论志留纪王冠虫Coronocephalus Grabau*

一、前言本文以简单的统计方法对属于王冠虫类的34种进行对比,结果表明,至少可以识别两个组合,第一组合称王冠虫亚属组合,第二组合称王冠盾壳虫亚属组合。其中Senticucullus Xia, 1974, Coronocephalus (Coronocephalina) Wu, 1979和Coronocephalus Grabau,1924,3属或亚属是同物异名,前两名应予废弃。本文新建一亚属Coronocephalus (Coronaspis) Subgen. nov.(王冠盾壳虫),模式种为Coronocephalus changningensis。这一亚属地质历程较长,在王冠虫亚属的种发生之前就已出现,并可延续到秀山“期”之后。     

南京坟头组三叶虫及其时代的讨论

1936年,计荣森、许德佑、盛莘夫等首次在南京龙潭原高家边群上部,发现Coronocephalus rex等化石.1938年,王钰对Coronocephalus rex进行了研究,著有《下志留纪三叶虫Encrinurus (Coronocephalus) rex及其地理上之分布与地层上之位置》一文,修订了葛利普(A. W. Grabau)1924年建立的Encrinurus (Coronocephalus)这个亚属.潘江(1956)将原"高家边页岩"中、上部,产有Coronocephalus rex Grabau, Latiproetus latilimbatus (Grabau), "Eospirifer" tingi Grabau, "Eospirifer" hsiehi Grabau等化石的砂岩及砂质页岩,单独划出创立了"坟头层".在本系师生科研和教学过程中,曾在南京坟头、     

我国西部地区蚤目四种未知雌性的记述

本文系青海省蚤目研究的第四报。首次记述蚤目的四种未知雌性。雄性根据我国西藏采获的标本已先后有人记述:近缘纤蚤Rhadinopsylla accola Wagner,1930;端圆盖蚤Callopsylla kozlovi(Wagner.1929);卷带倍蚤Amphalius sptrataenius Liu,Wu ＆ Wu,1966;短突角叶蚤Ceratophyllus breviprolectus Liu,Wu ＆ Wu,1966。     

青甘锦鸡儿和沧江锦鸡儿(豆科)的分类学订正

根据对乐都锦鸡儿Caragana leduensis Y.Z．Zhao,Y.H．Wu＆L．Q．Zhao和玉树锦鸡儿CtanguticaMaxim．ex Kom．var．yushuensis Y.H．Wu模式标本的观察及对国内标本馆大量标本的研究,将它们分别处理为青甘锦鸡儿C.tangutica Maxim．ex Kom．和沧江锦鸡儿C.kozlowi Kom．的新异名,并对二者的地理分布范围进行了讨论。     

贵州梵净山祝蛾科二新种记述（鳞翅目：祝蛾科）

记述采自贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区的祝蛾科2新种：黄褐顶祝蛾Carodista flavicana Wu(祝蛾亚科Lecithocerinae)与刺茎俪祝蛾Philharmonia spinula Wu(瘤祝蛾亚科Torodorinae)。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

中国槐祝蛾属研究及四新种记述(鳞翅目:祝蛾科)(英文)

槐祝蛾属Sarisophora Meyrick,1904是祝蛾亚科中较大的一个属,我国过去已知2种。本文记述4新种,灰白槐祝蛾S.cerussata Wu,指瓣槐祝蛾S.dactylisana Wu,小槐祝蛾S.neptigota Wu和欣槐祝蛾S.idonea Wu,并首次记述了丝槐祝蛾S.serena Gozmány的雌性外生殖器特征。将我国已知的6种均纳入分种检索表。除拟槐祝蛾S.simulatrix Gozmány尚未采到外,其余5种的标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

果螟属在中国首次记录及二新种记述(鳞翅目,螟蛾科)

果螟属Ethopia Walker世界已记载2种,分布在新几内亚和菲律宾,中国过去没有记录.本文记述了采自我国广西天峨县的山楂果螟E.crataeganea Song et Wu,sp. nov.和采自海南岛、福建、云南等地的黄褐果螟E.flavibrunnea Song et Wu,sp. nov.,并给出了成虫照片、形态特征图和本属已知种的检索表.新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

长窦副新蚤雄蚤的形态记述(蚤目:多毛蚤科)

本文首次记述了采自青海玉树的长窦副新蚤Paraneopsylla longisinuata Liu, Tsai & Wu,1974的雄蚤。模式标本保存于著者所在的单位。     

