拉曼光谱-区段相似度法用于降糖类药物的快速检测

目的:建立一种基于拉曼光谱的药品快速检测方法。方法:采用必达泰克便携式拉曼光谱仪测定6类降糖类药物对照品和相应市售药品,以及12种常用制剂辅料的拉曼光谱,采用OPUS软件的Quick Identity Test模块,选取不同的特征区段进行Hit Quality值的计算。结果:拉曼光谱-区段相似度法最终选择4个区段(分别为198~376 cm-1、773~1068 cm-1、1 225~1370 cm-1、1507~1666 cm-1),对6类共42种降糖药和12种常用辅料进行计算,结果的灵敏度、专属性、阴性预报性和检出效率分别达到88.10%、99.65%、98.25%和98.15%,基本可将上述药物正确区分。结论:拉曼光谱-区段相似度法可以成为药品快速检测的一种简便易用的方法。     

便携式拉曼光谱仪应用于药品定性快速筛查的探讨

目的探讨便携式拉曼光谱仪应用于药品定性快速筛查的可行性。方法使用TruScan便携式拉曼光谱仪,采集药品光谱建立模型库,通过全谱比对识别药品。结果建立的药品模型能准确识别同类药品。结论便携式拉曼光谱仪具有快速、简便、准确率高等优点,不失为药品日常监督中一种有效的筛查手段。     

便携式拉曼光谱仪用于部分头孢菌素类药品识别的初步研究

考察便携式拉曼光谱仪对部分头孢菌素类药品主成分的识别能力。采用TruScan便携式拉曼光谱仪，建立部分头孢菌素对照品图谱库，并测定相应制剂的拉曼光谱，通过图谱比对进行识别。结果表明，所测药物对照品图谱峰形良好，指纹性强，可准确区分；利用对照谱库识别制剂中的主成分，以制剂全谱识别作为补充，可以对相应制剂准确识别。便携式拉曼光谱仪以其检测速度快、准确率高、使用简便、无样品前处理且数据处理识别自动化等显著优势，有望成为药品日常监督中一种有效的鉴别手段。     

便携式拉曼光谱仪快速鉴别多潘立酮片真伪的研究

目的研究用便携式拉曼光谱仪鉴定多潘立酮片（西安某公司）的真伪,分析真假多潘立酮片的拉曼光谱特征。方法采用便携式拉曼光谱仪上自带的BWID光谱识别程序,选取一个真的多潘立酮片的谱图建立谱图库。结果共测试了14个样品,迅速的区分了5个批号的多潘立酮片真药和9个批号的多潘立酮片假药,准确率100%。结论通过建立多潘立酮片（西安某公司）谱图的方式,便携式拉曼光谱仪能够快速鉴别多潘立酮片（西安某公司）的真伪。     

左氧氟沙星的拉曼光谱研究

摘 要 目的:研究左氧氟沙星的固体常规拉曼光谱及表面增强拉曼光谱,对其分子振动模式进行识别。方法: 采用便携式拉曼光谱仪对左氧氟沙星的常规拉曼和表面增强拉曼进行考察,并对几种左氧氟沙星注射剂进行了表面增强拉曼光谱检测。结果:在表面增强拉曼光谱中,左氧氟沙星的几个特征峰明显增强,可很好地识别左氧氟沙星的几种注射剂。结论:该方法简单、快速、可靠、专属性强,可以用作鉴别左氧氟沙星。     

便携式拉曼光谱法快速检测盐酸罗哌卡因注射液

摘要：目的:利用便携式拉曼光谱仪,建立快速检测盐酸罗哌卡因注射液的方法。方法:将便携式拉曼光谱仪与化学计量学方法相结合,建立盐酸罗哌卡因注射液定性和定量模型。其中,定性模型用相关系数法进行建立;定量模型用PLS算法（包装为玻璃安瓿瓶）以及通过不同浓度的盐酸罗哌卡因拉曼光谱特征峰(680.908 1 cm-1)结合标准曲线法（包装为玻璃以及聚丙烯安瓿瓶）进行建立。结果:9个厂家的24批样品定性结果均为“YES”;两种定量方法测定的盐酸罗哌卡因注射液含量均在95%～105%之间,与HPLC值相比较,相对偏差均在5%以内。结论:本方法测定简单,操作方便,可用于盐酸罗哌卡因注射液定性和定量检测。     

便携式近红外光谱仪云端智能快速检测花椒饮片

目的采用国产的便携式近红外光谱仪及配套的光谱建模系统,针对3个不同产地的药典花椒品种开发定性识别模型并进行验证。方法使用了62个不同产地的花椒样品作为建模集,14个盲样作为验证集,对花椒颗粒进行直接漫反射采样,每个样本采样6次,每次采样取不同的位置取平均作为建模用光谱数据,采用LDA定性识别算法开发花椒产地识别模型。结果模型交叉验证准确率95%以上,盲样验证准确率达到100%。结论对国产便携式近红外光谱仪和配套的光谱建模系统进行了验证,实验效果良好,可以准确识别不同产地的花椒颗粒,在中药材快检领域具备巨大的应用前景。     

