进展期胃癌淋巴结转移的特点及临床意义

目的 探讨胃癌淋巴结(LN)转移的规律,指导胃癌LN廓清手术治疗。方法 回顾分析我院近5年来D_2或>D_2手术并有完整记录的298例进展期胃癌患者的临床资料,统计胃癌各组LN的转移情况。结果 术中LN肉眼检查与实际病理检查有一定的误差。D_2手术时,只要把No.12LN包括在内,部分LN归属哪一组,并不影响肿瘤的治疗和预后。在各组LN中,No.3、No.7、No.8、No.9 LN转移率最高,而No.13、No.17、No.18 LN对于不同部位的胃癌转移机会均很少,不同部位的胃癌No.3、No.4、No.7、No.8、No.9、No.11、No.16 LN转移机会大致相同。胃癌的LN跳跃式转移见于No.16 LN,而第3站的LN较为少见。探查时若无No.12 LN转移,No.13 LN病理检查均未见转移,可不必清扫。组织学类型分化低的胃癌其第3、4站LN转移相对少见,这可能与分化低的肿瘤易引起远处转移,而使患者失去根治手术的机会有关。结论 掌握胃癌LN的转移规律,对胃癌LN的廓清手术具有重要意义。     

狼疮肾炎中医证候分布规律初探

目的 观察我院狼疮肾炎（LN）中医证候分布情况,探寻岭南地区LN证候分布规律.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法收集2004年7月至2009年7月在广东省中医院肾内科确诊的172例LN患者临床资料,依据频数分布及模糊C均值聚类法归纳辨证分型.结果 LN以脾肾气虚、水湿瘀阻证和气阴两虚、湿热瘀阻证等6大中医证候为主,血瘀证几乎兼夹于各型中,并且贯穿于病程始终.结论 LN以正虚邪实为主,虚证以脾肾气虚证为主,实证以血瘀证为主,LN的证侯分布规律为探寻LN最佳治疗方案提供中医学基础.     

Ⅴ型狼疮性肾炎的临床病理及转归

Ⅴ型狼疮性肾炎(lupus nephritis LN)或称膜性LN,约占LN的11%[1].病理改变以上皮侧为主的免疫复合物沉积为特征.1995年WHO根据是否伴有肾小球系膜增生性改变,将Ⅴ型LN分为Ⅴa及Ⅴb型.Ⅴ型LN在临床、病理及转归方面均有不同于其他类型LN的特点,两个亚型之间也有所不同.本文报告33例经肾活检证实的Ⅴ型LN,分析两个亚型的临床及病理特点,并根据治疗方法的不同,分析其转归的差异.     

男性狼疮性肾炎的临床与病理特征

目的：提高对男性狼疮肾炎（LN）临床与病理特征的认识.方法：对28例男性LN与同期28例随机选择的女性LN从临床表现、病理学、免疫学特征、治疗及预后进行回顾性分析.结果：男性LN较易误诊（P＜0.01）和延迟诊断（P＜0.05）,肾衰竭发生率和需要冲击治疗者多于女性LN（P＜0.05）,蝶形红斑、关节痛、口腔溃疡较女性少见（P＜0.05）,ANA阳性率明显低于女性（P＜0.05）.病理类型男性Ⅳ型较女性多见,而Ⅱ型较女性少见.在随访1年且资料完整的患者中,女性LN完全缓解或部分缓解的比例明显多于男性LN（P＜0.05）.结论：男性LN与女性LN的表现有区别,且病情较重,预后差.     