西南地区志留纪彗星虫科三叶虫

本文主要论述以下几点:1)西南地区至今为止已发现的志留纪三叶虫大致有30多个属,80多个种。2)较集中产出于两个层位,一是下志留统的香树园组至雷家屯组或与其相当的层位。另一是中志留统的秀山组。前者以翼斜视虫Ptilillaenus 为代表,后者则是以王冠虫Coronocephalus 为主的三叶虫组合。3)这两个三叶虫动物群组合除个别属种外,多数为我国特有,和其共生的笔石、腕足类等有的可与国际对比。4)区别王冠虫属和似彗星虫属在本区及邻近地区志留纪地层对比有一定意义。前者仅见于中志留统的秀山组,后者在我国自晚奥陶世至晚志留世的地层中都有发现。5)滇东关底组的东方棘尾虫Acanthopyge orientalis Wu及玉龙寺组的Warburgella rugulosa (Alth) sinensis Wu 的发现为滇东志留泥盆系的划分和对比提供了重要的三叶虫化石依据。6)系统描述彗星虫科的一些新属种。     

云南产凤尾蕨属植物(凤尾蕨科)的新修订

在《中国植物志》和《云南植物志》的基础上,对云南产凤尾蕨属植物进行新的分类修订。文中澄清了8个混淆类群,其中新等级1种,即高原凤尾蕨Pteriscuspigera(Chingex Ching et S.H.Wu)X.Q.Song;云南分布新记录1种,即假指状凤尾蕨Pteris psudodactylina Ching et S.K.Wu;新异名3个,即Pteris asperi-caulis var.cuspigera Chingex Ching et S.H.Wu,Pteris inaequalis Bak.及Pteris wallichiana var.yunnanensis(Christ)Ching et S.H.Wu。还列出了新修订种类的文献引证、标本引证、生境和地理分布。经该文研究确认,现知云南有该属植物48种。     

Freshwater crocodile,Crocodylus siamensis Schneider, 1801, from the Middle Pleistocene deposits in Chaloem Phrakiat District,Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand

Two crocodilian anterior cranium parts from Takut Khon Village sand pit, Chaloem Phrakiat District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, are presently described. Their morphology indicates that the specimens belong to a single species based on the presence of several similar characters such as a hole for the reception of the first dentary tooth at the anterior edge of the premaxillary bone; anterior tip of nasal elongate and projecting into the posterior margin of the external nares; wavy suture line between the posterior part of the nasal with the anterior margin of prefrontal and frontal processes. The cranium morphology is extremely close to Crocodylus siamensis Schneider, 1801 (Siamese crocodile) and conforming the existence of C. siamensis from the Middle Pleistocene in Thailand.     

Origin of the coelomic cavities and the heart in the polypterids (Pisces)]

In polypterus the mesodermal cavities appear quite late during embryonic life. They are generally small and they only get somewhat more voluminous in the anterior mesomeres (where they establish the pronephrie chambers) and in the ventral anterior mesoderm (where they become an embryonic pericardial cavity). The anlage of the heart appears in the anterior part of the tissue that is situated between the paired mesodermal cavities of these stages. It assumes some unawaited dispositions that are truly confusing in the case of a superficial inspection. It is only during larval life that a coelomic cavity appears all along the truncal part of the mesoderm. In the beginning this is a pericardio-peritoneal cavity. But because of the coalescence between several membranes an anterior cavity gets isolated and this one is the pericardial cavity of the adult specimens; this cavity is much more limited than its homonymic counterpart of the embryonic stages.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Icriodus marieae</Emphasis>, a new icriodontid conodont species from the Middle Devonian

A new conodont species, Icriodus marieae, is described from pelagic limestone beds of the Carnic Alps (Austria). Specimens are obtained from the upper part of the Valentin Formation (Central Carnic Alps) and range from the latest Eifelian to middle Givetian. Significantly differing from other icriodontid conodonts is that the icriodontan element of the new species develops only three denticles on either lateral denticle row, which are constricted to the central part of the element. The anterior part of the element is free of lateral row denticles and consists of two to four denticles, which have a fan-shaped outline in lateral view. The anterior part as well as the posterior part (consisting of cusp and two to three pre-cusp denticles) is higher than the denticles of the central part of the element. Shape analysis confirms that the parameters chosen for landmarks (element size relation and denticle setting) show little variation between different specimens.     