头孢氨苄与相似化合物头孢羟氨苄的拉曼光谱比较

摘 要 目的:比较分析头孢氨苄及其相似化合物头孢羟氨苄的拉曼光谱,对结构特征相关性进行分析和探讨。方法: 采用傅里叶拉曼光谱仪、显微拉曼光谱仪及便携式拉曼光谱仪对头孢氨苄进行光谱检测,并对相似化合物头孢羟氨苄进行了傅立叶拉曼光谱检测。结果:在3台不同的拉曼仪的3种不同的激发光光源的激发下,头孢氨苄的大部分特征峰的峰位基本一致,但相对峰强却有区别;头孢氨苄与头孢羟氨苄的傅立叶拉曼光谱存在一定的差异,体现了化学结构差异与拉曼光谱差异的相关性。结论:拉曼光谱相对峰强的差异反映了激发光对不同基团或骨架结构的选择性激发。该法简单、快速、可靠、专属性强,可实现自动识别,对样品无损,有望成为药品日常监督中一种有效的鉴别手段。     

药包材及包衣对拉曼光谱法药品定性筛查影响的考察

目的:考察药包材及包衣对拉曼光谱法进行药品定性筛查的影响。方法:使用TruScan便携式拉曼光谱仪,测定药品有与无包材或包衣的拉曼光谱,通过图谱比对考察影响。结果:深色物质拉曼信号强大,完全屏蔽药品其他信号;西林瓶、糖衣对药品拉曼信号有不同程度影响。结论:拉曼光谱法分析不适用深颜色样品,西林瓶包材和糖包衣宜去除后测定。     

不同酸碱条件下三种头孢菌素表面增强拉曼光谱的比较

目的：研究头孢氨苄、头孢羟氨苄及头孢拉定的拉曼光谱及表面增强拉曼光谱,对三种化合物在不同酸碱条件下的表面增强拉曼光谱进行分析。方法：用便携式拉曼光谱仪对三种物质的常规拉曼光谱与不同酸碱条件下的表面增强拉曼光谱进行考察。结果：研究表明,三种化合物均能在表面增强拉曼光谱中表现出跟常规拉曼光谱相对应的特征峰信息,酸碱度对于三种物质表面增强拉曼光谱的检测均有一定影响。结论：头孢氨苄、头孢羟氨苄及头孢拉定的拉曼光谱及表面增强拉曼光谱均体现出一定的指纹性特征,用拉曼光谱法鉴别这三种头孢类抗菌药是可行的。     

Rapid screening of 2-benzylbenzimidazole nitazene analogs in suspect counterfeit tablets using Raman,SERS, DART-TD-MS,and FT-IR

Developing methods to rapidly screen for novel synthetic 2-benzylbenzimidazole opioids, also known as nitazenes, has become increasingly important due to their high potency. These compounds have potency comparable or exceeding that of fentanyl by up to 10 times and have been implicated in approximately 5% of all drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2021. This paper details the authenticity determination of suspect tablets and the identification of three nitazene analogs (N-pyrrolidino etonitazene, isotonitazene, and etodesnitazene) in suspect tablets seized at a mail facility using Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with handheld devices, portable Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and a direct analysis in real-time ambient ionization coupled to a thermal desorption unit and a mass spectrometer (DART-TD-MS). These methods are rapid and excellent for screening opioids in suspect tablets but could not fully determine the exact structure of some of the nitazene analogs present due to spectral similarities or similar fragmentation patterns. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) confirmed the presence of these nitazene compounds in addition to other opioids/drugs that were in trace quantities. The quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection experiments determined that the suspect tablets contained an average of 0.817 mg of N-pyrrolidino etonitazene per tablet. The results obtained reveal that the simultaneous deployment of these complementary and orthogonal portable analytical techniques as part of a workflow allows suspect tablets to be screened and nitazene-type drugs to be identified in suspect counterfeit tablets at remote sampling sites.     

Towards the development of a rapid,portable, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy based cleaning verification system for the drug nelarabine

Objectives Cleaning verification is a scientific and economic problem for the pharmaceutical industry. A large amount of potential manufacturing time is lost to the process of cleaning verification. This involves the analysis of residues on spoiled manufacturing equipment, with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) being the predominantly employed analytical technique. The aim of this study was to develop a portable cleaning verification system for nelarabine using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Methods SERS was conducted using a portable Raman spectrometer and a commercially available SERS substrate to develop a rapid and portable cleaning verification system for nelarabine. Samples of standard solutions and swab extracts were deposited onto the SERS active surfaces, allowed to dry and then subjected to spectroscopic analysis. Key findings Nelarabine was amenable to analysis by SERS and the necessary levels of sensitivity were achievable. It is possible to use this technology for a semi‐quantitative limits test. Replicate precision, however, was poor due to the heterogeneous drying pattern of nelarabine on the SERS active surface. Understanding and improving the drying process in order to produce a consistent SERS signal for quantitative analysis is desirable. Conclusions This work shows the potential application of SERS for cleaning verification analysis. SERS may not replace HPLC as the definitive analytical technique, but it could be used in conjunction with HPLC so that swabbing is only carried out once the portable SERS equipment has demonstrated that the manufacturing equipment is below the threshold contamination level.     

