Adaptive step-size algorithms for blind interference suppression inDS/CDMA systems

This paper develops adaptive step-size blind LMS algorithms and adaptive forgetting factor blind RLS algorithms for code-aided suppression of multiple access interference (MAI) and narrowband interference (NBI) in DS/CDMA systems. These algorithms optimally adapt both the step size (forgetting factor) and the weight vector of the blind linear multiuser detector using the received measurements. Simulations are provided to compare the proposed algorithms with previously studied blind RLS and blind LMS algorithms. They show that the adaptive step-size blind LMS algorithm and adaptive forgetting factor blind RLS algorithm field significant improvements over the standard blind LMS algorithm and blind RLS algorithm in dynamic environments where the number of interferers are time-varying     

Decision-feedback blind adaptive multiuser detector for synchronousCDMA system

We develop a blind adaptive multiuser detector for synchronous code-division multiple access (CDMA) with a noise-whitening filter. The triangular structure of the noise-whitened model ensures complete resolution of detection ambiguities. To further improve the symbol error probability performance, we introduce decision feedback in our detector similar to the decorrelating derision-feedback detector (DDFD), thus forming the decision-feedback blind adaptive multiuser detector (DFBD). Simulations indicate that the performance of the DFBD is very close to that of the DDFD in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. In Rician fading channels, the DFBD can track the slowly varying channels well and has a symbol error probability performance approaching that of the DDFD, which requires the knowledge of users' energies. The blind adaptive and decision-feedback blind adaptive multiuser detectors proposed here do not, however, require that knowledge     

Adaptive implementation of polynomial expansion detector formulti-user detection in DS-CDMA systems

The polynomial expansion (PE) multi-user detector was proposed to eliminate the computational complexity of matrix inversion involved in the decorrelating detector and the MMSE detector. Computation of the polynomial coefficients in a PE detector is, however, a complex task. A fast converging adaptive algorithm based on the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell (DFP) method is proposed for computing polynomial weights for a PE detector     

Blind multiuser detection: a subspace approach

A new multiuser detection scheme based on signal subspace estimation is proposed. It is shown that under this scheme, both the decorrelating detector and the linear minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detector can be obtained blindly, i.e., they can be estimated from the received signal with the prior knowledge of only the signature waveform and timing of the user of interest. The consistency and asymptotic variance of the estimates of the two linear detectors are examined. A blind adaptive implementation based on a signal subspace tracking algorithm is also developed. It is seen that compared with the previous minimum-output-energy blind adaptive multiuser detector, the proposed subspace-based blind adaptive detector offers lower computational complexity, better performance, and robustness against signature waveform mismatch. Two extensions are made within the framework of signal subspace estimation. First, a blind adaptive method is developed for estimating the effective user signature waveform in the multipath channel. Secondly, a multiuser detection scheme using spatial diversity in the form of an antenna array is considered. A blind adaptive technique for estimating the array response for diversity combining is proposed. It is seen that under the proposed subspace approach, blind adaptive channel estimation and blind adaptive array response estimation can be integrated with blind adaptive multiuser detection, with little attendant increase in complexity     

Genetic algorithm-based MMSE receiver for MC-CDMA systems transmitting over time-varying mobile channels

A novel multi-user detector, based on a genetic algorithm-assisted per-carrier MMSE criterion, is proposed for MC-CDMA systems transmitting over time-varying multipath fading channels. The analysed multi-user detector outperforms state-of-the-art adaptive receivers based on deterministic gradient algorithms, particularly for an increasing number of users     

基于改进的量子遗传算法的多用户检测

为了加快量子遗传算法(QGA)的收敛速度,减小基于QGA的多用户检测的计算复杂度,提出了一种基于改进的量子遗传优化算法(MQGA)的多用户检测算法.通过引入小生境协同进化策略初始化量子种群,并采用自适应更新旋转角策略,改善了QGA的收敛性能和寻优能力.仿真结果表明,提出的多用户检测算法在收敛速度、误码率、抗远近能力及系统容量方面都优于遗传算法多用户检测器、量子遗传算法多用户检测器和传统多用户检测器.     