狼疮肾炎腹膜透析患者的长期预后研究

目的 探讨狼疮肾炎(LN)腹膜透析(腹透)患者的长期预后.方法 入选1995年5月1日至2013年4月30日期间在本院开始腹透且资料完整的LN患者(n=33),同时入选与其年龄、性别、并发症匹配的非LN腹透患者(n=33)作为对照组.所有入选患者均随访至死亡、退出腹透、转其他中心或至研究终止.采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Log-Rank检验比较两组患者的生存率、技术生存率和无腹膜炎生存率.结果 腹透开始时,LN组患者的估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、抗双链DNA (anti-dsDNA)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平均明显高于对照组(均P＜ 0.05).截至研究终止,LN组患者有13例(39.4％)死亡,8例(24.2％)转血液透析(血透),5例(15.2％)肾移植,2例(6.1％)转其他中心.LN组患者最常见的死亡原因是感染(9例,69.2％),其中又以腹膜炎最常见(6例,46.2％),而对照组患者最常见的死亡原因是心血管疾病(5例,83.3％).Kaplan-Meier分析显示LN组患者的1、3、5年患者生存率为82％、49％、49％,明显低于对照组(x2=8.455,P=0.004).LN组患者的技术生存率也明显低于对照组(x2=6.753,P=0.009).LN组腹膜炎发生率为1次/20.5病人月,而对照组腹膜炎发生率为1次/67.6病人月.LN组患者的无腹膜炎生存率显著低于对照组(x2=8.256,P=0.004).结论 LN腹膜透析患者的长期预后较差.腹膜炎是LN腹透患者死亡和技术失败的主要原因.     

进展期胃腺癌淋巴转移与相关基因表达关系

目的 探讨进展期胃腺癌胃周区域淋巴结(LN)和腹主动脉旁LN转移规律.方法 行survivin, p53, C-erbB-2, PCNA, Ki-67, MMP-2, MMP-7及MMP-9免疫组化染色.单因素和多因素分析上述指标与胃腺癌胃周区域LN和腹主动脉周围LN的转移的关系.结果 238例中转移LN平均(5.61±0.68)枚/例,平均总LN转移度(27.78±24.45)%.238例中的207例有LN转移,总转移率86.97%.D3术53例中,13例(24.53%)有16组LN转移.手术切除的16组LN数平均(6.36±1.83)枚/例,转移LN有58枚,平均(4.46±2.05)枚/例.16组LN转移度为24.52%.单因素分析显示,LN转移与p53阳性和survivin阳性的联合表达有非常显著性关系(P＜0.01).多因素分析显示,p53和survivin阳性的联合表达是影响胃周区域淋巴转移的独立危险因素.Ki-67增殖指数(LI)及MMP-2表达提示16组LN转移(均P＜0.05);Ki-67LI和MMP-2表达是影响16组LN转移的独立危险因素.结论 p53阳性和survivin阳性的联合表达或可预示LN转移.Ki-67LI和MMP-2是16组LN转移的预测因素,而Ki-67LI和MMP-2表达是16组LN转移的独立危险因素.     

狼疮肾炎患者血MMP-9水平及强的松治疗对其干预

目的 观察狼疮肾炎(LN)患者入院第一天及强的松治疗后血清基质金属蛋白酶MMP-9水平,并分析其规律.方法 用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测各型LN患者治疗前后血清MMP-9水平.方法 LN患者血清MMP-9水平较正常对照组下降,且呈现Ⅵ型＞Ⅰ型＞Ⅱ型＞Ⅴ型＞Ⅲ型＞Ⅳ型LN患者的规律.经强的松治疗后LN患者血清MMP-9水平明显上升.且组间比较p<0.01.结论 MMP-9可能在介导LN病理损害中起重要作用,且是反映LN病变程度的一个指标.     

Girdin蛋白调控恶性胶质瘤细胞凋亡的研究

Objective To investigate the effects of Girdin on apoptosis of LN229 glioblastoma cells by Girdin small RNA interference (RNAi) technology and the molecular mechanisms. Methods Girdin expression was knocked down in LN229 glioblastoma cells by Girdin small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expression levels of Girdin, cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and Bad proteins in glioblastoma LN229 cells were detected by Western blotting. Stable clones were used to measure cells survival ratio by proliferation assay and methyl thiazol tetrazolium ( MTT) assay. Flow Cytometry was used to examine the content of Cyt-C in siGirdin/LN229 and scr/LN229. 20 male athymic Nu/Nu mice were subcutaneously injected with siGirdin/LN229 or scr/LN229 cells respectively to study the growth of tumor in each group. Results Western blotting showed that the expression of Girdin was decreased significantly. The relative intensity of Cyt-C and Bad in siGirdin/LN229 cells was 3. 57 ±0.43 and 4. 78 ± 1. 03 respectively, and the relative intensity of Cyt-C and Bad in scr/LN229 was 1. 13 ±0. 11,1. 78 ±0.20 respectively (P＜0. 05). The mean fluorescence density of Cyt-C in siGirdin/LN229 and scr/LN229 by flow cytometry was 12 531.00 ±1412. 98 and 183. 67 ±41. 55 respectively. Meanwhile, the number of siGirdin/LN229 cells was obviously decreased as compared with control group in proliferation assay. The number of siGirdin/LN229 cells on the 6th day was (15. 08 ± 1.17) x 104, and that of scr/LN229 cells was (53. 93 ± 6. 26) x 104. MTT assay revealed the survival rate of siGirdin/LN229 on the 5th day was (323. 15 ± 57. 01) % , and that of scr/LN229 was (640.67 ±59.66)%, P＜0.05. Additionally, the volume of xenograft tumors in siGirdin/LN229 group was decreased significantly as compared with control group. The volume of xenograft tumors in siGirdin/LN229 group was (36.42 ±2. 00) mm3, and that in scr/LN229 group was (262. 42 ±24. 12) mm3 at the 7.5th week. Conclusion Girdin plays a critical role in apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. Inhibition of Girdin by siRNA could promote the apoptosis of glioblastoma LN229 cells through the release of Cyt-C from mitochondria and up-regulation of Bad.     

