克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折不同进针方式的比较

目的 通过克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折两种进针方式的疗效比较,探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折内固定方式的选择.方法 在2004年1月至2009年1月收治的肱骨髁上骨折患儿中,选择骨折类型相似,而克氏针进针方式不同(内外交叉固定及外侧平行克氏针固定)两组共64例患儿.按照Gartland分型,内、外交叉克氏针固定组(交叉固定组)38例,其中Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型17例;外侧平行克氏针固定组(外侧进针组)26例,Ⅱ型18例,Ⅲ型8例.并对两组术后功能优良率进行统计学比较.结果 64例患儿术后获得6～54个月(平均26个月)的随访.两组关节功能优良率分别为92.1%和84.6%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但交叉固定组术后出现4例尺神经损伤,外侧进针组则无此情况发生.结论 采用克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,内外交叉和外侧平行进针固定效果相似,但外侧进针操作更简单,且可避免医源性尺神经损伤,是治疗GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折的一种有效方式.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the treatment outcomes of techniques of K-wire fixation for treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures in children and provide guidelines for selection of internal fixation methods for humeral supracondylar fractures in children.Methods Sixty-four cases d humeral supracondlylar fractures in children were treated by K-wire internal fixation from January 2004 to January 2009.They were divided into 2 groups, with similar fracure types distributed to each group.Group one (crisscross K-wire fixation) contained 38 cases among which 21 were Gartlad Ⅱ fractures and 17 were Gartland Ⅲ fractures.Group two (lateral parallel K-wire fixation) cases contained 26 cases among which 18 cases were Gartland Ⅱ fractures and 8 cases were Garland Ⅲ fractures.Postoperative elbow functions were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Statistical analysis of the excellent-good rate was carried out.Results Postoperatively all 64 patients were follow-up for 6 to 54 moths (average 26 months).The excellent-good rate of elbow fiuctions in group one and two was 92.1% and 84.6%, respectively.There was no significant difference in functional recovery between the two fixation methods (P＞ 0.05).However ulnar nerve injury occurred in 4 cases of the crisscross K-wire insertion group, while none occurred in the lateral parallel K-wire insertion group.Conclusion Crisscross and lateral parallel K-wire fixation have similar clinical outcomes in treating humeral supracondylar fiactures in children.Lateral parallel K-wire fixation technique is simpler and can avoid the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.It therefore is an effective method to treat Gartland Ⅱ and Ⅲ supracondylar humerus fractures.     

克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折不同进针方式的比较

Objective To compare the treatment outcomes of techniques of K-wire fixation for treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures in children and provide guidelines for selection of internal fixation methods for humeral supracondylar fractures in children.Methods Sixty-four cases d humeral supracondlylar fractures in children were treated by K-wire internal fixation from January 2004 to January 2009.They were divided into 2 groups, with similar fracure types distributed to each group.Group one (crisscross K-wire fixation) contained 38 cases among which 21 were Gartlad Ⅱ fractures and 17 were Gartland Ⅲ fractures.Group two (lateral parallel K-wire fixation) cases contained 26 cases among which 18 cases were Gartland Ⅱ fractures and 8 cases were Garland Ⅲ fractures.Postoperative elbow functions were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Statistical analysis of the excellent-good rate was carried out.Results Postoperatively all 64 patients were follow-up for 6 to 54 moths (average 26 months).The excellent-good rate of elbow fiuctions in group one and two was 92.1% and 84.6%, respectively.There was no significant difference in functional recovery between the two fixation methods (P＞ 0.05).However ulnar nerve injury occurred in 4 cases of the crisscross K-wire insertion group, while none occurred in the lateral parallel K-wire insertion group.Conclusion Crisscross and lateral parallel K-wire fixation have similar clinical outcomes in treating humeral supracondylar fiactures in children.Lateral parallel K-wire fixation technique is simpler and can avoid the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.It therefore is an effective method to treat Gartland Ⅱ and Ⅲ supracondylar humerus fractures.     

