狂犬病毒地鼠肾细胞适应株的选育

将aG株豚鼠脑组织毒种于原代地鼠肾细胞传代适应后，优选出一株感染地鼠肾细胞增殖滴度高，稳定性好并保持原株抗原性的新的适应株，其生物学性状和免疫原性研究结果表明，将有可能取代豚鼠脑毒种，生产出更为安全、有效的狂犬病疫苗。     

狂犬病毒地鼠细胞适应株的选育

将ａＧ株豚鼠脑组织毒种于原代地鼠细胞传代适应后，优选聘株感染地鼠肾细胞增殖滴度高，稳定性好并保持原株原性的新的适应株，其生物学性状和和免疫原性研究结果表明，将有可能取代豚鼠脑毒种，生产出更为安全，有效的狂犬疫疫苗。     

细胞工厂培养沙鼠肾原代细胞制备肾综合征出血热灭活疫苗

目的用细胞工厂代替转瓶培养沙鼠肾原代细胞,制备肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫苗,减少原代沙鼠用量,提高产量。方法在细胞工厂内培养沙鼠肾原代细胞,以15L转瓶培养作对照,比较两种容器内细胞生长及收获的病毒滴度和抗原含量;病毒液经超滤浓缩后,采用Sepharose-4FF介质色谱纯化,并进行各项检定。结果细胞工厂只需接种转瓶培养所需1/3量的沙鼠肾细胞,就能在同期与转瓶细胞数量相当。接种病毒后,转瓶中的细胞在收获第5次后已脱落(10～20)%,而细胞工厂中的细胞几乎没有脱落;收获至第9次时,细胞工厂中的细胞脱落率才达20%;每次收获的病毒液病毒滴度和抗原含量均较高,且稳定在一定范围。浓缩纯化后,各项检定指标均合格。结论使用细胞工厂培养沙鼠肾原代细胞制备HFRS疫苗不仅提高了收率,而且减少了培养空间,降低了污染,可替代转瓶大规模生产HFRS疫苗。     

我国狂犬病细胞疫苗的发展和存在问题

<正>我国1980年前生产和使用的狂犬病疫苗是经石碳酸灭活的羊脑组织悬液的疫苗,接种后副反应大,特别是由脑组织引起的变态性脑脊髓炎副反应更为严重,同时免疫效果也不够满意。为解决这些问题,由武汉生物制品研究所牵头,中国药品生物制品检定所、长春、兰州生物制品研究所等单位合作,于1965年开始用北京株狂犬病固定毒株通过原代地鼠肾细胞适应传代,获得aG株适应株,研制成功一种原代地鼠肾细胞培养的狂犬病灭活疫苗。该疫苗是经福尔马林灭活加Al(OH)3佐剂制成,于1980     

应用区带离心法纯化地鼠肾细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗

目的应用区带离心法纯化原代地鼠肾细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗。方法浓缩的原代地鼠肾细胞乙脑灭活疫苗,经36％和60％不连续蔗糖密度、23 000r/min离心4h后,收取纯化的乙脑抗原组分,制成纯化乙脑疫苗。结果浓缩疫苗经一步区带离心纯化后,抗原效价提高3倍以上,蛋白去除99.5%以上。经稀释制成的半成品疫苗与未经浓缩的原疫苗相比,抗原效价提高4倍以上,蛋白去除99％以上。结论区带离心法可用于纯化地鼠肾细胞乙脑疫苗。     

应用40L生物反应器制备人用狂犬病疫苗

目的应用40 L生物反应器大规模生产人用狂犬病疫苗。方法以PV2061株狂犬病病毒为毒种,Vero细胞为基质,应用CelliGen 510生物反应器(40 L),灌流式细胞培养,连续收获病毒液,经浓缩、灭活、纯化,制备人用狂犬病疫苗,并对生产过程中各步骤工艺进行取样检测。结果细胞培养密度达1. 2×10~7个/m L,病毒感染后可连续收获约16 d,病毒收获液最高滴度为7. 4 LgLD50/m L。经纯化,杂蛋白去除率达98%以上,成品宿主细胞DNA含量≤50 pg/剂,效价≥4. 5 IU/剂,每罐产量可达13万剂疫苗。结论 CelliGen 510生物反应器可应用于大规模生产人用狂犬病疫苗,疫苗成品检定符合《中国药典》三部(2015版)相关标准。     

生物反应器培养Vero细胞制备Ⅱ型肾综合征出血热灭活疫苗

目的在生物反应器中用微载体连续灌流培养Vero细胞,制备Ⅱ型肾综合征出血热灭活疫苗。方法在50 L体积的生物反应器中,加入含10 g/L微载体的DMEM培养基,接种Vero细胞,当细胞密度约达5×10~6个/ml时,感染肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)毒种,接毒后72 h开始收获,连续收获17 d,收获的病毒原液经浓缩、灭活、Sepharose 4FF凝胶层析纯化后制备疫苗,检测病毒滴度、抗原含量及残余牛血清白蛋白、DNA、宿主蛋白含量,并接种新西兰家兔,检测疫苗效力。结果确定最佳Vero细胞接种浓度为1×10~5个/ml,病毒最佳MOI为0.015。利用优化后的培养条件收获的病毒滴度在6.5~8.0 log CCID_(50)/ml,且各项检测指标均符合《中国药典》三部(2010版)相关规定。结论用生物反应器微载体灌流培养制备Ⅱ型肾综合征出血热灭活疫苗的小试工艺可行。     

