聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫夹芯复合材料的滚筒剥离性能研究

系统研究了泡沫密度、泡孔孔径、成型方式、芯材或蒙皮表面的糙化处理对聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫夹芯复合材料剥离强度性能的影响。研究结果表明,泡沫密度、泡孔孔径、成型方式和表面糙化对PMI夹芯复合材料的剥离强度提高均有明显作用,其中以泡沫密度和泡孔孔径影响最为显著,分别提高了157%和95%。本研究内容对如何提高PMI泡沫夹芯复合材料的剥离强度具有很好的工艺指导作用。     

PMI泡沫夹芯复合材料湿热老化性能研究

通过对夹芯结构复合材料湿热老化性能的研究,探究环境对夹芯结构复合材料性能的影响。实验中采用了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)、玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂(SW110C/608)复合材料面板制备了PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料,研究了PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的耐湿热老化特性,并讨论了湿热对PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的压缩性能以及弯曲性能的影响。结果发现,PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料浸泡在水中时的饱和吸湿时间为30d,饱和吸水率为4.08%,通过Fick第二扩散定律发现水分子在PMI泡沫中的扩散系数为水分子在面板扩散系数的29.29倍,由于水分子的增塑作用以及浓度梯度扩散的影响,湿热处理后的PMI泡沫夹芯复合材料的平压强度下降了32.86%,侧压强度下降了16.73%,弯曲强度下降了23.94%。     

泡沫夹芯结构复合材料VARI工艺模拟研究

提出了一种简单方便的等效建模法,解决了大尺寸夹芯结构或复杂形状夹芯结构真空辅助树脂灌注(VARI)成型工艺模拟仿真计算量大,效率不高的难题。采用等效建模法和细化建模法对矩形泡沫夹芯结构复合材料平板的VARI工艺进行了模拟仿真分析,并结合工艺成型实验进行了验证。结果表明,由两种方法计算得到的理论充模时间与实测树脂充模时间基本一致,采用等效建模法所得树脂流动前锋位置曲线与工艺成型实验测试值更加吻合。     

不同增强方式下泡沫夹芯复合材料三点弯曲性能研究

研究了缝合及加强筋增强方式下泡沫夹芯复合材料的三点弯曲性能。采用万能试验机分别进行了缝合与未缝合碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玻碳混杂纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的三点弯曲实验,分别得出各自的载荷-挠度曲线,再引入加强筋的方式进一步研究缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的弯曲性能。结果表明,玻碳混杂纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料较玻璃纤维泡沫夹心复合材料性能有所提升;引入加强筋会使缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的弯曲强度从17.79 MPa增大到37.47 MPa,且随着加强筋数量增多,缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的弯曲性能得到提升;在加强筋数量相同（2根）的情况下,加强筋平行铺放时弯曲性能最好,弯曲强度达到46.96 MPa,20 °交叉铺放时次之,十字铺放时最差。     

缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料力学性能研究

采用机械缝合设备连续制备了"X"型构型缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构预成型体,并采用真空导入模塑工艺(VIMP)整体成型了缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料。实验研究了面板纤维布层数、面板纤维布穿透缝合层数、缝合角度、缝合针距及纱线股数对缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料弯曲性能和平压性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:与未缝合结构相比,缝合结构在质量未明显增加的情况下,弯曲性能和压缩性能得到了显著提高,其弯曲刚度最大提高了4.66倍,破坏载荷最大提高了13.8倍;压缩强度和压缩模量最大分别提高了26.2倍和15.2倍。     

双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁弯曲性能试验

复合材料夹层结构具有比强度高、比刚度高、可设计性强、耐腐蚀等特点,以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁。对无格构泡沫夹芯复合材料梁,不同腹板高度、腹板间距双向格构增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁进行三点弯曲试验,研究其破坏模式和机理。基于泡沫填充矩形蜂窝芯材的等效十字模型,预估试件的抗弯刚度和挠度,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