两种克氏针固定方法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折疗效比较

目的：探讨两种克氏针固定方法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法：自2004年1月至2006年12月应用克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折117例,按克氏针固定方式分组：两针组45例,男31例,女14例;年龄1～11岁,平均5.6岁;Garland Ⅱ型19例,Ⅲ型26例。三针组72例,男47例,女25例;年龄2～12岁,平均6.8岁;Garland Ⅱ型22例,Ⅲ型50例。术后测量肘关节屈伸范围及提携角,参照Flynn肱骨髁上骨折疗效评定标准及术后并发症情况,分析两种克氏针内固定方式的疗效。结果：所有患儿均获随访,时间2～24个月,平均15.4个月。两针组45例：优27例,良12例,可4例,差2例,41例术后6周均获得骨性愈合,4例术后1周骨折端移位,固定失败,肘内翻畸形2例。三针组72例：优60例,良11例,差1例,所有患儿术后6周均获得骨性愈合,屈伸活动度经功能锻炼后基本恢复正常,肘内翻畸形1例。结论：克氏针固定是一种稳定而可靠的治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折方法,内外髁三针交叉固定较单纯外髁两针固定有更大的优点。     

克氏针交叉固定治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折126例

肱骨髁上骨折在儿童中常见,是伸直、屈曲或者直接的肘部高能量损伤。伸直型骨折发生的机制是跌倒时患肢在伸直位,该类型骨折只有在屈曲位才能稳定,并可合并髁间骨折或关节内骨折;屈曲型骨折发生的机制是跌倒时肘关节处于屈曲位,该类型骨折在伸直位比较稳定.     

闭合手法复位克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折26例分析

<正>肱骨髁上骨折系指肱骨远端内外髁上方的骨折,多因间接暴力所致,肱骨髁上骨折为儿童常见的肘部损伤,占肘部骨折首位,其中伸直型骨折最多[1]。儿童肱骨髁上骨折处理不当容易引起缺血性肌挛缩,肘内翻畸形。儿童肱骨髁上骨折手术切开复位内固定,其后果易并发肘关节粘连或骨化性肌炎,给患儿遗留终身肘关节功能障碍。2006年1月至2007年6月应用在C形臂X线机下手法复位,经皮于肱骨内外髁上打入2枚克氏针交叉固定技术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,报告如下。     

平滑克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的 探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折应用平滑克氏针内固定治疗方法的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2016年9月-2019年10月收治的儿童肱骨髁上骨折38例,根据骨折损伤情况采用平滑克氏针内固定方法治疗.其中27例闭合牵引复位平滑克氏针内固定,11例切开复位平滑克氏针内固定.结果 38例获6～36个月随访,平均20个月,术后4～10...     

经皮双克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

本院自2000年购置“C”形臂X线机后,对无严重血管神经损伤的儿童肱骨髁上骨折,采用闭合整复透视下双克氏针内固定加石膏托外固定术治疗11例,疗效满意。现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般情况:本组11例,男10例,女1例;年龄5～13岁;平均8岁。其中伸直型10例,屈曲型1例;尺偏10例,桡偏l例。均为跌倒致伤,手术均在伤后2～6小时内完成。1.2手术方法:急诊在臂丛十氯氨酮静脉复合麻醉下,消毒铺无菌巾于肘部。术者及助手洗手后带无菌手套。透视下手法整复骨折端,正侧位X线片示:位置满意后,交叉或平行二枚克氏针(直径2.0～2.5mm)内固定。术后活动肘关节再…     

克氏针张力带内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

肱骨髁上骨折是儿童肘部最常见的骨折,治疗方法较多,疗效差别也较大.自2000年4月～2005年11月,笔者采用外侧切口进针克氏针张力带内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折38例,疗效满意.     