一种用于CDMA下行链路的空时编码盲多用户检测

提出了一种适用于下行链路的盲多用户检测器,在下行链路的接收方只需进行简单解码和盲多用户检测就可以获得同采用多天线接收相同的效果。仿真结果表明当加入空时编码和盲多用户检测后对移动接收方南误码率有提高。     

基于并行遗传算法的CDMA优化多用户检测方法

多用户检测技术是第三代移动通信系统CDMA中的一项关键技术。在多用户检测中求解最佳矢量问题可以转化为在遗传算法中求解具有最高适应度函数的问题。本文提出了一种基于并行遗传算法的CDMA多用户检测器,并与最佳多用户检测和传统检测器进行比较,实验结果表明本方法可获得接近最佳检测的性能。由于采用并行遗传算法,这种多用户检测器更易于实时应用和硬件实现。     

Multi-user detector for multi-carrier CDMA systems

Blind multi-user detection is of special interest for multiple access interference (MAI) mitigation in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems since it is impractical to assume perfect knowledge of parameters such as spreading codes, time delays and amplitudes of all the users in a rapidly changing mobile environment. In [1], the blind decorrelating detector and the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector were developed based on subspace estimation and derived in closed forms of the signal subspace components. To combat frequency-selective fading, the subspace approach to blind multi-user detection was extended to multi-carrier CDMA (MCCDMA) systems, e.g. in [2]. In this Letter, we develop further the algorithm presented in [1, 2], and show how the condition of the signal subspace can be improved by using not only the autocorrelation, but also the pseudo-autocorrelation of the received observations, leading to improved performance in blind multi-user detection.     

Blind adaptive multiuser detector for nonlinearly modulated satellite mobile CDMA systems

This paper presents a novel blind adaptive noncoherent decorrelative multiuser detector for nonlinearly modulated satellite mobile Code Division Multiple Access （CDMA） systems. By using the known signature waveforms of the counterpart earth station in the blind adaptive multiuser detector, the system performance has been improved obviously. The computation results about the convergence properties of the new detector and the previous detectors demonstrate that the proposed multiuser detector has better performance than previous multiuser detectors for nonlinearly modulated CDMA systems.     

Blind adaptive receiver based on RLS-CMA for TH-UWB system

A novel receiver is proposed in this paper that uses the blind adaptive multi-user detection(MUD) technique to deal with the presence of multiple-access interference(MAI) and inter-symbol interference(ISI) in terms of high speed time-hopping ultra-wideband(TH-UWB) system.The receiver firstly adopts constrained recursive least squares constant modulus algorithm(RLS-CMA) to conduct adaptive decorrelation for eliminating MAI and ISI,and then uses projection approximation subspace tracking with deflation(PASTd)...     

CDMA发射分集系统的多用户检测常模算法分析

空时分集技术的最大优点在于在不增加带宽的情况下可以提高系统的可靠性,是目前移动通信的研究热点.常模算法是一种性能优良的码分多址(CDMA)盲多用户检测技术,能确保判决信号与实际传送信号之间的差错较小,误码率性能良好.文中提出将标准线性受限常模算法(LCCMA)与空时分组码(STBC)相结合,设计出一种收敛快、能够改善系统性能的基于2-空时分组码的多用户接收机.     

Space-time blind equalisation in impulsive noise

The presence of non-Gaussian impulsive noise in wireless system can degrade the performance of existing equalisers and signal detectors. The problem of blind source separation and equalisation for multipleinput/ multiple-output (MIMO) channels under heavy-tailed impulsive noise environment is studied. A generalised multi-user constant modulus (CM) cost function is proposed by employing the fractional lower order CM property of the equaliser input signals as well as the fractional lower order cross-correlations between them. The associated adaptive blind equalisation algorithm based on a stochastic gradient descent method is defined as fractional lower order multi-user constant modulus algorithm (FMU_CMA), which is able to mitigate impulsive channel noise while recovering all input signals simultaneously. The steady-state meansquare error (MSE) performance of the FMU_CMA is studied in a noise-free environment; the approximate expression is derived based on the energy-preserving relation and the Taylor series expansion. Simulation studies are undertaken to support the analysis with CM and non-CM signal.     

