游梁式抽油机调平衡的几种方法

游梁式抽油机平衡度是抽油机运行状态的一个重要参数之一,也是评价油井设备运行管理的一项技术指标。本文介绍了电流法和功率法两种高效、快速、准确、实用的调节抽油机平衡的简便方法,可确保游梁式抽油机处于最佳运行状态。实践证明,这些方法能有效解决抽油机并不平衡、系统效率低等问题,提高了抽油机系统电能的综合利用率。     

遥测应变技术在抽油机减速器输出转矩测试中的应用

游梁式抽油机减速器输出转矩是分析抽油机动态性能的重要参数。用常规方法很难对减速器的输出转矩瞬时值进行连续测量,所得到的只是平均转矩,也有很大的误差。本文介绍了利用遥测应变技术测试游梁式抽油机减速箱曲柄轴转矩的方案、系统组成、测试方法和步骤。现场实际应用表明,此方法测试正确、简单、方便,适合于油田抽油机的现场检测。     

游梁式抽油机平衡判断原则与优化调整措施

油田生产中抽油机平衡调整方法较多,每种方法的调整效果不同。分析了评价抽油机平衡的3个基本准则,指出3个评价标准均可通过提取抽油机单冲程功率曲线中的信息获得。对抽油机调平衡后,使其同时满足,个基本准则时,可认为抽油机处于理想的平衡状态。现场试验测试和数据分析表明：采用准则二中的功率法调平衡后,抽油机可同时满足准则一和准则二,并接近准则三的要求,可实现抽油机平衡调节。     

提高激光光纤测量系统分辨力的方法

简要介绍了激光光纤测试系统的测量原理,详细描述了激光器功率自动控制回路和用于微小内表面形貌检测的补偿式光纤传感器结构的设计方法,并给出了初步的实验结论。实验结果表明,本文所述的提高系统分辩力的方法设计合理,有较强的实用性。     

物联网在油气行业节能降耗的研究

为解决电动机运行效率低及游梁式抽油机"大马拉小车"、能耗高、倒发电等问题,围绕抽油机能耗影响因素,以电能刚好满足抽油机的工作效率为原则,通过变频及能量回馈控制技术、双功率节能电机技术实现抽油机系统的参数优化,消除倒发电对电网的影响,使每一口井减少不必要的能源浪费。在保证供液量与产液量平衡的前提下,提高抽油机的采收率和节能效率,降低生产成本。     

摩擦换向抽油机与游梁式抽油机在聚驱的应用效果分析

近几年出现的摩擦换向抽油机在结构和机理上及其他方面与游梁式抽油机特点都有较大区别,游梁式抽油机为传统结构抽油机,在油田广泛应用。文章分析讨论了摩擦换向抽油机和游梁式抽油机各自的特点。通过对摩擦换向抽油机和游梁式抽油机,在聚驱油田现场的适应性进行分析,并对两种抽油机的效果做出评价。     

长庆油田机采系统现状分析及转子变频调速技术发展前景

长庆油田"三低"的地质特征决定了油井单井产量普遍偏低,目前主要采用游梁式抽油机举升方式,油井生产特点和抽油机系统本身存在的缺陷导致机采系统效率低,功率因素低,难于实现油井的最佳的供排协调。通过开展抽油机转子变频调速技术研究表明,该技术具有明显的技术优势,在长庆油田低渗透油井具有较好的发展前景。     

电能表在抽油机上计量存在的问题

1前言 抽油机运行现状：游梁式抽油机在一个冲次内（一上一下）。电动机的输入功率周期性变化，电动机的输入功率有时可达到额定值，有时几乎空载运行，有时处于发电运行，平均发电功率的大小约是（0～3）kW。抽油机发电的主要原因是，抽油机的平衡块调整不当使某个事段电动机的转速周期性的超过同步转速所致。抽油机平衡度越差发电功率越大；95％以上的抽油机处于不平衡状态。     

游梁抽油机平衡调整计算分析与对策

游梁式抽油机的平衡方式是通过调整平衡块来消减抽油机上下冲程的负载差异,抽油机平衡状况直接影响抽油机四连杆机构、减速箱和电机的效率与寿命,对抽油机的工作状况亦影响很大。目前大庆油田广泛应用电流法调整平衡,当电流平衡比在85％-100％之间为平衡,但通过现场测试,电流平衡井耗电并非最低,而且现场平衡调整只能定性调整操作。为此开展抽油机平衡调整技术研究,通过理论研究和现场试验,确定抽油机最佳节能范围,编制平衡调整程序,定量实施现场平衡调整,提高游梁式抽油机平衡调整管理水平,提高工作效率、系统效率,降低举升单耗。     

探讨抽油机平衡因素分析与技术对策

游梁式抽油机的平衡方式是通过调整平衡块来消减抽油机上下冲程的负载差异,抽油机平衡状况直接影响抽油机四连杆机构、减速箱和电机的效率与寿命,对抽油机的工作状况亦影响很大。目前油田广泛应用电流法调整平衡,当电流平衡比在85％-100％之间为平衡,但通过现场测试,电流平衡井耗电并非最低,而且现场平衡调整只能定性调整操作。为此开展抽油机平衡调整技术研究,通过理论研究和现场试验,确定抽油机最佳节能范围,编制平衡调整程序,定量实施现场平衡调整,提高游梁式抽油机平衡调整管理水平,提高工作效率、系统效率,降低举升单耗。     

内燃机生物柴油掺烧比对表面辐射噪声测试与研究

采用工程法测量发动机表面辐射噪声,结果表明:适当的生物柴油掺烧油比例能降低内燃机噪声,内燃机的动力性能与原机基本相当,纯生物柴油的噪声比纯柴油的噪声仅降低约2.9%:在一定工况下,相同转速随着负荷的增加,适当的掺烧比能降低内燃机噪声,纯生物柴油在2 000 r/min下不同扭矩的噪声比纯柴油仅少1%:纯柴油噪声在800...     