Girdin蛋白调控恶性胶质瘤细胞凋亡的研究

Objective To investigate the effects of Girdin on apoptosis of LN229 glioblastoma cells by Girdin small RNA interference (RNAi) technology and the molecular mechanisms. Methods Girdin expression was knocked down in LN229 glioblastoma cells by Girdin small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expression levels of Girdin, cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and Bad proteins in glioblastoma LN229 cells were detected by Western blotting. Stable clones were used to measure cells survival ratio by proliferation assay and methyl thiazol tetrazolium ( MTT) assay. Flow Cytometry was used to examine the content of Cyt-C in siGirdin/LN229 and scr/LN229. 20 male athymic Nu/Nu mice were subcutaneously injected with siGirdin/LN229 or scr/LN229 cells respectively to study the growth of tumor in each group. Results Western blotting showed that the expression of Girdin was decreased significantly. The relative intensity of Cyt-C and Bad in siGirdin/LN229 cells was 3. 57 ±0.43 and 4. 78 ± 1. 03 respectively, and the relative intensity of Cyt-C and Bad in scr/LN229 was 1. 13 ±0. 11,1. 78 ±0.20 respectively (P＜0. 05). The mean fluorescence density of Cyt-C in siGirdin/LN229 and scr/LN229 by flow cytometry was 12 531.00 ±1412. 98 and 183. 67 ±41. 55 respectively. Meanwhile, the number of siGirdin/LN229 cells was obviously decreased as compared with control group in proliferation assay. The number of siGirdin/LN229 cells on the 6th day was (15. 08 ± 1.17) x 104, and that of scr/LN229 cells was (53. 93 ± 6. 26) x 104. MTT assay revealed the survival rate of siGirdin/LN229 on the 5th day was (323. 15 ± 57. 01) % , and that of scr/LN229 was (640.67 ±59.66)%, P＜0.05. Additionally, the volume of xenograft tumors in siGirdin/LN229 group was decreased significantly as compared with control group. The volume of xenograft tumors in siGirdin/LN229 group was (36.42 ±2. 00) mm3, and that in scr/LN229 group was (262. 42 ±24. 12) mm3 at the 7.5th week. Conclusion Girdin plays a critical role in apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. Inhibition of Girdin by siRNA could promote the apoptosis of glioblastoma LN229 cells through the release of Cyt-C from mitochondria and up-regulation of Bad.     

