Increased incidence of latex allergy in children with allergic diseases in Japan

The incidence of latex allergy is increasing in Japanese adults. However, the changing incidence of latex allergy in children with or without allergic diseases has not been reported in detail. After obtaining written informed consent from parents, Japanese children under 14 years of age were studied. In total, 776 non-atopic children, 802 children with allergic rhinitis (AR), 706 children with bronchial asthma (BA) and 844 children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) were asked about symptoms of latex allergy, and tested by serum latex-specific IgE, skin prick test to latex allergen and latex-glove-wearing test between 2001 and 2003. All the patients were outpatients at Ujitakeda Hospital, while the non-atopic children were children of the staff of Ujitakeda Hospital or Unitika Ltd. This was a retrospective study. The incidence of latex allergy in 2001/2002/2003 was 1.4/3.1/4.7% in non-atopic children, 3.1/5.1/9.1% in AR patients, 3.6/6.5/10.3% in BA patients and 6.1/11.3/15.9% in AEDS patients, respectively. Moreover, although no cases of anaphylactic shock were noted in allergic patients in 2001, two and eight cases were noted in 2002 and 2003, respectively. These results indicate that the incidence of latex allergy is increasing in paediatric patients with allergic diseases. A latex-reduced environment may be desirable in future.     

Frequencies of occupational allergic diseases and gender differences in Finland

In Finland occupational diseases are registered by diagnosis, causative agent, age, occupation, field of work, and gender. This report analyzes in detail the 1991 statistics on gender differences in occupational allergic diseases. A total of 1314 cases of occupational allergic diseases were reported, comprising 14.2% of all registered occupational diseases. The following allergic occupational diseases were encountered: allergic contact dermatitis (412 cases), bronchial asthma (352), allergic rhinitis (319), contact urticaria/protein contact dermatitis (146), and allergic alveolitis (85). The number of cases of allergic alveolitis (men, 42 cases; women, 43 cases) and bronchial asthma (176 men/176 women) was about equal in both genders. Women were overrepresented in allergic rhinitis (195 women/124 men), allergic contact dermatitis (247 women/165 men), and contact urticaria/protein contact dermatitis (109 women/37 men). According to current knowledge, there are no great gender differences in the development of asthma or allergic rhinitis. The greater number of women with occupational respiratory allergy and immediate skin allergy may indicate that women in Finland are more exposed to type I allergens than men. The greater number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis in women may reveal women's predisposition to delayed-type allergy, or women's greater occupational exposure to contact allergens.     

A 9-year Trend in the Prevalence of Allergic Disease Based on National Health Insurance Data

Objectives:

To investigate trends in the prevalence of allergic disease over a 9-year period.

Methods:

Using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data, the annual number of patients with allergic disease was obtained for each regional subdivisions (small cities, counties, and districts) from 2003 to 2011. Annual populations for each sub-region were obtained and used to calculate the standardized prevalence. To compare prevalence within the study period, data was standardized spatially and temporally. For standardization, demographic data was used to obtain the registered population and demographic structure for 2010, which was used to perform direct standardization of previous years. In addition, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to visualize prevalence for individual sub-regions, and allergic diseases were categorized into five groups according to prevalence.

Results:

The nationwide outpatient prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased approximately 2.3-fold, from 1.27% in 2003 to 2.97% in 2013, while inpatient prevalence also increased approximately 2.4-fold,. The outpatient prevalence of asthma increased 1.2-fold, and inpatient prevalence increased 1.3-fold. The outpatient prevalence of atopic dermatitis decreased approximately 12%, and inpatient prevalence decreased 5%.

Conclusions:

There was a large difference between prevalence estimated from actual treatment data and prevalence based on patients’ self-reported data, particularly for allergic rhinitis. Prevalence must continually be calculated and trends should be analyzed for the efficient management of allergic diseases. To this end, prevalence studies using NHIS claims data may be useful.     

The Relationship Between Psychosocial Stress and Allergic Disease Among Children and Adolescents in Gwangyang Bay,Korea

Objectives

Stress is considered a causal factor in many diseases, allergic disease being one of them. The prevalence of allergic disease is increasing in Korea, but the relationship between allergic symptoms and stress is not empirically well known. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between allergy-related symptoms and stress in children and adolescents.

Methods

We investigated 698 children and adolescents living in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood and the Psychosocial Well-being Index, these subjects were surveyed on allergy-related symptoms and psychosocial stressors in their lives, respectively. We used a multivariate logistic analysis for odds ratios for the complaint rate of allergic symptoms, after adjusting for age, gender, household income, body mass index, and residence.