克氏针张力带钢丝内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的:探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗方法及克氏针"8"字张力带钢丝固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法:取肘后切口,行双"8"字张力带钢丝克氏针交叉内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨54例,骨折类型全部为闭合性伸直型损伤。结果:按陆裕朴[1]评定标准,优良率96%,结论:"8"字张力带钢丝克氏针交叉内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,固定牢靠,关节功能恢复好,是治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折的有效方法。     

Lateral versus crossed wire fixation for displaced extension supracondylar humeral fractures in children

Reduction and percutaneous pin fixation is widely accepted treatment for displaced humeral supracondylar fractures in children, but the best pin configuration is still debatable. This study examined the outcome for crossed and lateral pins placement in type IIB and III supracondylar humeral fractures. Clinical notes and radiographs of 131 children with an average age of 6 years were retrospectively reviewed. Lateral pins fixation was used in 66 children and crossed wires in 65. The groups were similar with regard to gender, age, follow-up, severity of displacement and number of closed/open reductions. There was no statistical difference between the two groups either clinically or radiologically in the quality of outcome. However, postoperative ulnar nerve injuries occurred in 6% of patients treated with crossed wire fixation, whilst none of the group with pins inserted laterally suffered this complication. We recommend fixation of displaced humeral supracondylar fractures with two or three lateral pins inserted parallel or in a divergent fashion. This method of fixation gives similar results to crossed wires but prevents iatrogenic ulnar nerve injuries.     

不同复位质量的儿童肱骨髁上骨折对闭合穿针固定的要求

目的 探讨不同复位质量的儿童肱骨髁上骨折闭合穿针固定后再移位原因并提出相应的预防措施.方法 回顾2005年1月～2009年9月,采用闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗的603例Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折患者,年龄1～14岁（平均7岁）.全部患者术中均获得解剖复位或功能复位.受伤至手术的时间：1周以内者507例,解剖复位435例,功能复位72例;超过1周者96例,解剖复位50例,功能复位46例.分别于术后3 d、10 d、3周或4周拍片复查.骨折位置与术中位置不符者归为再移位病例,共36例.按照Sankar分类,穿针失误26例,发生再移位17例,无穿针失误577例,发生再移位19例.107例无穿针失误的功能复位2枚穿针38例,再移位9例;3枚穿针69例,再移位3例.对于上述分类统计的数据采用2检验进行统计学分析,P＜0.05被认为具有统计学差异.结果 伤后1周内治疗者解剖复位率（86%）明显高于1周后治疗者（52%）.穿针失误的再移位率（65%）明显高于无穿针失误者（3.3%）;对于无穿针失误的功能复位者,2枚针的再移位率（24%）明显高于3枚针（4.3%）,差异均具有统计学意义.结论 对于儿童Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折应尽早闭合复位经皮穿针内固定,这样有利于实现解剖复位,增加内在稳定性.对于解剖复位者,避免穿针失误,即可获得骨折位置的稳定.而对于功能复位者,3枚针固定的稳定性优于2枚针.     

闭合复位结合克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

肱骨髁上骨折是最常见的儿童肘部骨折，约占小儿全部肘关节损伤的60％。移位的肱骨髁上骨折保守治疗常可获得满意的临床功能结果，但早期Volkmann挛缩和残余的肘内翻畸形是主要的并发症。以前对有移位的肱骨髁上骨折行闭合复位、经皮克氏针交叉内固定治疗，有效地防止肘内翻畸形、Volkmann挛缩及肘关节功能障碍等并发症的发生，取得了较好效果，但尺神经损伤发生率占3．9％，     

多方向不稳定的儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗

目的探讨急诊手术内固定治疗多方向不稳定的儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法对26例多方向不稳定肱骨髁上骨折患儿采用闭合或切开复位克氏针内固定,术后肘关节屈曲20°～40°位石膏托固定3周后逐步进行功能锻炼。结果26例均得到随访,时间12～50个月,26例均临床愈合,骨折愈合时间4～6周。肘关节功能评价：优23例,良2例,可1例。无畸形愈合、感染、活动受限等并发症发生。结论闭合复位克氏针内固定是治疗多方向不稳定的儿童肱骨髁上骨折的有效方法,尽早复位及稳定固定骨折端,可有效减少或避免并发症的发生,利于肢体功能的恢复。     

