大学生手机网络成瘾分类量表的初步编制

目的本研究旨在编制出适合中国大学生的手机网络成瘾分类量表,并进行信效度检验。方法以网络成瘾的特征作为参考,结合智能手机自身的功能特点,通过专家访谈并开展预调查,编制手机网络成瘾的条目;选取上海某大学在校本科生295人进行问卷调查,2周后对30名学生进行重测,检验量表信效度。结果探索性因素分析获得4个维度:手机网络社交成瘾、娱乐成瘾、信息成瘾和购物成瘾,解释54.63%总方差。总量表的同质性信度(Cronbach’sα系数)为0.874,重测信度为0.929。结论该分类量表具有良好的心理测量学特性,可用于手机网络成瘾类型的筛查。     

上海市大学生手机网络成瘾分类量表的修订及信效度调查

目的对大学生手机网络成瘾分类量表进行修订并验证信效度。方法以胡丹丹等编制的大学生手机网络成瘾分类量表为基础,根据DSM-5中网络游戏障碍标准进行条目的修订。随机抽取1 080名大学生参与问卷调查,经过信度分析和效度分析,最后确定正式量表。结果探索性因素分析显示,大学生手机网络成瘾量表包含网络社交成瘾、网络娱乐成瘾、网络信息搜集成瘾、网络购物成瘾4个维度,共21条目,解释总变异的49.879%。验证性因素分析显示,修正后的模型NC=3.690,RMSES=0.051,GFI=0.941,NFI=0.887,IFI=0.915,CFI=0.915,与观察数据适配较好。该量表的内部一致性较好,总体Cronbachα系数为0.845,总量表的重测信度为0.832。结论该量表具有较好的信度和效度,大学生手机网络成瘾分类量表符合心理测量学的标准,可以作为大学生手机网络成瘾的评估工具。     

中文网络成瘾量表在城市中学生中的应用评价

探讨中文网络成瘾量表在城市中学生中的应用效果,为制定适用于学生群体的网络成瘾量表提供参考.方法 采用中文网络成瘾量表,对分层整群抽取的贵阳城区3 075名中学生进行施测,分析量表信度和效度.结果 调查共获得有效问卷2 875份.量表的Kappa系数为0.796,分半信效度为0.915,各因素与所属分量表的相关系数在0.886~0.947之间;各因素与总分的相关系数在0.840 ~0.896之间;2个分量表与总分的相关系数为0.954,0.943;验证性因素分析表明,2个分量表的拟合度指数GFI,AGFI,NFI,TLI,IFI,CFI指标都超过0.90,因子模型基本符合理论结构假设.结论 中文网络成瘾量表用于城市中学生网络成瘾情况测评具有较好的可行性、信度与效度,可用于我国城市中学生网络成瘾测评.     

中小学生心理健康发育评价量表初步编制及信效度评价

目的初步编制中小学生心理健康发育评价量表,评价其信效度。方法问卷中认知发育维度的评价直接利用华文认知能力量表,其余指标的条目均根据理论构思和文献研究自行编写。于2012—2014年12月通过多阶随机抽样,抽取湖北省3个地区共7 500名中小学生进行问卷调查,运用项目分析、探索性因素分析筛选条目,通过主成分分析和信效度检验方法验证该问卷理论结构的合理性。结果确定从认知发育、人格发育、情绪发育、意志发育、自我意识发育5个角度评价中小学生心理健康发育情况。根据条目筛选及因子分析,小学量表由5个维度67个条目组成;中学量表由5个维度65个条目组成。小学全量表的Cronbach’sα系数与分半系数分别为0.905、0.850,各分量表的Cronbach’sα系数、分半信度分别为0.720~0.757、0.650~0.770;中学全量表的Cronbach’sα系数与分半系数分别为0.919、0.812,各分量表的Cronbach’sα系数、分半信度分别为0.752~0.837、0.632~0.752,2个量表均有较好的信度;小学量表因子载荷在0.475~0.792之间,中学量表因子载荷在0.515~0.763之间,量表各分量表与总量表的相关在0.699~0.903之间,分量表的相关在0.356~0.670之间,两量表均有一定的效度。结论初步完成的中小学心理发育特征评价量表具有较好的信效度,达到了编制的要求。     

大学生应急准备现状调查量表编制与信效度分析

目的编制大学生应急准备现状调查量表,测量量表不同维度之间的信度、整体信度以及效度。方法综合运用文献分析法、访谈法、问卷调查法,确定量表结构,选择相应的维度和项目,组成大学生应急准备现状调查量表。运用信度和效度的方法分析从广州市10所高校中随机抽取的300名大学生的应急准备现状,检验调查量表的稳定性和可靠性。结果通过分析和研究,确定大学生应急准备现状调查量表由2大部分5个维度共36个条目组成,分别为风险意识、应急认知、应急心理与文化、应急准备行为和应急知识与技能,总量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.950,各维度Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.802、0.806、0.830、0.814和0.856。结论完成大学生应急准备现状调查量表的编制,量表具有较好的信度和较高的效度。     