Blind detection for multi-rate DS-CDMA system with antenna array at the base station

In this paper, we propose the blind space-time high rate multi-user detector for synchronous uplink multi-rate Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access （DS-CDMA） systems with antenna array at the base station. By employing antenna array at the base stations, the spatial dimension is used efficiently to suppress co-channel interference and increase the capacity for multi-rate CDMA system. After low rate physical users in the system are modeled as corresponding high rate virtual users, we construct the space-time signature vectors of virtual users. And subspace projection algorithm is employed to estimate space-time signature vectors blindly. Then a soft-decision high rate lnultiuser detector is proposed based on the estimated signature vectors, which avoids estimating the ambiguous complex factors which are necessary in traditional blind detector. Numerical simulation results evaluate the performance in terms of Bit Error Rate （BER） for the proposed scheme. Simultaneously, it demonstrates that the system capability increases two times when using twoelement antenna array.     

Orthogonalizing matched filtering (OMF) detector for DS-CDMA mobilecommunication systems

This paper proposes a new blind interference suppression scheme for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) mobile communication systems. The proposed detector, the orthogonalizing matched filtering (OMF) detector, consists of a bank of despreading filters and a signal combiner. The received composite signal is first despread by the filters in the bank. The despreading filter outputs are then weighted and combined. The weight vector is adaptively determined and updated so that the average combined signal power is minimized while keeping the combiner's response to the desired signal constant. The proposed algorithm for OMF weight updating requires neither knowledge about other users' spreading sequences nor desired user's signal reference. The similarity between the proposed OMF detector and Applebaum's sidelobe canceller adaptive array is discussed in detail. Results of computer simulations are shown to demonstrate the OMF performance in various mobile communications environments     

基于干扰空间的盲自适应多用户检测器

在现有盲自适应多用户检测技术基础上，本文提出一种更具有实际应用价值的基于干扰空间线性MMSE盲自适应多用户检测器及其相应的基于干扰自相关矩阵C1跟踪算法。数学分析和仿真结果表明：与现有盲自适应多用户检测器相比，该检测器具有更低的实现复杂度、更快的跟踪速度和更强的健壮性。     

A novel blind space-time multiuser detector for DS-CDMA system

In this letter, a novel blind space-time multiuser detector, called space-time constrained minimum output energy (ST-CMOE) detector, is proposed. It can achieve the same performance as the training based space-time minimum mean square error (ST-MMSE) detector. An adaptive version of the proposed ST-CMOE detector is also presented. Simulation shows that, the adaptive ST-CMOE detector can work well in a dynamic multiple-access channel.     

基于U-D分解滤波的高性能盲自适应多用户检测算法

提出利用U-D分解渐消记忆滤波算法估计CDMA系统多用户接收器的最优判决向量，构造出一种收敛速度快、跟踪性能好、数值稳定性好的高性能盲自适应多用户检测算法。仿真实验表明，本文提出的方法具有很强的抗多址干扰能力和较高的数值鲁棒性。     

一种用于DS-CDMA基站的全数字非相干延迟锁相环

本文根据直接序列扩频码分多址(DS-CDMA)系统上行链路伪随机码跟踪的特点,给出并分析一种全数字非相干延迟锁相环 (DLL),该DLL采用了二元鉴相和数字序贯滤波的实现结构。文中推导了多用户环境下环路的数学模型及鉴相误差统计特性,给出了跟踪性能的计算机仿真结果。研究结果表明,本文给出的DLL能以小的复杂度实现良好的跟踪性能,具有较高的应用价值。     

Transactions Papers - A Blind Adaptive MMSE Multiuser Detector over Multipath CDMA Channels and its Analysis

Based on the refinement-only fast subspace tracking (RO-FST) algorithm to adaptively estimate the signal sub-space, a blind adaptive SVD-based minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) multiuser detector is proposed in this paper for asynchronous direct-sequence code-division-multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems over multipath fading channels. Numerical results show that the proposed detector gives low computational complexity and good performance in terms of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and bit-error-rate (BER). In addition, we apply the perturbation analysis of the proposed adaptive detector to derive the closed-form expressions for the mean-square error (MSE) and SINR. The analytical results are shown to match well with the simulation results.