Three Key Issues in the Reform of the Judicial System in China

中国当前的司法改革并没有如决策者所希望的那样,成为提升法院与法官公信力的有效手段,反而在某些方面加剧了己有的弊病,甚至导致新的弊病产生。就作为整个社会变革的一部分的法院改革而言,因为中国缺乏应有的现代宪政环境,再加上法官缺乏专业的训练,使得在是否加强司法独立这个问题上产生怪圈。因此,有关现代司法以及现代政府建构的基本道理的更全面、更深入的传播具有不可替代的重要性。在法官的遴选机制上,目前成文的法律和规章已经有了适度的改善,然而依然留下了变通的实施可能,法官的任命在很多时候成为一个政治问题和任务。由此而推动的司法统一考试的实施也许能使得司法人员的素质有所改善,并可能积极影响法律共同体的形成。另外一个关键的问题是法院管理制度的改革。其改革目标是尽量地促使法院非行政化,确保法院内部机构设置及其职权的合理化、法官个人独立地位的保障以及上下级法院之间关系的理顺等。这些问题的妥善解决与否,既是对中国法律人的挑战,也是机遇。     

Historiography in China in the Last Fifty Years

从学风不变、话语系统转换、史观派与史料派地位的浮沉诸角度看,近50年来的中国历史学大体上可区分为两个段落,这就是前40年和后10年。前40年间的历史学,可以看作是马克思主义历史话语从占据主流地位到这个"主流地位受到了一定的削弱"的过程;而初步进入一个以国学复兴重光为基本背景的多元离散的时期,则可能是近十几年来历史学的整体趋向。半个世纪以来的史学史表明:唯物史观派和史料考订派在宏观与微观两个方面同时构成了当代史学发展的两种动力,厚此薄彼或厚彼薄此均不可取。作为既努力兼取两派所长又努力扬弃两派所短的第三支力量,以社会经济史研究者为代表的会通派的出现,则可能意味着从传统史学向现代史学长达一个世纪转型过程的终结。     

On the Politics and Participation in the Development of Urban Communities in China

本文对２０世纪９０年代以来中国城市普遍开展的社区建设的性质进行了分析,指出城市社区建设在社会组织方式和社会管理模式转换中的作用,认为城市社区建设是一个复杂的经济、政治和社会过程。文章分析了经济因素对社区建设的重要意义,认为社区建设需要经济的支持,但社区服务所产生的经济收益并不能有效地支持社区建设的开展,政府和企业应该对之给予更多投入。社区建设有丰富的政治内涵。政府力图通过社区建设实现社会管理体制的转变,同时又要保持社会的稳定。由于中国的市民社会发育缓慢,因此,社区建设的政治目标的实现面临着挑战。文章认为社区建设的重要目的是形成新的社会团结,而广泛的社区参与是不可忽略的环节。     

The Last Successful Scholars in the Palace Examinations in the His-tory of the Chinese Imperial Ex-amination System

Having lasted continuously for some 1,300 years, the imperial examination system(or the keju system) officially came to anend for good in September 1905. In the three-year cycle of the imperial examinations, theyear of 1905 saw neither the xiangshi (theprovincial examination) nor the huishi (themetropolitan examination held in the impe-rial capital) being held as usual. Hence themetropolitan examination specially grantedby the imperial court in the year of Jiacheng,the 30th year of the reign o…     

Changes in the Form of Knowledge in Social Work: From the 'Social' to the 'Informational'?

This paper examines the changing form of knowledge in socialwork over the past thirty years and its implications for theoryand practice. In particular, it considers the impact of newsystems related to a range of new information and communicationtechnologies (ICTs) and the shift from a narrative to a databaseway of thinking and operating. In doing so, it attempts to identifya series of key challenges and questions which need to be consideredin order to engage with the changes. In particular, it addresseshow far social work is still primarily concerned with subjectsand their social relationships and argues that social work nowoperates less on the terrain of the ‘social’ andmore on the terrain of the ‘informational’. Suchchanges have implications for the relationship between theoryand practice in social work and the nature of ‘social’work itself.     