地鼠肾原代细胞外源病毒调查

清洁级、普通级2周龄地鼠，按卫生部颁布的无特异病原体（SPF）级的标准李行病毒抗体检测均为阴性。但8批用清洁级地鼠制备的肾原代细胞中均未发现有血吸附现象，而在普通级，血吸附阳性率高达86％（18／21）。超离浓缩后血凝效价达1：4～1：64；负染后用电镜可观察到副流感样病毒颗粒。经血清学检测，该外源病毒与仙台和小鼠肺炎病毒抗原相关，但按常规方法不易在鸡胚和同种地鼠肾细胞上传代。     

Vero细胞微载体悬浮培养制备人用狂犬病疫苗的研究

将“北京”及“CTN”两株中国分离的狂犬病病毒毒株适应于Vero细胞,病毒滴度可达10~(7.5)LD_(50)/ml。应用Veto细胞微载体反应器系统培养病毒,经丙内酯灭活,超滤浓缩制备的疫苗,其效力试验(NIH法)结果优于现行原代地鼠肾细胞培养疫苗。     

Vero细胞森林脑炎疫苗毒种的选育及其生物学特性检测

目的选育Vero细胞森林脑炎疫苗适应毒种。方法将森林脑炎疫苗鼠脑病毒“森张”株在Vero细胞上连续传代适应,并对不同代次收获的病毒液的病毒滴度、免疫原性、稳定性等进行检测。结果“森张”株病毒在Vero细胞上传代适应后,病毒滴度达8·5LgLD50/ml;免疫血清中和抗体效价高于1∶20,其它检测项目均符合疫苗生产用毒种的要求。结论Vero细胞适应的“森张”株毒种的初步特性显示可作为制备Vero细胞森林脑炎疫苗用毒种。     

汽车用灯头的注射模设计

针对汽车用塑料灯头的结构特点与工作环境,分析了灯头结构的复杂性、材料性能,注身工艺条件、合理地设计了注射成型模具,采用了组合式下模型芯来完成内孔的复杂成型,同时采用组合式侧抽芯来完成外侧面的卡钩与上面的穿线孔的成型,简化了模具的结构。     

新型气化型煤粘结剂

介绍一种新型气化煤粘结剂的制备方法和粘结作用机理，该粘结剂属有机粘结剂，粘结能力强，煤种适用范围广。制取的气化型煤机械强度高，灰份低，固定碳含量高。     

Criteria for the affinity of dyes for fibres

An equation was obtained for evaluating the thermodynamic affinity of a disperse dye for a fibre. Quantities Δh _D and K _D , which are functions of the composition of the dye bath, temperature, and state of the fibre material, can characterize the change in the affinity of the dye for the fibre when the dyeing conditions are varied.     

焊制三通雌雄样板计算机放样软件的开发

应用VC 语言开发了焊制三通雌雄样板放样软件,该软件能快速、准确地完成正三通、斜三通、顺流三通、Y型三通雌雄样板的放样工作。详细介绍了程序的编制过程以及软件的特点。     

Guidance for Mutual Disposition of Chromophores for Singlet Fission

The choice of chromophores and of their mutual geometrical arrangement for optimized singlet fission (SF) rates are considered. The electronic matrix element that enters the Fermi golden rule for the rate of SF is worked out algebraically for a simple model, but the density of states factor is not analyzed here. The model treats only the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals of the partners. It provides an approximate formula that requires only the knowledge of the expansion coefficients of these orbitals and of overlap integrals between atomic orbitals on the partners to obtain an estimate of the electronic matrix element. An illustrative application to a pair of ethylene molecules suggests that favored geometries will be those in which one of the AOs on the first ethylene overlaps with both AOs on the second ethylene, while the other AO on the first ethylene overlaps with at least one, and preferably both, AOs of the second ethylene as little as possible.     

Test procedure for evaluation of catalysts for nitrile reduction

A procedure was developed that examines the effectiveness of nickel catalysts for the hydrogenation of fatty nitriles to amines. Rates of reaction, selectivity, and olefinic reduction were the parameters studied. The procedure can be used for new catalyst screening and is ideally suited for quality assurance testing of production catalysts. It involves the reduction of nitriles to amines at 410°F (210°C) and 500 psig using a .2% Ni loading level. A mixture of primary and secondary amines is obtained which is characteristic of the catalyst’s selectivity. Both sponge and supported nickel catalysts were tested using tallow nitriles as the feedstock.     

Strategy for development of fertilizer solutions for greenhouse tomatoes

A study of fertilization practices in intensively grown tomatoes, leading to a projection of developments in fertilizer usage is presented. Targets of optimal fertilization strategy were defined as follows: maximize fruit yield; maximize fruit quality; minimize environmental pollution with fertilizers; minimize corrosion of the fertilizer distribution system; minimize expenses on fertilizers. Information was gathered by literature searches and by personal interviews and visits to research institutes and growers.Rechecking of some fertilization practices for greenhouse tomatoes grown in detached media is proposed. The review indicates that the following should be rechecked: ammonium/nitrate ratio in fertilizer formulations; use of urea in fertilizer solutions; levels of phosphates applied; levels of sulphate applied; simple iron salts vs. chelated iron application; osmotic potential (OP), expressed as electrical conductivity (EC), of the nutrient solution at various growth stages.EC, pH and estimated prices of fertilizer solutions were calculated and presented in tables.