后路克氏针内固定治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折

正2008年1月~2014年12月,我科采用后路克氏针内固定治疗34例肱骨髁上骨折患儿,效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组34例,男21例,女13例,年龄6~12岁。均为闭合肱骨髁上骨折。伸直型23例,屈曲型11例。受伤至手术时间6~13 d。1.2治疗方法臂丛麻醉或静脉复合麻醉下手术。肘后侧切口,自鹰咀尖端远侧3~4 cm,于上臂中线向近侧延伸至鹰咀上8~10 cm,显露并整复骨折。由内、外上髁各钻入1枚克氏针,将骨折交叉固定。关闭切口并放置负压引流。     

经皮克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折37例

自2003年3月至2006年3月,采用闭合手法复位、经皮克氏针交叉固定,配合石膏托外固定治疗新鲜移位型肱骨髁上骨折37例,疗效满意,现总结报告如下。     

手法复位外侧经皮穿针内固定治疗儿童移位肱骨髁上骨折

目的:探讨采用手法复位外侧经皮穿针内固定治疗移位肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效。方法:2004年2月至2010年6月对128例移位肱骨髁上骨折采用手法复位外侧经皮穿针内固定治疗,男96例,女32例;年龄2～15岁,平均8岁;均为移位骨折,伸直型112例,屈曲型16例;尺偏型102例,桡偏型26例;全部为闭合性骨折。通过治疗后测量肘关节屈伸范围及提携角,参照Flynn肱骨髁上骨折疗效评定标准及术后并发症情况,分析治疗效果。结果:128例患者均获随访,时间2～36个月,平均16个月。参照Flynn肱骨髁上骨折疗效评定:优116例(90.6%),良11例(8.6%),可1例(0.8%)。无针孔感染、肌缺血性挛缩及尺神经损伤发生。结论:手法复位外侧经皮穿针内固定治疗移位肱骨髁上骨折不但具有操作简单,损伤小,固定牢靠,安全有效且治疗费用低的优点,而且又避免了保守治疗和手术治疗的缺点,是治疗儿童移位性肱骨髁上骨折较好的治疗方法。     

Clinical significance of anterior humeral line in supracondylar humeral fractures in children

IntroductionAnterior humeral line (AHL) location is commonly used to evaluate sagittal alignment after fracture reduction in children with supracondylar humeral fractures. However, the position of the AHL for acceptable fracture reduction has not been validated by clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the location of AHL and range of elbow motion.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 101 children who underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for Gartland type III supracondylar humeral fractures between January 2009 and June 2014. There were 67 boys and 34 girls, with a mean age of 7 years. The children were classified according to the location of the AHL three months postoperatively into five groups: anteriorly loss (n = 6), anterior third (n = 25), middle third (n = 47), posterior third (n = 21), and posteriorly loss (n = 2). Range of elbow motion was measured by attending paediatric orthopaedic surgeons with a goniometer. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared among the five groups.ResultsThe mean elbow extension angle was not significantly different among the groups (p = 0.21). However, children with AHL anterior to the capitellum had less elbow flexion angle (125.8° vs. 131.2°, p = 0.046) and less total range of elbow motion (128.3° vs. 135.7°, p = 0.048) than children with AHL crossing the capitellum. When the AHL crossed the capitellum, the elbow flexion angle and total range of elbow motion were significantly decreased in children with AHL crossing the anterior third of the capitellum. The Flynn criteria were not significantly different among the central three groups (p = 0.131). However, the Flynn criteria were significantly worse in children whose AHL missed the capitellum (p < 0.001). The mean Baumann angle measured 3 months postoperatively was not significantly different among the groups (p = 0.12).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that children with AHL crossing the middle and posterior thirds of the capitellum appear to have slightly better early elbow flexion and total range of elbow motion. AHL crossing the anterior third of the capitellum can be an underreduction that has similar elbow motion as AHL anterior to the capitellum. AHL posterior to the capitellum is a warning sign of overreduction and should be avoided.