大学生亚健康评价指标的研究

目的研制中国大学生亚健康状态评价指标。方法采用文献分析法,构建中国大学生亚健康状态的理论维度,并据此编制大学生亚健康状态测量量表。结果通过对量表题项的项目分析、对量表的探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析后表明:我国大学生亚健康状态是一个多领域、多维度的系统,包含3个领域和13个因子,所构建的理论体系比较合理;量表的Cronbach系数(α值)为0.928,稳定性系数为0.864,量表各具体维度的α值均在0.80以上,稳定性系数在0.697~0.843之间;假定模型为总量表和各分量表提供了极佳的拟合度:3个分量表和总量表拟合指标χ2=38.21~760.93,df=19~467,χ2/df=1.707~2.823,TLI=0.900~0.955、CFI=0.910~0.966、RMSEA=0.047~0.075、SRMS=0.42~0.55。结论量表具有接受度较高的信度和效度,可以作为我国大学生亚健康状态研究的测量工具。     

突发公共卫生事件公众风险认知量表编制及信效度检验

目的初步编制突发公共卫生事件公众风险认知量表,评价其信度及效度。方法基于文献研究和访谈法确定量表理论框架及维度,在维度下编制条目。通过网络调查法,在全国收集1 082份有效问卷,结合6种统计分析方法分析和筛选条目,使用验证性因子分析评价效度,以克朗巴赫系数和分半信度检验信度。结果通过统计学条目分析方法,同时结合专业知识进行综合分析,量表最终保留4个维度,分别为疫情严重性、可控性、健康影响严重性、可能性,共10个条目,累计贡献率达67.963%。验证性因子分析结果显示各检验量均处于标准范围,χ~2/df=2.715,RMR=0.076, RMSEA=0.047;总量表同质信度克朗巴赫系数为0.885,分半信度为0.844,各维度与量表总分相关系数为0.735～0.877(P 0.01),显示该量表信效度良好。结论初步完成突发公共卫生事件公众风险认知量表条目筛选工作,且量表结构较为合理。     

湖南省县级结核病防治机构人员工作满意度量表编制

目的编制湖南省县级结核病防治机构人员工作满意度测量工具。方法参考国内外工作满意度量表,查阅相关文献,听取各专家意见,形成初始量表,对612名湖南省县级结核病防治机构人员进行调查,检测其信度和效度。结果信度检验显示量表总体Cronbach’sα系数为0.923,7个分量表的Cronbach’sα系数为0.720~0.904,效度检验显示7个维度可累积解释总方差的64.974%。结论该量表有良好的信度和效度,可用于结核病防治机构人员工作满意度测量。     

大学生就业压力量表编制及信效度检验

目的 编制大学生就业压力量表并进行信效度检验,为识别和解决不同年级大学生所存在的就业压力问题提供可靠的评估工具。方法 基于认知—现象学—交互作用理论,通过文献研究法、开放式问卷调查、访谈法、专家咨询法和预调查形成大学生就业压力量表。采用典型抽样方法,选取安徽省3002名大学生作为研究对象进行问卷调查,以检验量表的信效度。结果 最终形成的大学生就业压力量表包括综合素质、社会需求、就业预期、职业获得支持和自我定位5个维度,共30个条目。累计方差解释率为72.73%,总量表的Cronbach′s α系数为0.977,各维度的Cronbach′s α系数区间为0.870～0.932,重测信度区间为0.616～0.669。验证性因子分析结果显示χ²/df=17.311,GFI=0.829,RMSEA=0.077,RMR=0.044,CFI=0.913,NFI=0.908,NNFI=0.904。压力感问卷中家庭压力、人际压力、学校环境压力和学业压力维度与大学生就业压力量表各维度均呈显著正相关。结论 大学生就业压力量表具有良好的信度和效度,符合心理测量学要求,可以作为评价大学生...     

SCL-90量表应用于农村五保老人的信度和效度

目的研究中文SCL-90量表在农村五保老人使用的信度和效度。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样法，用中文SCL-90量表对湖北省农村60岁及以上的546名集中供养五保老人（A组）、139名分散供养五保老人（B组）进行面对面访谈，并计算各分量表及总表的评分。采用信度分析和因子分析等方法对量表信度和效度进行评价。结果除敌对分量表外其余各分量表Cronbach＇a系数均大于0．65；2组各分量表与总量表分的相关系数r均大于0．65；2组部分分量表之间的部分相关系数大于其分量表的a值；2组因子分析显示大部分分量表提取出两个或两个以上的公因子。结论除敌对因子分量表外，中文SCL-90其余分量表内在信度较好；各分量表结构效度较差；总量表的内容效度良好，结构效度欠佳。它基本适于评价农村五保老人的心理健康。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.