Girdin蛋白调控恶性胶质瘤细胞凋亡的研究

目的 观察抑制恶性胶质瘤LN229细胞中Girdin蛋白的表达对细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨其分子机制.方法 利用小RNA干扰(siRNA)技术,沉默LN229细胞中Girdin的表达,得到实验组克隆(siGirdin/LN229),阴性对照组命名为scr/LN229.采用Western blot技术检测Girdin、细胞色素C(Cyt-C)及Bad蛋白水平的变化.利用增殖实验、噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测LN229细胞的存活率;应用流式细胞术检测线粒体释放的Cyt-C量的变化.建立成瘤模型(每组20只),观察Girdin降表达对移植瘤生长情况的影响.结果 siRNA技术有效沉默了LN229细胞中Girdin的表达.增殖实验显示siGirdin/LN229细胞增殖能力下降(P＜0.05),至第6天时实验组细胞数为(15.08±1.17)×104;对照组为(53.93±6.26)×104.MTT实验发现siGirdin/LN229细胞的存活率明显下降(P＜0.05),第5天时实验组为(323.15±57.01)%;对照组为(640.67±59.66)%.流式检测显示siGirdin/LN229细胞Cyt-C含量增加,平均荧光强度为12531.00±1412.98,对照组为183.67±41.55(P＜0.01).分析Western blot结果显示,siGirdin/LN229细胞Cyt-C、Bad的相对灰度值分别为3.57±0.43和4.78±1.03,均高于对照组Cyt-C、Bad的表达水平(相对灰度值分别为1.13±0.1 1、1.78±0.20).体内实验证实Girdin降表达组肿瘤体积明显小于对照组(P＜0.05),至第7.5周时.siGirdin/LN229组肿瘤体积为(36.42±2.00)mm3,对照组为(262.42±24.12)mm3.结论 Girdin能够调控胶质瘤细胞LN229的凋亡,其调节细胞凋亡的机制可能与Cyt-C从线粒体释放及Bad的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of Girdin on apoptosis of LN229 glioblastoma cells by Girdin small RNA interference (RNAi) technology and the molecular mechanisms. Methods Girdin expression was knocked down in LN229 glioblastoma cells by Girdin small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expression levels of Girdin, cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and Bad proteins in glioblastoma LN229 cells were detected by Western blotting. Stable clones were used to measure cells survival ratio by proliferation assay and methyl thiazol tetrazolium ( MTT) assay. Flow Cytometry was used to examine the content of Cyt-C in siGirdin/LN229 and scr/LN229. 20 male athymic Nu/Nu mice were subcutaneously injected with siGirdin/LN229 or scr/LN229 cells respectively to study the growth of tumor in each group. Results Western blotting showed that the expression of Girdin was decreased significantly. The relative intensity of Cyt-C and Bad in siGirdin/LN229 cells was 3. 57 ±0.43 and 4. 78 ± 1. 03 respectively, and the relative intensity of Cyt-C and Bad in scr/LN229 was 1. 13 ±0. 11,1. 78 ±0.20 respectively (P＜0. 05). The mean fluorescence density of Cyt-C in siGirdin/LN229 and scr/LN229 by flow cytometry was 12 531.00 ±1412. 98 and 183. 67 ±41. 55 respectively. Meanwhile, the number of siGirdin/LN229 cells was obviously decreased as compared with control group in proliferation assay. The number of siGirdin/LN229 cells on the 6th day was (15. 08 ± 1.17) x 104, and that of scr/LN229 cells was (53. 93 ± 6. 26) x 104. MTT assay revealed the survival rate of siGirdin/LN229 on the 5th day was (323. 15 ± 57. 01) % , and that of scr/LN229 was (640.67 ±59.66)%, P＜0.05. Additionally, the volume of xenograft tumors in siGirdin/LN229 group was decreased significantly as compared with control group. The volume of xenograft tumors in siGirdin/LN229 group was (36.42 ±2. 00) mm3, and that in scr/LN229 group was (262. 42 ±24. 12) mm3 at the 7.5th week. Conclusion Girdin plays a critical role in apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. Inhibition of Girdin by siRNA could promote the apoptosis of glioblastoma LN229 cells through the release of Cyt-C from mitochondria and up-regulation of Bad.     

狼疮性肾炎病理分型新标准

狼疮性肾炎(LN)在病理表现上具有多样性和非典型性的特征,为了便于临床上对其病变情况、严重程度及预后等进行评估,并使临床、病理学家之间达成同一标准,1974年由Piran和Pollak领行制定了WHO的第一个LN病理分型的雏形,该方案主要着眼于肾小球的病理变化.1982年WHO接受并公布了由国际儿童肾脏病研究组对LN病理分型的修订方案.1995年,人们注意到节段性毛细血管袢坏死现象及预后问题,并对WHO 1982年方案进行再次修订,一直延用至今.     

微血管密度和层粘连蛋白在直肠癌组织中的表达

基底膜是宿主与癌细胞的重要屏障,层粘连蛋白(laminin,LN)是基底膜的重要组成成份.微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)或LN作为肿瘤的预后指标已有报道[1].为了研究MVD与LN在直肠癌组织中的表达特点及其相互关系,我们检测了31例直肠癌MVD和LN.     