药品追溯体系融合快检技术的探索

目的：为药品追溯体系融入检验技术，强化药品追溯体系“防止假药、劣药进入合法销售渠道” 功能。方法：应用定制拉曼光谱仪采集原料、辅料、药品制剂光谱信息，实现光谱信息在拉曼光谱-化药快检支撑系统(RACOFIC)和药品追溯系统中的数据共享。结果：RACOFIC系统与药品追溯系统的对接，能够杜绝“监管码、批号均正确，但是药品已掉包”的现象发生。结论：基于拉曼光谱技术和现代化信息技术，药品追溯体系融合快检技术具有可行性和必要性。     

抗糖尿病药临床应用分析

目的：分析我院抗糖尿病药的应用情况及趋势。方法：对我院2007--2009年抗糖尿病药的销售金额、DDDs、DDC进行统计、分析。结果：我院抗糖尿病药销售金额逐年增高,2008年比2007年增长40．74％,2009年比2008年增长18．09％;胰岛素类销售金额增长较快。结论：抗糖尿病药需求量逐年增加,新型抗糖尿病药品占主导地位,应加快研发疗效确切、经济安全药物以降低药品费用。     

抗糖尿病药应用分析

目的：评价南京市第三医院抗糖尿病药的应用现状及变化趋势,为临床用药提供参考。方法：对我院2007--2009年抗糖尿病药的销售金额、各生产厂家药品所占份额等进行统计分析。结果：我院抗糖尿病药销售金额逐年上升,2008年、2009年分别比上一年增长20．56％、32．83％,其中磺酰脲类、格列奈类胰岛素分泌促进剂、胰岛素及其类似物2009年增幅分别达到41．20％、37．61、34．29％。结论：抗糖尿病药市场需求潜力大,其在我院的销售呈快速增长趋势,高效、安全、依从性好的药物受到临床青睐。     

Investigation of lectin-modified insulin liposomes as carriers for oral administration

The aim of this study was to design and characterize lectin-modified liposomes containing insulin and to evaluate the potential of these modified colloidal carriers for oral administration of peptide and protein drugs. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), tomato lectin (TL), or Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA1) were conjugated by coupling their amino groups to carbodiimide-activated carboxylic groups of N-glutaryl-phosphatidylethanolamine (N-glut-PE). Insulin liposomes dispersions were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation technique and modified with the lectin-N-glut-PE conjugates. Lectin-modified liposomes were characterized according to particles size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The hypoglycemic effect indicated by pharmacological bioavailability of insulin liposomes modified with WGA, TL and UEA1 were 21.40, 16.71 and 8.38% in diabetic mice as comparison with abdominal cavity injection of insulin, respectively. After oral administration of the insulin liposomes modified with WGA, TL and UEA1 to rats, the relative pharmacological bioavailabilities were 8.47, 7.29 and 4.85%, the relative bioavailability were 9.12, 7.89 and 5.37% in comparison with subcutaneous injection of insulin, respectively. In the two cases, no remarkable hypoglycemic effects were observed with the conventional insulin liposomes. These results confirmed that lectin-modified liposomes promote the oral absorption of insulin due to the specific-site combination on GI cell membrane.     

2007～2009年某院降糖药应用分析

目的了解广州市某医院降糖药应用特点和发展趋势,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对该院2007~2009年降糖药主要品种、销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)、日均费用(DDC)和排序比进行统计和分析。结果 3年来降糖药销售金额逐年增长,增长率分别为43.37%和41.54%。其中,口服降糖药销售金额排序中,阿卡波糖片、盐酸二甲双胍片和格列齐特缓释片连续3年均排在前3位,阿卡波糖片DDDs排序3年均为最大;注射用胰岛素类药物中,优泌灵70/30混合型使用数量及销售金额连续3年均位居榜首。结论该院降糖药销售金额和使用数量增长较快,但其应用基本稳定、较为合理。     

2005—2008年口服降糖药应用分析

目的：分析2005—2008年北京交通大学医院口服降糖药的应用情况和变化趋势,为临床合理、经济、有效地选用药物提供参考依据。方法：对我院2005—2008年口服降糖药的品种、销售金额、用药频度、日均费用等进行统计、分析,利用序号比（销售金额排序号/DDDs排序号;DDC排序号/DDDs排序号）对药物的同步相关性、药物利用经济性进行比较。结果：口服降糖药占各年度药品总销量的8.12%、8.21%、9.77%、9.74%;4年中,盐酸二甲双胍肠溶片、格列齐特缓释片、格列吡嗪片（迪沙）3种药物的序号比均列在前3位。结论：口服降糖药的销售金额及占总用药量的比例均呈上升趋势,盐酸二甲双胍肠溶片、格列齐特缓释片,格列吡嗪片（迪沙）3种药物的同步相关性、药物利用经济性均为最佳,值得临床参考。