Geographic variation of Gloydius halys caucasicus (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Iran

We compared the morphological characters of populations of the Caucasian Pit Viper, Gloydius halys caucasicus, from different regions of the Alborz mountain range. For this purpose, we studied 7 metric and 21 meristic characters in 12 specimens from the western Alborz, 44 specimens from the eastern Alborz and nine specimens from the central Alborz Mountains. The results of the statistical analyses by npMANOVA, ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests showed significant differences between all three populations, while the western Alborz and the eastern Alborz populations are more distinct from each other. The important characters showing differences between them are: Subcaudals, dorsal scales in anterior part, dorsal scales in posterior part, supralabial scales, scales between gulars, gulars, ventrals, ratio of snout length over snout width, and ratio of snout length over head length.     

Observations on the Caudal Cilium of the Tomite of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 18761,2

Light microscopy of live or silver-impregnated specimens of the fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis show that the tomites are elongated and claviform with the anterior end broad. The cytostome, indicated by the presence of the organelle of Lieberkühn, is found in the lower part of the broadened anterior third of the tomite. The tapered posterior end bears a rigid, caudal cilium at its pole. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the caudal cilium and associated structures, including the depression from which the cilium protrudes, circumciliary ring, and raised struts on the ring. From these observations it is concluded that a previously reported “apical filament” found on the tomite is actually the posterior caudal cilium described by Canella & Rocchi-Canella in 1976.     

尾突角蟾Megophryscaudoprocta(两栖纲,角蟾科)的进一步记述

尾突角蟾(Megophrys caudoprocta Shen,1994)具有非常特殊的特征,它们的尾杆骨(urostyle)长,超过坐骨(ischium)后缘,支持着尾突(caudal projection);泄殖孔(cloacal pore)在股间后缘向腹面开口;上眼睑(upper eyelid)前部大,有一三角形突起向侧后突出.这些特征有别于角蟾属其他物种,有重要研究价值.近年来在模式标本产地又采到1雌2雄,先后共4号成体标本,本文对其形态特征,生物学资料和分布作了进一步记述,并拍摄到原色生态照片.     

Short-necked plesiosaurs of the family Polycotylidae from the Campanian of the Saratov Region

Fragments of the anterior part of a mandibular rostrum and a maxillary bone of the plesiosaur Polycotylidae indet. from the Karyakino and Beloe Ozero localities of the Saratov Region (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian) are described. The specimens belong to a relatively long-snouted polycotylid with a mandibular symphysis incorporating 13 pairs of teeth. A unique feature of this plesiosaur is the fact that, in the symphysis, the splenial extends to the very anterior end of the rostrum. The polycotylid from the Campanian of the Saratov Region is probably closely related or identical to Georgiasaurus from the Santonian of the Penza Region, in which structural details of the mandibular symphysis remain uncertain.     

Glenohumeral elevation-dependent influence of anterior glenohumeral capsular lesions on passive axial humeral rotation

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of standardized anterior glenohumeral capsular lesions on axial humeral rotation in a full arc of glenohumeral elevation. Using a testing apparatus, the range of internal and external humeral rotation was assessed in an arc of glenohumeral elevation in the scapular plane with steps of 15 degrees in six isolated shoulder joint specimens. Cutting of the glenohumeral joint capsule 1 cm laterally from, and parallel to the glenoid rim was performed in seven steps of 1 cm till the anterior capsule was cut. Capsular lesions were made in three ways: from inferior, from superior and from the middle of the capsule. Anterior capsular lesions resulted in significant increase of external humeral rotation. This occurred particularly at 15-60 degrees glenohumeral elevation. Lesions of the inferior part of the capsule mainly increased external rotation at 30-60 degrees glenohumeral elevation, lesions of the superior part mainly in lower elevation angles and lesions of the middle more gradually in the range till 60 degrees of glenohumeral elevation. Cutting of the anterior glenohumeral capsule barely increased passive axial humeral rotation at elevation angles over 60 degrees. Above 60 degrees glenohumeral elevation, tightening of the inferior posterior glenohumeral joint capsule prevented both internal and, increasingly, external humeral rotation. From these observations it is concluded that increased external rotation correlates with progressive anterior capsular lesions, mainly below 60 degrees glenohumeral elevation. To assess anterior glenohumeral capsular lesions in patients, axial humeral rotation tests should probably not exceed 60 degrees glenohumeral elevation, i.e. 90 degrees thoracohumeral elevation.