高温对PVC60树脂增强泡沫复合材料的影响

测试了常温(23℃)和高温(50℃)下PVC60泡沫与树脂复合材料的夹芯结构关键力学性能变化。实验结果表明：高温条件下,PVC60树脂增强泡沫复合材料夹芯结构强度、模量会大幅度下降,压缩强度和剪切强度衰减也都超过了10%;3方向拉伸、3方向压缩、3方向剪切模量的高温数据衰减幅度均超过10%。PVC60树脂增强泡沫复合材料设计应考虑高温衰减幅度,夹芯结构设计值建议比测试值低20%以上。     

成型工艺对玄武岩纤维增强PPS夹芯结构材料力学性能影响

夹芯结构材料具备质量轻、刚性高、功能综合型等优点,广泛应用于航天航空、交通运输、功能材料等领域。为研究成型工艺对夹芯结构材料性能的影响,以玄武岩纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合材料、连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯单向预浸带为原材料,探究了模压成型工艺中贴合压力、热压温度、热压时间以及芯层材料密度等因素对夹芯结构材料性能的影响。结果表明,模压成型工艺中热压温度和热压时间的最优条件为220℃,15 min;芯层材料的密度减小时,其弯曲性能、冲击强度呈先增大后下降的趋势,弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量最大为271.53 MPa,18 672.72 MPa,冲击强度最大为119.21 kJ/m2。芯层材料的密度减小时,其弯曲刚度呈上升趋势,最大弯曲刚度可达15 441.16 N·mm。     

格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷试验

采用真空导入成型工艺,制备以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板的双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁。对普通泡沫夹芯梁和格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁进行准静态压陷性能测试并进行对比分析。结果表明:格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁相对于普通泡沫夹芯梁,其抗压陷能力得到了显著提升,通过理论推导得出格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷表达式,并且与试验进行对比,结果较吻合。     

水溶性芯模在VARI成型工艺中的应用研究

制备了一种低成本易成型的水溶性芯模,对其成型收缩率、压缩性能、水溶性及气密性进行了研究,结果表明采用石英砂制备的可溶性芯模成型前后具有良好的尺寸稳定性,在室温至120℃区间内压缩强度均高于3 MPa,浸泡在常温水溶液中1 min内能够快速溃散至砂粒状态,经表面封孔处理后能够达到VARI成型工艺对模具的气密性要求。通过在填充可溶性芯模的中空金属框表面进行VARI工艺验证试验,表明制备的水溶性芯模能够作为VARI工艺模具使用,且脱模简单方便,对制品表观质量基本没有影响,具有良好的应用前景。     

Foam sandwich composites with cyanate ester based syntactic foam as core and carbon‐cyanate ester as skin: Processing and properties

Foam sandwich composites were processed using cyanate ester‐based syntactic foam as core and carbon fabric‐cyanate ester composite as skin. They were processed by a one‐step compression‐molding technique. The mechanical performance of the sandwich composites was evaluated in terms of flatwise tensile strength (FTS), flatwise compressive strength, and edgewise compressive strength. The dependency of these properties on the core composition was investigated. FTS initially increased with the increase in resin content of the syntactic foam core. However, higher resin content in the core led to a diminution in FTS due to high void content. The flatwise compressive strength and edgewise compressive strength and the corresponding moduli values showed an increasing trend with increase in resin content of the core despite the presence of voids at high resin content. The failure modes of the composites under different loading conditions have been examined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Peel strength improvement of foam core sandwich beams by epoxy resin impregnation on the foam surface

The interfacial adhesion characteristics between foam cores and faces affect much the structural integrity of foam core sandwich structures. The peel strength between the face plate and the foam core is one of the appropriate parameters for the interfacial characteristics of sandwich structures and its peel energy is also measured for the interfacial characterization. The peel strength is the first peak force per unit width of bondline required to produce progressive separation, and the peel energy is the amount of energy per unit bonding area associated with a crack opening. In this study, to improve the peel strength between the foam core and the face plate of foam core sandwich beams, the surfaces of foam core sandwich beams were resin-impregnated. Then the peel strength as well as peel energy of resin impregnated polyurethane foam core sandwich beams were measured by the cleavage peel test and compared with those of the same sandwich beams without surface resin impregnation on the foam surface.     

