泛化类型的机读词典属性信息抽取

为了构建实体关系网络、改进和完善基于概念的信息检索,提出一种不针对特定属性类型的从机读词典中抽取概念实例的属性值信息的方法。首先,通过手工标注和遴选等方式生成初始实体—属性值对集并抽取出粗糙模式实例集;其次,经过对模式实例集的聚类合并和扩充处理得到若干组的模式实例,每一组代表一个属性类型;最后,从词典中抽取出新实体词汇的属性值信息。在模式实例集的处理中引入了同义词扩展和词汇语义相似度计算以提高模式实例的覆盖率。实验中针对《现代汉语规范词典》中的电子领域词汇进行抽取,取得了较好的效果。     

基于词共现图的属性知识库迭代自增式扩展算法

属性知识库扩展研究中已有的开放式信息抽取方法都十分依赖深度句法分析或有效的词典规则,在短文本处理上效果较差,召回率较低.文中提出基于词共现图的属性知识库迭代自增式扩展算法,利用属性与属性值的共现关系扩展知识库,并设计基于图的社区发现算法,找出社区的核心节点.最后,设计基于卷积神经网络的模型对抽取结果进行去噪.在两个真实数据集上的实验表明,文中方法在抽取质量上优于现有方法.     

一种基于SVM和AdaBoost的Web实体信息抽取方法

提出一种基于SVM和AdaBoost的Web实体信息抽取方法。首先提出一种基于SVM的Web页面主数据区域识别方法,基于Web实体实例在页面中的展示特征,有效地将Web页面进行数据区域分割,识别出Web实体实例所在的主数据区域;然后基于Web实体属性标签的特征,提出一种基于AdaBoost的集成学习方法,从页面的主数据区域自动地抽取Web实体信息。在两个真实数据集上进行实验,并与相关研究工作进行比较,实验结果说明该方法能够取得良好的抽取效果。     

一种基于RDF的多值信息系统查询算法

多值信息系统具有实例属性取多值的特点，其查询的关键在于衡量查询条件集合的等价集和实例属性值集合的等价集之间的相似性。本文提出了一种多值信息系统的查询算法，该算法综合考察了集合比较涉及到的三个关键因素，在一定程度上减少了结果中不合理的实例，即其属性值集合与查询集合数目相差过大，也降低了非法输入数据对查询的
的干扰。大量的实验数据证明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

一种基于WWW的Ontology属性值自动提取方法

属性值是描述Ontology中类的重要信息,但是当前关于属性值的自动提取的研究并不多。该文提出一种基于WWW的Ontology属性值自动提取方法。论文首先提出了一种在小规模属性值种子集的基础上,包含属性值的句子的选择与属性值提取互动的方法。这种方法利用互联网信息的冗余性,自动抽取并扩充目标属性值集合。然后,为避免人工构造属性值种子集,提出种子集自动生成的方法。我们设计实验来计算提取结果的正确率和召回率,此外,我们还通过将填充后的Ontology信息用于网页正文提取任务来展示Ontology自动扩充结果的有效性。     

基于文体和词表的突发事件信息抽取研究

非结构化数据的结构化任务是大数据环境下管理信息系统面临的新课题。该文从文体的角度研究自由文本的特性,提出了从Web新闻中抽取突发事件属性的方法,该方法首先分析研究了Web文本和新闻文体的特征,利用Google Word2Vec对领域专家构建的词表进行扩展,针对突发事件的不同属性制定了不同的抽取方法: 采用词表实现事件分类,采用文体特征进行时间、事件摘要的抽取,采用文体和词表进行地点、伤亡情况和经济损失属性的抽取。实验表明,采用基于文体和词表方法在爬取的Web新闻语料库和公开语料库进行突发事件的属性进行抽取时,平均准确率分别为87.89%、91.29%,平均召回率分别为81.76%、87.91%,能满足应急管理需求。     

健康领域Web信息抽取

针对Web信息抽取(WIE)技术在健康领域应用的问题,提出了一种基于WebHarvest的健康领域Web信息抽取方法。通过对不同健康网站的结构分析设计健康实体的抽取规则,实现了基于WebHarvest的自动抽取健康实体及其属性的算法;再把抽取的实体及其属性进行一致性检查后存入关系数据库中,然后对关系数据库中隐含健康实体的属性值利用Ansj自然语言处理方法进行实体识别, 进而抽取健康实体之间的联系。该技术在健康实体抽取实验中,平均F值达到99.9%,在实体联系抽取实验中,平均F值达到80.51%。实验结果表明提出的Web信息抽取技术在健康领域抽取的健康信息具有较高的质量和可信性。     

中文专利属性值对抽取技术及应用

专利信息抽取是专利分析的基础,属性及属性值的识别与抽取是专利信息抽取所要解决的关键问题。目前,在中文专利信息抽取领域针对属性和属性值同步抽取的研究较少。本文以中文专利摘要作为实验语料,运用统计学习知识,提出一种基于条件随机场的抽取方法。该方法将属性和属性值视为命名实体,利用语料训练得到条件随机场模型,从而实现对属性和属性值的抽取;再利用挖掘的关联规则完成属性与属性值匹配。实验结果的准确率、召回率和F值分别是80.8%、81.2%和81.0%,其表明该方法能够高效同步抽取属性和属性值。同时,在抽取结果的基础上,本文完成了对专利的分析和同类专利的比较,体现了本方法的实用价值。     

广义模糊粗糙集在模糊信息约简中的应用

针对数据集为模糊值时冗余信息难于消除的问题,提出了基于模糊相似关系的广义模糊粗糙集与QuickReduct算法相结合的方法。利用广义模糊粗糙集数据相似程度对属性值为实数值的数据集合进行约简,不需要预先对原始数据集合进行离散化,约简结果能更完整地反映原信息系统的分类能力。同时算法中利用了启发式信息,使模糊依赖性增加较快的属性作为最小约简。计算实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

触发词与属性值对联合抽取方法研究

传统的属性值对抽取方法通常应用于短文本,且仅限于抽取字符串属性。提出一种触发词与属性值对的联合抽取方法,不仅能够通过识别触发词确定长文本中的信息语句,从而确定二元语义属性的取值,而且能够考虑触发词、字符串属性和属性值的相互依赖关系,基于条件随机场构建联合标记模型,提高字符串属性值对的抽取性能。实验结果显示,与传统方法相比,所提出的方法能够抽取二元语义属性值对,并且对字符串属性的抽取准确率、召回率和F值分别提高15.3%、15.5%和15.5%,同时抽取所用平均时间降低76.29%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。