西秦岭江里沟钨铜钼矿床矿石类型及矿物组合

江里沟钨铜钼矿床位于西秦岭西段同仁地区,经对其进行详细的宏观、微观矿石学基础研究,包括矿石类型、矿物特征、成矿期次的划分等,表明矿石类型为原生矿石,分为矽卡岩型、角岩型、云英岩型、斑岩型矿石,以矽卡岩型为主;主要有用矿物为黄铜矿、白钨矿、辉钼矿,次要矿物有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿及褐铁矿等,脉石矿物主要有石榴子石、透辉石、阳起石、绿帘石、方解石、石英、萤石等;成矿期次初步划分为两期5阶段,早期矽卡岩阶段形成钨矿。     

东天山红云滩铁矿床矿物学、矿物化学特征及矿床成因探讨

东天山红云滩铁矿赋存于下石炭统雅满苏组火山碎屑岩地层中.矿体主要呈层状、似层状、透镜状.矿石矿物以大量磁铁矿为主,含少量的磁赤铁矿、镜铁矿、黄铁矿和极少量的黄铜矿等.脉石矿物主要有石榴石、透辉石、阳起石、绿帘石、绿泥石、黑云母、钠长石、石英等.矿石构造以块状构造和浸染状构造为主,局部为条带状构造、脉状构造;矿石结构包括半自形-他形粒状结构、交代结构.围岩蚀变对称分带明显,从矿(化)体到两侧围岩,蚀变呈现从深色到浅色的变化现象.根据矿物共生组合、矿石组构的观察,本次工作识别出矽卡岩期和热液期两个成矿期,进一步细分为4个成矿阶段:矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段(主成矿期)、热液早期阶段及石英-硫化物阶段.电子探针分析表明石榴石端员组分以钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列为主,辉石端员组分以透辉石-钙铁辉石为主,角闪石端员组分主要为阳起石和透闪石,这些特点表明矿区矽卡岩为热液交代钙矽卡岩.磁铁矿的主、微量元素特征表明其形成与矽卡岩密切相关.结合成矿地质特征,认为矽卡岩是由富铁岩浆热液流体沿断裂构造运移、交代下石炭统雅满苏组富钙火山碎屑岩地层而形成的,磁铁矿的形成与矽卡岩的退化变质作用有关.     

江西朱溪铜钨多金属矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及其地质意义

朱溪铜钨多金属矿床位于赣东北深大断裂北西侧。矿体主要产于燕山期侵入岩与碳酸盐岩接触带的矽卡岩或矽卡岩化大理岩中,代表性矽卡岩矿物有石榴子石、透辉石、透闪石、硅灰石、蛇纹石、金云母、符山石、绿泥石等。根据矿物共生组合及交代关系推断流体经历了5个阶段,分别为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、石英硫化物阶段、石英碳酸盐阶段和表生氧化阶段。特征矿物的电子探针分析结果表明,石榴子石主要为钙铝榴石—钙铁榴石;辉石以透辉石—钙铁辉石系列为主;角闪石属钙角闪石系列;绿泥石主要是密绿泥石和斜绿泥石。推测岩浆侵入后,在矽卡岩阶段为中酸性弱氧化条件,在退化蚀变阶段氧逸度和p H值升高,氧化物析出,随着氧逸度的又一次降低,金属硫化物沉淀。最后,通过其矿物成分特征推测该矿床金属矿化的种类。     

江西朱溪铜钨多金属矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及其地质意义

朱溪铜钨多金属矿床位于赣东北深大断裂北西侧。矿体主要产于燕山期侵入岩与碳酸盐岩接触带的矽卡岩或矽卡岩化大理岩中,代表性矽卡岩矿物有石榴子石、透辉石、透闪石、硅灰石、蛇纹石、金云母、符山石、绿泥石等。根据矿物共生组合及交代关系推断流体经历了5个阶段,分别为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、石英硫化物阶段、石英碳酸盐阶段和表生氧化阶段。特征矿物的电子探针分析结果表明,石榴子石主要为钙铝榴石—钙铁榴石;辉石以透辉石—钙铁辉石系列为主;角闪石属钙角闪石系列;绿泥石主要是密绿泥石和斜绿泥石。推测岩浆侵入后,在矽卡岩阶段为中酸性弱氧化条件,在退化蚀变阶段氧逸度和pH值升高,氧化物析出,随着氧逸度的又一次降低,金属硫化物沉淀。最后,通过其矿物成分特征推测该矿床金属矿化的种类。     