泡沫夹芯结构板泡沫壁流道内的流动特性

沟槽型真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺（VARTM）是一种新型的泡沫夹芯结构板成型方法,利用实验探明了泡沫夹芯结构板芯材上不可渗泡沫壁流道内的流动行为。实验结果表明,液体在泡沫壁流道的流动能力大幅降低,只有光滑壁流道的60%左右,泡沫壁流道的粗糙内表面是造成这种现象的主要原因。提出了相应的压力驱动流动方程,并采用等效渗透率来表征液体在泡沫壁流道内的流动能力,得到了考虑粗糙表面影响的等效渗透率计算公式,提出了一个正确计算不可渗泡沫壁流道内流动的处理方法。     

轨道车辆泡沫夹芯中顶板夹层设计与优化

轨道车辆的生产中大量采用平板铝合金或玻璃钢板件,产品质量偏重且材料容易出现下垂,满足不了车体轻量化与美观的需求。通过仿真与试验结合的方式研究酚醛泡沫、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)泡沫、聚氯乙烯(PVC)泡沫夹芯中的面板厚度、芯材模量对中顶板质量及下垂挠度的影响,测试了不同复合夹芯板的平拉强度、平压强度以及弯曲强度。结果表明:经过芯材选型优化后,平拉强度≥2 MPa、平压强度≥2 MPa、弯曲强度≥25 MPa、面密度≤7.5 kg/m²、下垂挠度≤2 mm的泡沫夹芯为中顶板的最优结构组成。     

A study on the compressive characteristics of co‐cured foam‐composite sandwich structures according to the crimp angle variations

A foam‐composite sandwich column composed of two‐ply carbon/epoxy fabric prepreg as a skin and PVC foam for a core material was investigated to determine the effect of crimp angle variations of the fabric prepreg on the compressive characteristics of the sandwich column. The crimp angle of the composite skin was observed and measured in terms of the forming pressure and the foam density as correlated with the foam deformation regimes. End compression tests for the foam‐composite sandwich columns were carried out to obtain the values of the compressive modulus and strength depending on the crimp angle variations. From the tests and observation results, it was found that the crimp angle and compressive strength were highly correlated; as the crimp angle increased, the compressive strength decreased as a large‐crimp angle caused the composite skin to fail due to simple microbuckling of the longitudinal tows. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Analytical method for determination of temperature-induced interfacial shear stress in foam-core composite sandwich materials

Composite sandwich materials with glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) skins and a foam core have been widely used in civil engineering. However, the interfacial delamination is the main failure mode in practice, especially at elevated temperatures. Temperature-induced interfacial shear stress can be generated because of the different coefficients of thermal expansion of GFRP skin and foam core, which can weaken the interfacial bond strength of sandwich materials. In this study, to investigate the distribution of temperature-induced interfacial strain, an analytical model was developed by using the infinitesimal method. In the meantime, a series of foam-core composite sandwich materials were tested via a kind of non-direct test method at different temperatures to validate the accuracy of the proposed analytical model. Finally, the comparison between experimental and analytical results demonstrates that the proposed analytical model can predict the interfacial strain distribution of sandwich structures at elevated temperatures.     

格构增强型复合材料夹层结构的制备与受力性能

真空导入成型工艺是一种新型的适合大型/异型复合材料结构件成型的技术.选用H-60 PVC泡沫、四轴向玻璃纤维布以及乙烯基酯树脂,通过在泡沫芯材上、下表面开槽,同时沿芯材厚度方向剖开,采用真空导入成型工艺制备出在结构上具有创新构型的格构增强型复合材料夹层结构.研究结果表明,真空导入成型工艺充模速度快、成型效益高;格构增强型复合材料夹层结构的剪切、平压与抗弯性能均较传统夹层结构得以提高;其格构腹板可有效抑制泡沫芯材剪切裂纹的扩展,避免面板与芯材的剥离破坏;阐明了格构增强型复合材料夹层结构的受弯极限承载能力.