Reflections on Solving the NationalityProblem in the New Situation

Thenationalityproblemispartofanoverallsocialproblem.InChina,nationalcharacteristicsanddifferenceswillexistforalongtimetocome,andsowillthenationalityproblem.DengXiaoping'stheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisascientificguidingprincipleforsolvingtheoverallproblemsofsociety,andthereforeitwillalsosolvethenationalityproblem.Intheirlong-termengagementinrevolutionandconstruction,DengXiaopingandtheoldergenerationofrevolutionarieshaveopenedupacorrectroadwithChinesecharacteristicsforso…     

A Review of the Psychology of Aesthetics in China in the 20th Century

Ｔｈｅｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙｏｆａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓｉｓａｎｉｎｔｅｒ ｄｉｓｃｉｐｌｉｎａｒｙｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｌｉｎｋｉｎｇａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓａｎｄｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ .Ｔｈｅｔａｒｇｅｔｏｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｈｅｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙｏｆａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ (ｄａｓ ｓｔｈｅｔｉｓｃｈｅＥｒｌｅｂｎｉｓ) ,ａｎｄｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃｃｒｅａｔｉｏｎ ,ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａ…     

the Theme for Literary Study in the New Centenary

ＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｐａｓｓｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｌａｓｔｃｅｎｔｕｒｙＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅｂａｄｅｆａｒｅｗｅｌｌｔｏｔｈｅｏｌｄｅｒａａｎｄｓｔｏｏｄｏｎｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄｏｆａｎｅｗｈｏｒｉｚｏｎ .Ｉｎｔｈｅｌａｔｅ 19ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓａｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｒｅｆｏｒｍｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｗａｋｅｏｆｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌｒｅｆｏｒｍ-ｔｈｅｔｗｏｗｅｒｅｍｕｔｕａｌｌｙｄｙｎａｍｉｃ .Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌｒｅｆｏｒｍｆａｉｌｅｄ ,ｔｈｅｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｒ…     

Land Enfeoffment and the Emergence of Feudalism in India in the Early Middle Ages

Fromaworldhistoricalperspective,whenproductiondevelopedtoacertainlevelundertheslavesystem,contradictionsemerged,andstrugglesbetweensocialproductiveforcesandtherelationsofproduction,andbetweentheeconomicbasisandthesuperstructure,ensued.Asaresult,theslavesystemwasbroughttoanendandfeudaIismaroseinitsplaceindifferentcountriesandregions.FeudalismhaditsownsPecificformsandfolloweddifferentpathsoftransitionfromslavery.Thisessaywillexaminethequestionofhowfeudalismgraduallyformedthroughenfeoffmentinvar…     

Developments in the Study of Confucianism on the Mainland of China in Recent Years

I.AttitudesTowardsthe"ConfucianismCraze"AnincreasingnumberofstudiesonConfucianismhavebeenconductedonthemainlandinrecentyears,andthereisevensomethingofa"craze"forConfucianism.Papershavebeenreadatlargesymposia,journalshavebeenpublished,lectureshavebeengiven…     

Changes in the Divorce Rate and Age Distribution in China Since the 1980s

ThedivorcerateinChinaduringthe1980swasmuchhigherthanbeforeforanumberofreasons.Inordertounderstandthisphenomenon,theauthorswillmakeacomparisonbetweenthedivorcerates,andtheageanddurationofthemarriageatthetimeofdivorceintheearlyl98osandinthelatel98Osandearly…     

Institutional Building for the Management of Cul-tural Relics in China in the New Era

中国共产党和中国政府一向十分重视国家文物资源的保护,现对文物资源实行属地管理、分级负责的行政管理体制。国家文物局负责全国文物保护工作,是管理全国文物资源、考古、博物馆工作的行政机构。当前,中国文物事业正面临着难得的发展机遇,同时也面临着许多问题、困难和挑战。要从思想认识、法律环境、体制建设等方面加强文物保护工作:如宣传保护文物对社会主义两个文明建设的重要意义和作用,提高全民族、全社会的为社会进步和子孙后代保护文物的意识;加强法制建设,以法律的手段规范和调整文物保护;宣传、贯彻、落实“保护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、加强管理”的文物工作方针;加强中央政府对文物工作的高层协调和宏观调控;做好文物保护“五纳入”工作等。     

A Study of the "Purge" of the Guomindang in Nanjing in 1927

In order to resist the measures taken by the Wuhan government to weaken their power, the Nationalists in Nanjing represented by Jiang Jieshi began in the spring of 1927 to use underworld forces to indirectly seize party and administrative power in the areas under their control. After repeated consultations with some of the founding members of the Guomindang, Jiang Jieshi, motivated by the desire to establish a separate central organ and to legitimize his own position, launched the so-called "purge" marked by the April Twelfth Massacre. After realizing     