Results

After adjustments, lifetime rhinitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.024), rhinoconjunctivitis (OR, 1.090), diagnosis of itchy eczema (OR, 1.040), treatment of itchy eczema (OR, 1.049), 12-month allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.026), diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.031), and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.034) were found to be significantly associated with stress.

Conclusions

Our results support the notion that there is a relationship between stress and allergic symptoms in children and adolescents. Further research into any causal relationship between stress and allergies, as well as preventative public health plans for decreasing stress in children and adolescents are needed.     

Prevalence of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in Istanbul school children

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and their related symptoms in Istanbul and to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and whether there are differences between the prevalence of childhood asthma in the same and different regions as found in previous studies and our own. The study period was the 1996–1997 school year in three primary schools in Istanbul. For proportional representation of high, middle, and low socioeconomic levels, the schools were selected from three different regions of Istanbul. A translated version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was used. The questionnaire was distributed to the parents of 2600 students aged 6–15 years. All of the 2276 children whose parents responded were included in the survey. The overall cumulative and current prevalences of wheezing were 13.7 and 7.2% respectively and the overall cumulative prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 17.6%. There was no statistically significant difference between asthmatics and non-asthmatics by sex, socioeconomic status and passive smoking. Family history of atopy was found to be significantly higher in asthmatics. Although there are differences in the results of studies concerning the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis not only between different countries but also between different regions of the same city, by using a standardized international method, the actual values may be obtained.     

广州市儿童常见过敏性疾病的过敏原检测结果分析

目的 了解广州市儿童常见过敏性疾病的过敏原分布状况,为不同过敏性疾病患儿的环境过敏原防治提供依据.方法 纳入喘息性疾病及哮喘(1 013例)、过敏性鼻炎(660例)、过敏性结膜炎(422例)、湿疹(2 762例)、特应性皮炎(831例)和荨麻疹(1 181例)患儿共6 869例,经免疫印迹法检测血清过敏原E型特异性抗体...     

超声心动图检测在川崎病患儿冠状动脉病变评估中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声心动图检测在川崎病患儿冠状动脉病变评估中的应用价值.方法 将2017年10月-2019年1月期间我院收治的100例川崎病患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均经冠状动脉造影与超声心动图检查并分析其检测结果.结果 以冠状动脉造影诊断结果作为“金标准”,超声心动图诊断的准确度为87％(87/100)、灵敏度为96.55...     

164例儿童过敏性疾病血清过敏原检测分析

目的:探讨血清过敏原检测在儿童过敏性疾病中的意义。方法:对164例过敏性疾病儿童的血清过敏原检测结果进行回顾分析。结果:164例患过敏性疾病患儿中147例血清总IgE阳性,阳性率为89.6%。吸入组阳性率70.7%,食物组阳性率18.9%,混合阳性率18.9%。过敏原检测阳性率最高者为荨麻疹,其次支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎及湿疹。检出的阳性过敏原中,吸入组最常见为户尘螨(116例,占70.7%),食物组最常见为虾蟹(31例,占18.9%)。结论:吸入性过敏原和食物过敏原均是引起儿童过敏性疾病的重要原因。血清过敏原测定有利于了解患者的过敏状态,协助过敏性疾病的诊断,为过敏性疾病制定环境干预措施和免疫治疗方案提供可靠依据。     

儿童过敏性鼻炎过敏原检测分析

目的:调查江苏地区过敏性鼻炎患儿的主要过敏原。方法:采用德国Mediwiss过敏原体外检测系统,检测江苏地区246例2～14岁的过敏性鼻炎患儿血清总IgE和各种特异性IgE的含量。结果:血清总IgE阳性率为91.5%,吸入性过敏原组阳性率为80.1%(螨虫49.6%、猫狗毛皮屑14.6%、霉菌组合9.3%、矮豚草蒿4.9%),食入性过敏原组阳性率为19.5%(牛羊肉9.8%、牛奶4.9%)。结论:尘螨是江苏地区儿童过敏性鼻炎最主要的过敏原。     

小儿川崎病合并症临床分析

目的:探讨小儿川崎病各系统合并症发病特点。方法:对51例川崎病患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:各 系统合并症发生率从高到低为血液系统92.2％,心血管系统52.9％,消化系统49.0％,呼吸系统35.3％,泌尿系统29.4％,两个 以上系统损害比例高达80.4％。结论:川崎病合并症发病率高,应提高对其合并症的认识,给予及时治疗。     

