riiser-Larsen
Sea Basin and across the Gunnerus and Astrid Ridges, to study their crustal structure. The study area has contrasting basement
morphologies and crustal thicknesses. The crust ranges in thickness from about 35 km under the Riiser-Larsen Sea shelf, 26–28 km
under the Gunnerus Ridge, 12–17 km under the Astrid Ridge, and 9.5–10 km under the deep-water basin. A 50-km-wide block with
increased density and magnetization is modeled from potential field data in the upper crust of the inshore zone and is interpreted
as associated with emplacement of mafic intrusions into the continental margin of the southern Riiser-Larsen Sea. In addition
to previously mapped seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies in the western Riiser-Larsen Sea, a linear succession from M2 to
M16 is identified in the eastern Riiser-Larsen Sea. In the southwestern Riiser-Larsen Sea, a symmetric succession from M24B
to 24n with the central anomaly M23 is recognized. This succession is obliquely truncated by younger lineation M22–M22n. It
is proposed that seafloor spreading stopped at about M23 time and reoriented to the M22 opening direction. The seismic stratigraphy
model of the Riiser-Larsen Sea includes five reflecting horizons that bound six seismic units. Ages of seismic units are determined
from onlap geometry to magnetically dated oceanic basement and from tracing horizons to other parts of the southern Indian
Ocean. The seaward edge of stretched and attenuated continental crust in the southern Riiser-Larsen Sea and the landward edge
of unequivocal oceanic crust are mapped based on structural and geophysical characteristics. In the eastern Riiser-Larsen
Sea the boundary between oceanic and stretched continental crust is better defined and is interpreted as a strike-slip fault
lying along a sheared margin. 相似文献
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为揭示南海南部陆缘的地壳结构, 研究其张裂-破裂机制, 开展共轭陆缘对比, 我们在南沙地块礼乐西海槽附近的洋陆转换带上完成了OBS2019-2测线的探测工作。相较于北部陆缘, 南部陆缘已有的海底地震仪(ocean bottom seismometer, OBS)测线较少, 对深部地壳结构的研究也较少, 因此OBS2019-2测线就尤为重要。文章重点阐述了OBS2019-2测线的数据处理工作, 包括UKOOA文件制作、数据格式转换、位置校正、单个台站综合地震记录剖面的生成等, 然后在剖面图中对各类深部震相(Pg、PcP、PmP、Pn)进行识别追踪, 并建立初步的模型; 使用Rayinvr软件进行走时试算工作, 验证了震相识别的准确性。处理结果显示OBS2019-2测线的深部震相清晰, 最远震相可以连续追踪到120km以外, 数据整体质量良好, 能为后续速度建模和构造解释等工作提供坚实基础。 相似文献
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This article discusses an effective way to study deep-water current activity with the sedimentary features of seabed sediments. In the paper, we have processed a seismic survey line crossing the Northwest sub-basin of the South China Sea (SCS). In the seismic profile, we can clearly distinguish the contourite sediment waves and find the erosion scope formed by the deep-water bottom current. Combining the analytic result of piston cores sediments in the research area, we can conclude that the deep-water current is the contour current. It enters the SCS through the narrow Bashi Channel and then it flows to the southwest direction along the isobaths of Dongsha uplift and Southern uplift, but there isn't direct evidence to explain that bottom current flows to the direction of the deep-sea basin. The conclusion confirms former speculation about the passage of deep-water current and provides an important foundation to construct the whole structure of deep-water circulation for the SCS. 相似文献