水通道蛋白4调控恶性胶质瘤细胞凋亡的研究

目的 观察抑制胶质瘤细胞LN229中水通道蛋白4(AQP4)的表达对胶质瘤细胞凋亡的影响,探讨其分子机制.方法 利用小RNA干扰(siRNA)技术稳定转染恶性胶质瘤细胞株LN229并得到细胞克隆(实验组siAQP4/LN229和对照组scr/LN229),Western blot技术检测AQP4的蛋白表达;噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞的存活率;流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞色素C(Cyt-C)含量的变化,并用Western blot检测Cyt-C、bcl-2及Bacl的变化.建立裸鼠皮下成瘤模型,接种siAQP4/LN229和scr/LN229两组细胞(每组20只),观察AQP4降表达对移植瘤生长的影响.结果 稳定转染LN229筛选出AQP4降表达的稳定克隆(clone 2),与对照组比较AQP4的表达明显降低,MTT比色法分别检测在6 d内两组细胞的存活率,第6天存活率分别为:scr/LN229组(587.00±4.68)%.siAQP4/N229组(317.00±26.30)%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);应用流式细胞术检测发现Cyt-C的平均荧光强度分别为ser/LN229组(57.20±16.64),siAQP4/LN229组(468.80±46.90),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在蛋白水平上,siAQP4/LN229组Cyt-C含量的相对灰度值(1.62±0.16)较scr/LN229组(0.83±0.29)显著升高,siAQP4/LN229组B8d含量(1.30±0.24)较ser/LN229组(0.56±0.21)显著增加,而siAQP4/LN229组bcl-2含量(0.53±0.03)较scr/LN229组(0.73±0.12)的表达明显降低(P＜0.05).裸鼠皮下成瘤实验显示第6周时,成瘤平均体积分别为对照组(402.67±34.27)mm3,实验组(65.15±32.12)mm3,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 AQP4能够调控胶质瘤细胞LN229的凋亡,其调节机制可能与Cyt-C的释放及凋亡相关基因Bad和bcl-2有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of apuaporin 4 (AQP4) on apoposis of LN229 glioblastoma cells by AQP4 small RNA interference (siRNA) technology and the molecular mechanism.Methods AQP4 expression was knocked down in LN229 glioblastoma cells by AQP4 siRNA (scr/LN229 and siAQP4/LN229 cells). The expression level of AQP4 protein in LN229 cells was detected by Western blotting. Stable clones were used to measure cells survival ratio (6 days) by methyl thiazol tetrazolium ( MTT) assay. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to examine the content of cytochrome C in siAQP4/LN229 and scr/LN229. Western blotting was used to measure the levels of cytochrome C, bcl-2 and Bad. Nu/Nu mice were subcutaneously injected with siAQP4/LN229 and scr/LN229 cells to study the growth of tumor in the two groups (20 mice in each group). Results Western blotting showed that the expression of AQP4 was decreased significantly; MTT assay suggested that the survival ratio was decreased with deficiency of AQP4: the survival ratio of scr/LN229 was (587.00 ±4.68)%, and the ratio of siAQP4/N229 was (317. 00 ± 26. 30)% at sixth day (P＜0. 05). The mean fluorescence density of cytochrome C in scr/LN229 and siAQP4/LN229 by FCM was (57.2 ± 16.64) and (468.8 ±46.9) respectively (P＜0.05). The relative intensity of cytochrome C and Bad in siAQP4/N229 cells was ( 1. 62 ±0. 16) and (1. 30 ±0. 24) respectively, and that in scr/LN229 cells was (0. 83 ±0. 29) and (0. 56 ±0. 21) respectively (P＜0. 05). The intensity of bcl-2 in siAQP4/N229 cells (0.53 ±0.03) was decreased compared to scr/LN229 cells (0. 73 ± 0. 12) ( P ＜ 0. 05). The subcutaneous mouse xenograft model showed that the mean tumor volume of scr/LN229 group was (402. 67 ±34. 27) mm3, and that of siAQP4/N229 group was (65. 15 ±32. 12) mm3 at the 6th week. Conclusion AQP4 can regulate apoptosis of glioblastoma cell line LN229, which may be related with the release of cytocherome C, Bad and bcl-2.     