青海尕林格铁矿床矽卡岩矿物学及蚀变分带

尕林格矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床位于青海省西部祁曼塔格成矿亚带的中部.矿体处于花岗闪长岩与滩间山群白云质大理岩接触带内以及外接触带沿NWW向断裂构造破碎带分布的大理岩和蚀变安山岩内.从侵入接触带往东,蚀变岩石分带性明显,主要划分出3种含矿矽卡岩带:含Fe的镁质矽卡岩带,含Fe、Cu的钙质矽卡岩带,含Fe、Pb、Zn的锰-钙质矽卡岩带.镁质矽卡岩带的矽卡岩矿物主要包括镁橄榄石及其蚀变矿物蛇纹石、粒硅镁石、透辉石、斜绿泥石,有关的金属矿物主要为磁铁矿.钙质矽卡岩带的主要矽卡岩矿物有绿钙闪石、铁阳起石、钙铁辉石、铁叶绿泥石、磷灰石、中长石,有关的金属矿物为磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿和少量黄铜矿.与锰-钙质矽卡岩有关的矽卡岩矿物有锰钙铁辉石、钙铁榴石、钙铝榴石、铁镁绿泥石、绿帘石、硅灰石、磷灰石、钙长石等,金属矿物有方铅矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿和磁黄铁矿.通过对矿物组合的研究,确定了不同矿物组合的生成关系,划分了成矿期次,分为矽卡岩期、退化蚀变期和金属硫化物期,矽卡岩期又分为早、晚2个阶段.矽卡岩早期生成的石榴子石的化学成分端员以钙铝榴石(Gro67～ 99)为主,辉石的成分端员以透辉石(Di96～ 98)为主;矽卡岩期晚期阶段石榴子石的化学成分端员以钙铁榴石(Ad78～98)为主,辉石的成分端员以钙铁辉石(Hd68～ 84)为主.与中国东部矽卡岩型矿床进行对比后发现,锰-钙质矽卡岩带是一种向锰质矽卡岩带过渡的类型,对于寻找与锰质矽卡岩有关的矿化类型具有指示意义.     

西天山卡特巴阿苏金铜矿床围岩蚀变特征及地质意义

卡特巴阿苏金铜矿床位于新疆那拉提中天山构造带北缘,是近年来发现的首个特大型金铜矿床。矿体受二长花岗岩体内断层破碎带-节理构造系统及二长花岗岩、闪长质岩脉与大理岩捕掳体接触带的控制。矿区存在2类蚀变:①在二长花岗岩内,从破碎带中心向两侧依次为钾化、硅化-绢云母化、绿泥石化、高岭土化的蚀变;②二长花岗岩体、闪长质岩脉与大理岩捕掳体内、外接触带的矽卡岩化,蚀变矿物主要为石榴石、辉石、角闪石、绿帘石等,具明显分带特征。矽卡岩矿物的电子探针分析结果显示为钙矽卡岩。金矿体、金铜矿体在空间上不完全重叠,结合矿石、矽卡岩结构构造特征,认为本区存在2期成矿作用,分别与二长花岗岩和闪长岩脉岩浆期后热液作用有关,早期以金矿化为主,晚期以金铜矿化为主,且矿化局部叠加于早期矿体之上。矿床类型为矽卡岩-破碎带蚀变岩复合型金铜矿床。     

安徽池州许桥银矿地质特征及矿区深部找矿方向

许桥银矿床位于长江中下游成矿带安庆-贵池矿集区东南部,矿床银储量达到中型规模,成矿岩体为分水岭石英闪长岩,矿体主要呈似层状赋存于分水岭岩体北东侧奥陶系仑山组、汤山组地层层间裂隙中;矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿、黄铜矿、辉银矿、自然银,脉石矿物为石英、碳酸盐矿物;矿石组构以自形-他形晶结构、交代结构、稀疏浸染状构造和网脉状构造为主;围岩蚀变类型主要有硅化、碳酸盐化、矽卡岩化、绿泥石化等;许桥银矿床成矿作用经历了两个成矿期：热液期和表生期,热液期又可分为三个成矿阶段,即为矽卡岩阶段、石英-硫化物阶段及碳酸盐-硫化物阶段;成矿流体早期以岩浆热液为主、晚期混有大气降水的流体演化特征;成矿物质主要来源于岩浆热液,地层贡献了部分矿质;成矿温度为中低温（208～259℃）,矿床类型为中低温热液银多金属矿床,并指明了矿区深部找矿方向。     