Ethnic Demographic Studies in China in the 1990s

Demographicstudieswererevivedinthelate197osinChinaafteralongperiodofhibernation.Ethnicdemographicstudiesbeganinthel98os,atatimewhentherewaslittlebasicdataandonlyscantresultsofpastresearchwereavailable.Considerableprogresswasmadeinethnicdemographyinthe199Os,andbreakthroughswereachievedinbasictheoryandinquantitativeandqualitativestudies.Researchalsoshiftedfromgeneraldemographicstudiesofallnationalminoritiesasawholetodemographicstudiesbasedonnationality,sexandage,andbasicinformationonbirthanddea…     

Science in the Eyes of Chinese Phi-losophers in the 20~(th) Century

In terms of their understanding ofscience, 20th century Chinese philosophersfall into four schools headed by DingWenjiang and Hu Shi, Zhang Dongsun, MouZongsan and Feng Qi respectively.The first group, headed by DingWenjiang and Hu Shi, may be called the sci-entific school, standing for the claim thatscience is the only legitimate system ofknowledge and the sole healthy mode forexistencel. They theoretically reached anunderstanding that scientific exploration isof vital significance in t…     

Develop the M&S-Sized Enterprises in Liaoning

The non-public ownership M&S-sized enterprises in Liaoning Province have developed full of vitality in recent years. They have become an important productive force in rejuvenating the old industrial base and making the society of economy develop. By the end of 2004, the added value from the non-governmental enterprises in the province got to 350.5 billion yuan (RMB), surpassing the 50% of the total of the provincial economy. The non- public ownership M&S-sized enterprises in Liaoning Provi…     

Historiographical Trends in the New Period

ThispaperwilldiscusstheriseandfallofhistoriographicaltrendsthateitheronceheldorhavecontinuedtoholdaplaceinhistoryresearchinChinasincetheNewPeriod(post-1978),includingthe"returntotheearlysixties,"the"returntoMarx,""returntotheQianlongandJiaqingperiod,"the"advancetowardssystemstheory,"andthe"advancetowardsinterdisciplinarystudies."ThesebasicallyreflecttheresponsesofhistoriographytotheprofoundsocialchangesintheNewPeriod,anddepictthetortuousanddifficultprogressofthescienceofhistoryinChina,toget…     

Poetic Interest in the Chuanqi Tales of the Tang Dynasty

IPoetrywasthehighestformofspirituallifeoftheTangdynasty(618-907).TheanecdotesconcerningthepoetLiBai'sbohemianlifedevotedtopoetryandwine,combinedwithhiscontemptforauthority,wellillustratetheesteemaccordedpoetsintheTangperiod.DuFuinhispoem"YinzhongBaxiange"(SongoftheEightWine-drinkingImmortals)wroteofhimself:EvenwhentheEmperorsummonedhimforboating,hedeclined,Declaringhispreferenceforaboutofwine!Tangcaizizhuan(StoriesofTalentedScholarsoftheTangDynasty)recordshowthepoetLiBaiduringadrinkin…     

On the Trends of Modernization in the Early Qing Period

ＴｈｅｉｓｓｕｅｏｆｍｅｄｅｒｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｈｅｍｅｔｈａｔｈａｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ.ＩｔｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｓａｉｄｔｈａｔｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｔｈｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｉｎｔｈｅＭｉｎｇａｎｄＱｉｎｇｄｙｎａｓｔｉｅｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｒｏｋｅｎ…     

Conflicting Occupational Prestige Evaluations in the Transitional Period in China

Ｉ.ＳｕｒｖｅｙｓｏｆＯｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎａｌＰｒｅｓｔｉｇｅａｎｄｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ　　Ｉｎｓｏｃｉｏｌｏｇｙ ,ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｓｓｏｃｉａｌｓｔａｔｕｓｉｓｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｉｎｔｈｒｅｅｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｓ:ｗｅａｌｔｈ(ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ) ,ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙａｎｄｐｏｗｅｒ ,ａｎｄｐｒｅｓｔｉｇｅ .Ｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅｌｙｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ,ｔｈｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｗｏｉｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｅａｓｙａｓｔｈｅｒｅ…