血管内皮细胞生长因子表达与狼疮肾炎肾脏病理的关系

研究发现血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)有增加血管通透性、促进内皮细胞增殖、血管生成修复等功能。狼疮肾炎(LN)肾脏病理改变呈多样化,并多伴有肾脏微血管或小血管的损害。VEGF在LN的表达如何并在疾病转归上是否有一定作用,目前研究不多。我们对LN患者肾组织VEGF的表达进行了研究。一、对象与方法1.病例选择:LN患者40例,为1999年1月～2003年4月我院住院患者,其中男6例,女34例,平均年龄(30.6±12)岁。全部病例符合美国风湿病协会1982年系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)诊断标准,并有持续性蛋白尿超过0.5g/d或(和)管型尿,确诊为LN。按世界卫生组…     

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目的　研究直肠癌系膜内淋巴结 (LN)大小、数目及肿瘤转移和微转移情况 ,探讨直肠系膜LN微转移对预后的影响。方法　收集 2 0 0 1年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 10月行全直肠系膜切除的直肠癌标本 31例 ,检取系膜内LN后以常规病理结合免疫组化染色检测 ,分析直肠癌预后与系膜LN微转移的关系。结果　 31例标本共切取LN 5 4 8枚 ,每例 (17 7± 8 2 )枚 ,LN直径 (4 1± 1 8)mm ,转移LN直径 (5 2± 1 7)mm ,微转移LN直径 (3 9± 1 4 )mm。6 6 8%系膜LN、5 2 6 %转移LN及 79 5 %微转移LN直径 <5mm。术后随访 (2 4 6± 4 7)个月 ,5例 (16 7% )病人复发 ,其中 2例死亡 ,3例仍存活。另有 1例死于与肿瘤无关疾病。所有复发病例直肠系膜内均查见 3个以上LN受累。复发组和无复发组平均每例转移LN和微转移LN数目差异均具有显著性。结论　直肠癌系膜内大部分LN、转移LN和微转移LN直径均 <5mm ;直肠癌LN转移和微转移状态 ,以及受累LN数目与病人术后复发有关。     

中西医结合诊治系统性红斑狼疮及狼疮肾炎的经验与体会

系统性红斑性狼疮(SLE)有肾损害者称为狼疮性肾炎(LN).事实上,几乎所有SLE患者的肾组织上都存在肾病变,病变明显者多提示疾病处于活动期.16年来,我科收治LN资料较完整的患者243例,现就其诊断和治疗问题,介绍如下.     

水通道蛋白4调控恶性胶质瘤细胞凋亡的研究

Objective To investigate the effects of apuaporin 4 (AQP4) on apoposis of LN229 glioblastoma cells by AQP4 small RNA interference (siRNA) technology and the molecular mechanism.Methods AQP4 expression was knocked down in LN229 glioblastoma cells by AQP4 siRNA (scr/LN229 and siAQP4/LN229 cells). The expression level of AQP4 protein in LN229 cells was detected by Western blotting. Stable clones were used to measure cells survival ratio (6 days) by methyl thiazol tetrazolium ( MTT) assay. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to examine the content of cytochrome C in siAQP4/LN229 and scr/LN229. Western blotting was used to measure the levels of cytochrome C, bcl-2 and Bad. Nu/Nu mice were subcutaneously injected with siAQP4/LN229 and scr/LN229 cells to study the growth of tumor in the two groups (20 mice in each group). Results Western blotting showed that the expression of AQP4 was decreased significantly; MTT assay suggested that the survival ratio was decreased with deficiency of AQP4: the survival ratio of scr/LN229 was (587.00 ±4.68)%, and the ratio of siAQP4/N229 was (317. 00 ± 26. 30)% at sixth day (P＜0. 05). The mean fluorescence density of cytochrome C in scr/LN229 and siAQP4/LN229 by FCM was (57.2 ± 16.64) and (468.8 ±46.9) respectively (P＜0.05). The relative intensity of cytochrome C and Bad in siAQP4/N229 cells was ( 1. 62 ±0. 16) and (1. 30 ±0. 24) respectively, and that in scr/LN229 cells was (0. 83 ±0. 29) and (0. 56 ±0. 21) respectively (P＜0. 05). The intensity of bcl-2 in siAQP4/N229 cells (0.53 ±0.03) was decreased compared to scr/LN229 cells (0. 73 ± 0. 12) ( P ＜ 0. 05). The subcutaneous mouse xenograft model showed that the mean tumor volume of scr/LN229 group was (402. 67 ±34. 27) mm3, and that of siAQP4/N229 group was (65. 15 ±32. 12) mm3 at the 6th week. Conclusion AQP4 can regulate apoptosis of glioblastoma cell line LN229, which may be related with the release of cytocherome C, Bad and bcl-2.     