广东省天堂铜铅锌多金属矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及其地质意义

天堂矿床是粤西地区以泥盆系上统天子岭组灰岩为围岩的大型矽卡岩型铜铅锌多金属矿床,矿体呈似层状、层状、透镜状、不规则状等产出在矽卡岩和矽卡岩化大理岩中,矿区发育石榴子石、透辉石、绿帘石、硅灰石、绿泥石等蚀变矿物,金属矿物主要包括黄铜矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿等。本文以主要矽卡岩矿物为研究对象,利用电子探针技术对其矿物学特征进行研究。电子探针分析结果表明:天堂铜铅锌多金属矿床矽卡岩属于交代矽卡岩中典型的钙矽卡岩。石榴子石以钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石系列为主,从早到晚具有从钙铝榴石为主到钙铁榴石为主的演化趋势,说明成矿流体由酸性向碱性演化。辉石以透辉石为主,石榴子石和辉石的矿物组分分别为Adr4.60~96.47Grs2.10~94.28(Prp+Sps)0.41~3.88和Di88.51~95.09Hd3.31~9.76Jo0.28~3.98,其较大的成分变化特征反映出矽卡岩不是在一个完全封闭的平衡条件下形成的。帘石主要为绿帘石,含有少量的黝帘石。矿物成分分析表明辉石的Mn/Fe比值和矿化金属元素存在一定的联系。通过矽卡岩矿物学特征分析,进一步证实天堂铜铅锌多金属矿床是花岗岩类岩浆交代灰岩而形成的典型矽卡岩型矿床。     

秦岭山阳-柞水矿集区150~140Ma斑岩-矽卡岩型CuMoFe(Au)矿床成矿作用研究

秦岭造山带内的山阳-柞水古生代弧前盆地中出露有池沟、小河口、冷水沟、园子街、下官坊及双元沟等CuMo、CuFe(Au)矿床,与这些矿床具有成因联系的岩体为形成于150~140Ma的高钾钙碱性和钾玄岩系列花岗岩,为华北和扬子大陆碰撞后伸展阶段壳、幔混合岩浆的产物。矿化主要发生在岩体与泥盆、石炭纪地层中碳酸盐岩的接触带附近,主要类型为矽卡岩型,少量为斑岩型,部分矿床具有统一的矽卡岩-斑岩型成矿系统,矿化组合主要为CuMo、CuFe(Au)和Cu矿化。外接触带主要发育有矽卡岩和角岩化蚀变,内接触带主要为岩体内部的硅化、钾化、绢云母化、绿泥石化及粘土化,内矽卡岩不发育。矽卡岩矿物主要有石榴石、透辉石、绿帘石、透闪石,阳起石等,其中石榴子石主要为钙铁榴石和钙铝榴石,透辉石是辉石的主体,早期形成的石榴石和透辉石等无水矿物组合常被后期的绿帘石、透闪石和阳起石等含水矿物及石英、方解石等所交代。金属矿物比较简单,最主要的含铜矿物为黄铜矿和斑铜矿,铁矿化主要为磁铁矿和镜铁矿。尽管这些矿床以矽卡岩型矿化为主,但部分矿床中已发现有斑岩型矿化和蚀变特征,这可能暗示了该区可能具有统一的矽卡岩-斑岩型成矿系统,进而表明山阳-柞水矿集区深部具有寻找斑岩型矿床的巨大潜力。     

湘中曹家坝大型钨矿床的主要矽卡岩矿物学特征及其地质意义

矽卡岩矿物特征是确定矽卡岩矿床成因的关键证据之一。曹家坝钨矿床是湘中盆地新探明的大型钨矿床,矿体呈似层状产于中泥盆统棋梓桥组灰岩与跳马涧组碎屑岩之间硅钙界面附近。矿区内发育大量矽卡岩矿物,但是未见到岩浆岩。文章通过钻孔编录、矿物的显微特征和电子探针分析,确定了曹家坝钨矿床的成因类型。研究表明曹家坝钨成矿作用与矽卡岩关系密切;石榴子石存在早、晚2个阶段,早阶段石榴子石以钙铝榴石和钙铁榴石为主,晚阶段以钙铝榴石和铁铝榴石-锰铝榴石为主;辉石以钙铁辉石为主;绿泥石主要是铁镁绿泥石。根据矽卡岩的矿物特征,结合发育磁黄铁矿和伴生金矿化等特征,提出曹家坝钨矿床可能是还原性远端矽卡岩型钨矿床。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。