儿童病毒感染与川崎病发病及冠状动脉病变的相关性

目的：探究病毒感染与川崎病（ KD）发病及冠状动脉病变的相关性。方法选取KD儿童105例为KD组,同期选取发热性疾病但非KD患儿210例为非KD组。对两组患儿的病毒感染情况进行比较,并行超声心动图检查,比较两组儿童冠状动脉病变情况。结果两组患儿中病毒感染232例,其中,KD组感染96例,占91．43％,非KD组感染136例,占64．76％。两组EB病毒感染率比较,KD组患儿明显高于非KD组患儿,差异具有统计学意义（χ2＝32．874,P＜0．001）;呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、流感病毒、腺病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、冠状病毒感染率两组比较,差异均无统计学差异（均P＞0．05）。分别将KD组和非KD组分为感染组与未感染组,其中KD组中感染组患儿冠状动脉损伤率最高,为46．55％（43／96）,显著高于KD组的未感染组（11．11％）,差异均具有统计学意义（确切概率法得出P＝0．04）,亦高于非KD组的感染组（7．59％）和未感染组（8．22％）,差异均具有统计学意义（χ2值分别为42．45、27．41,均P＜0．001）;而KD组中未感染组（11．11％）、非KD组的感染组（7．95％）和未感染组（8．11％）比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论患儿病毒感染与KD发病有关,且病毒感染的KD患儿更易发生冠状动脉病变。     

川崎病患儿医院感染的危险因素分析

目的观察川崎病患儿医院感染的危险因素,以积累经验,为临床工作提供支持。方法回顾性分析2004年1月-2012年12月250例川崎病患儿临床资料,对感染患儿医院感染发生部位、危险因素、病原菌种类及药敏试验进行分析,数据采用SASS6.12软件进行处理。结果 250例川崎病患儿共发生医院感染44例,感染率为17.60%;感染部位以肺部为主33例占75.0%;共检出病原菌70株,革兰阴性杆菌40株占57.14%,革兰阳性菌28株占40.00%,真菌2株占2.86%;年龄、住院时间延长、长时间应用激素及抗菌药物是增加医院感染的危险因素(P<0.05);金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌对万古霉素100.0%敏感;铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南100.0%敏感。结论川崎病患儿住院期间应强化医院感染的控制,若患儿出现医院感染,应积极进行细菌学监测,同时关注危险因素,并积极进行治疗。     

小儿川崎病冠状动脉病变临床分析

目的:探讨小儿川崎病患儿冠状动脉受损状况和心功能的相应改变情况。方法:应用超声心动图对81例小儿川崎病患儿.冠状动脉受伤状况予以检查,通过Cuben's方法对小儿川崎病患儿.的左心室收缩功能进行相关测定,以二尖瓣的多普勒血流图对小儿川崎病患儿.的左心室舒张功能予以测定,将81例小儿川崎病患儿.与62例正常小儿心功能状况进行对比分析。结果:在81例小儿川崎病中有35例小儿存在冠状动脉受损情况,其中24例为急性期冠状动脉扩张,5例为冠状动脉瘤,6例为恢复期冠状动脉扩张。观察组患儿VE为(86.1±27.5)cm/s,对照组为(89.1±31.7)cm/s,两组差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);观察组患儿VA为(47.9±13.1)cm/s,对照组为(44.9±10.1)cm/s,两组差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);观察组患儿心脏射血分数为0.68±0.21,对照组为0.69±0.31,两组差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);两组在左心室收缩功能以及左心室舒张功能方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在临床中小儿川崎病通常容易累及患儿的冠状动脉,特别是在小儿川崎病的急性期;患儿的心功能改变相对不明显,临床超声心动图有助于对小儿川崎病患儿冠状动脉受损状况予以测定。     

川崎病合并重症感染患儿的预后分析

目的:探讨重症感染与川崎病(KD)预后的关系。方法:选自2005年5月～2010年5月于该院儿科诊治的、发热7天以内的KD患儿,共271例,均符合第3届国际川崎病会议修订的诊断标准。将271例KD患儿分为重症感染组和非重症感染组〔参照小儿危重症评分法(草案)〕。重症感染组73例,包括重症肺炎44例(其中17例患儿血清肺炎支原体IgM滴度≥1∶160),病毒性脑炎20例,败血症9例。非重症感染组198例。结果:重症感染组年龄<1岁的人数与非重症感染组间差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组之间性别为男性的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);重症感染组血小板<350×109/L、血沉>60 mm/h,C-反应蛋白>45 mg/L人数明显高于非重症感染组(P<0.05);而红细胞压积<0.35、血清清蛋白<35 g/L两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。应用丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗36 h后,重症感染组热退例数少于非重症感染组(χ2=13.155,P<0.05);1个月内存在冠状动脉(冠脉)扩张者两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.450,P>0.05);6个月后残留冠脉扩张者,重症感染组高于非重症感染组(χ2=4.595,P<0.05)。结论:①重症感染患儿其冠脉病变危险因素的几率较高,提示重症感染可作为KD预后不良的早期指标之一。②KD合并重症感染患儿对IVIG治疗反应较差,并易发生冠脉扩张。因此,对KD合并重症感染患儿应提高认识,及早治疗,警惕其发生冠脉病变。     