终末期狼疮性肾炎临床表现和治疗及预后分析

目的：探讨终末期狼疮性肾炎(LN)的临床表现和治疗的关系。方法：分析1986年～1999年62例LN终末期肾脏病(ESRD)病人的临床活动性指标和死亡原N,分析比较LN与非LN透析病人的存活率。结果：本组LN病人发展至ESRD透析时,活动性指标的计分呈下降趋势,但机制未明;透析后3、6、10年存活率分别为81．25％、51．20％、32．12％,与非LN透析后的83．10％、54．37％、35．67％相比近似,而死亡原因以感染居多。结论：LN的ESRD期病人一般不需要抗SLE活动性的治疗;该期病人与非LN的ESRD期病人替代治疗的存活率之间,在统计学上无明显差异。     

水通道蛋白4调控恶性胶质瘤细胞凋亡的研究

Objective To investigate the effects of apuaporin 4 (AQP4) on apoposis of LN229 glioblastoma cells by AQP4 small RNA interference (siRNA) technology and the molecular mechanism.Methods AQP4 expression was knocked down in LN229 glioblastoma cells by AQP4 siRNA (scr/LN229 and siAQP4/LN229 cells). The expression level of AQP4 protein in LN229 cells was detected by Western blotting. Stable clones were used to measure cells survival ratio (6 days) by methyl thiazol tetrazolium ( MTT) assay. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to examine the content of cytochrome C in siAQP4/LN229 and scr/LN229. Western blotting was used to measure the levels of cytochrome C, bcl-2 and Bad. Nu/Nu mice were subcutaneously injected with siAQP4/LN229 and scr/LN229 cells to study the growth of tumor in the two groups (20 mice in each group). Results Western blotting showed that the expression of AQP4 was decreased significantly; MTT assay suggested that the survival ratio was decreased with deficiency of AQP4: the survival ratio of scr/LN229 was (587.00 ±4.68)%, and the ratio of siAQP4/N229 was (317. 00 ± 26. 30)% at sixth day (P＜0. 05). The mean fluorescence density of cytochrome C in scr/LN229 and siAQP4/LN229 by FCM was (57.2 ± 16.64) and (468.8 ±46.9) respectively (P＜0.05). The relative intensity of cytochrome C and Bad in siAQP4/N229 cells was ( 1. 62 ±0. 16) and (1. 30 ±0. 24) respectively, and that in scr/LN229 cells was (0. 83 ±0. 29) and (0. 56 ±0. 21) respectively (P＜0. 05). The intensity of bcl-2 in siAQP4/N229 cells (0.53 ±0.03) was decreased compared to scr/LN229 cells (0. 73 ± 0. 12) ( P ＜ 0. 05). The subcutaneous mouse xenograft model showed that the mean tumor volume of scr/LN229 group was (402. 67 ±34. 27) mm3, and that of siAQP4/N229 group was (65. 15 ±32. 12) mm3 at the 6th week. Conclusion AQP4 can regulate apoptosis of glioblastoma cell line LN229, which may be related with the release of cytocherome C, Bad and bcl-2.     

FEN1基因突变在狼疮肾炎凋亡核小体清除机制中的作用

狼疮肾炎(LN)是系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)最常见的严重脏器损伤.目前,常规的免疫抑制剂疗法,如泼尼松、环磷酰胺、霉酚酸酯、FK506等,均不同程度地存在治疗靶向性差、缓解率不高、容易复发的缺点[1].开拓新的治疗理念,探索新的治疗方法对提高疗效、改善预后极为迫切.而对LN发病机制的深入探讨有望从根本上获得LN治疗的突破.LN是多基因表达异常所致的自身免疫性疾病,细胞凋亡产生的核小体与其抗体间的作用是LN发生、发展的中心环节[2].