过敏性鼻炎及哮喘患者吸入性过敏原调查

目的 通过对百色市呼吸道变态反应性疾病过敏性鼻炎、哮喘患者进行吸入性过敏原检测及分析,筛查该市常见吸入性过敏原.方法 采用皮肤点刺诊断试剂盒,对210例儿童患者和200例成人患者的吸入性过敏原进行检测分析.结果 儿童患者中过敏原阳性检出209例(占99.52％),以户尘螨、犬毛、蟑螂过敏原的阳性率最高,分别检出146例(占69.52％)、131例(占62.28％)、127例(占60.48％);成人患者中过敏原阳性检出192例(占96.00％),以粉尘螨、户尘螨和芒果花粉过敏原的阳性率最高,分别检出124例(占62.00％)、113例(占56.50％)、89例(占44.50％).结论 户尘螨、犬毛、蟑螂及粉尘螨、户尘螨、芒果花粉分别与该市儿童及成人患者呼吸道变态反应性疾病有关.     

多学科专家论证川崎病儿童预防接种模式应用

目的 解决基层接种医生对患有川崎病儿童的预防接种难题。方法 采用组织临床儿科、流行病学、疫苗学等相关领域专家对川崎病儿童进行论证,形成川崎病预防接种共识建议,对符合接种建议患儿进行接种前告知,获得监护人同意后接种疫苗,进行接种疫苗后的安全性观察。结果 形成川崎病儿童的预防接种专家共识建议,分别对未发生并发症的川崎病患儿、发生并发症的患儿以及复发的川崎病患儿接种进行建议,已指导6名川崎病儿童进行疫苗接种,均未发生不良反应。结论 采用组织专家对川崎病儿童论证形成预防接种共识建议的方法,指导接种医生对患病儿童接种疫苗,可以提高该群体儿童接种率,确保接种安全,其方法安全可行。     

普罗帕酮治疗小儿川崎病合并心律失常的疗效及安全性

目的:观察在小儿川崎病合并心律失常患儿临床治疗期间给予普罗帕酮的效果及用药安全性。方法:随机抽取2009年3月～2012年3月医院收治的川崎病合并心律失常患儿90例为研究对象,根据入院的先后顺序随机分为两组各45例,对照组给予美托洛尔治疗,实验组给予普罗帕酮治疗,观察两组患儿的治疗效果和不良反应。结果:实验组患儿治疗效果、LVED和LVEF优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患儿外周血C反应蛋白和肌钙蛋白低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:使用普罗帕酮治疗小儿川崎病合并心律失常的效果较好,有助于改善患儿的心肌功能,且安全性较高,值得在临床应用。     

Prevalence of allergic disorders among the population in the city of Mashhad, Northeast Iran

Background  Allergic disorders are common ailments, which cause socioeconomic problems. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of allergic disorders and symptoms suggestive of asthma in Mashhad city, Northeast Iran. Methods  We performed a cross-sectional survey in a randomly selected representative sample of the Mashhad population. A questionnaire was used based on the standard questionnaire of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). The questionnaires asked about allergy-related symptoms including nasal symptoms, eye symptoms, atopic dermatitis symptoms, confirmed asthma, asthma-related symptoms, and nonspecific allergic symptoms. Some of the environmental triggers of allergic reactions such as pollen, dried plant, dust, drugs, food, fruit, condiments, makeup, perfume, jewelry, latex gloves, and keeping a pet were considered in the questionnaire. Results  The prevalence of allergic disorders in this study was found to be 27.5% in the city of Mashhad. According to our definitions, the rates detected of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and asthma were 22.4, 6.6, 13.5, 9.5, and 2.3%, respectively. Half of the allergic group suffered from rhinorrhea and other symptoms were significantly higher than in the non-allergic group. Dust and pollen were found to be the most important triggers of allergic reactions in the allergic group. Conclusion  This report may be useful to understand the factors contributing to asthma and allergic disorders and may help in management and control of these problems.     

川崎病的早期诊断及治疗体会

目的总结川崎病住院患儿的临床特点。方法对23例川崎病患儿的临床表现和辅助检查及诊治过程进行分析。结果本组早期临床表现发热（100％），唇和口腔粘膜变化（95.65％），双眼结膜充血（82，6％），肛周皮肤潮红脱皮（69.56％），四肢末梢脱皮（65.2％），肛周皮损较四肢变化早；多形皮疹（65．2％），颈淋巴结肿大（73.9％），心脏彩超异常（39％）。结论增强对川崎病的认识，早诊断，早治疗。