高速电主轴负载扭矩软测量技术研究

在分析高速电主轴功率与负载转矩关系的基础上,提出了一种负载扭矩软测量的方法.采用电主轴定子电压、定子电流、空载电流和主轴转速作为辅助变量,建立了基于BP神经网络的负载扭矩软测量模型.以航空发动机离合器轴承试验台扭矩检测为例,对软测量模型进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足一定精度要求,为解决高速电主轴拖动系统扭矩传感器昂贵和不易安装等问题,提供了一种解决方法.     

固态微波功率器件测量夹具及其校准技术研究

固态微波功率器件由于其封装形式的特殊性,测量过程中必须引入测量夹具作为桥梁,才能完成接口形式的转换,进而开展测试工作。针对固态微波功率器件微波电参数在测试中,测量夹具给测量结果带来影响的问题,对固态微波功率器件测量夹具及其校准技术进行了研究。文章介绍了采用TRL校准方法,并利用矢量网络分析仪的误差修正功能来去除测量夹具误差,从而得到被测器件的真实性能参数。通过具体试验数据表明,对测量夹具的校准和误差的去除是可行有效的,从而可以在测量结果中去除测量夹具的影响而得到被测器件的"净"参数。     

Simulation and validation of a hybrid-power gas engine heat pump

Hybrid-power gas engine heat pump (HPGHP) combines hybrid power technology with gas engine heat pump, which can keep the gas engine working in the economical zone. In this paper, a steady-state model of the HPGHP in heating condition has been established, the optimal torque curve control strategy is proposed to distribute power between the gas engine and battery pack. The main operating parameters of the HPGHP system are simulated on Matlab/Simulink and validated by experimental data, such as operating temperature, coefficient of performance (COP), fuel-consumed rate, etc. Heating capacity and COP of the heating pump system are validated under different ambient temperatures and water flow rates. The simulation and experiment results shows acceptable agreement, the maximum difference is respectively 8.9%, 5.9%, 9.5% and 8.2% for engine torque, motor torque, reclaimed heat and fuel-consumed rate. Based on the simulation results, HPGHP has the lowest fuel-consumed rate of 283 g (kWh)⁻¹ at engine speed of 3000 rpm; the PER of HPGHP system is about 15.9% and 11.4% higher than the GHP under the same load in Mode C and D.     

低温热泵用涡旋压缩机性能的试验研究

制定低温热泵用涡旋压缩机试验方案,对研制的原型机进行性能测试。试验结果表明：在冷凝温度不变的情况下,随着蒸发温度的降低,原型机的制热量有所减少,但减少的速度低于普通热泵系统用涡旋压缩机;压缩机的电功率有所增加,但增加的幅度不大,且压缩机的排气温度也有所降低,故在低温工况下采用准二级压缩热泵用涡旋压缩机比采用普通热泵用涡旋压缩机可以更有效地提高空气源热泵的低温制热性能,是寒冷地区用小型空气源热泵比较适宜采用的压缩机。     

Study on performance and continuous durability test of single input multi output power take-off (PTO) gear box

The power take-off (PTO) gearbox is widely used for special vehicles, large construction machinery, industrial machinery and ships, to distribute the power of a single input shaft from an engine or a motor to several shafts or to collect several shafts by single shaft power (Torque × rotation speed). The super large hydraulic excavator is equipped with a power take-off (PTO) gearbox between the main engine and a number of pumps for the purpose of improving the fuel efficiency and improving the system efficiency. The power take-off (PTO) gearbox of a large hydraulic excavator with a body weight of 100 ton ( = 10⁵ kg) is connected with two large hydraulic pumps and one small hydraulic pump on three output shafts and different axial loads are generated depending on the working characteristics of the excavator. In this paper, we evaluated the performance and durability of a power take-off (PTO) gearbox of a large hydraulic excavator with a 100-ton body weight. The test evaluation criteria for non-fault life time calculation, performance and accelerated life test were established, and the types and characteristics of acceleration test equipment were analyzed. The torque distribution with the use of the gear phase difference to maintain the gearbox output condition was investigated, and energy was saved by circulating experimental power while controlling speed and load with two electric dynamometers. We analyzed the life of the gearbox by analyzing the metal particles generated in the lubricating oil of the gearbox.     

相位法测量仪的误差分析和实验研究

相位法以其测试精度高、测量频带宽的优点成为测量阻尼材料动态力学性能参数的一种重要方法。在对相位法测量原理研究的基础上,从理论上分析相位法测量仪中下夹持器质量的改变对测量阻尼材料杨氏模量结果的影响:在忽略下夹持器刚度和阻尼的影响时,下夹持器的质量越大,测量结果的误差也越大。最后,利用自行设计加工的测量装置进行实验研究,实验结果与理论分析基本一致。     

Failure analysis of submersible pump system collapse caused by assembly bolt crack propagation by stress corrosion cracking

Mechanically fastened joints using bolts are critical components in submersible pump systems. These bolts are subjected to aggressive environments in oil wells. Tightening torque preload and motor's weight are the principal loads that bolts support mechanically plus an occasional pipe flexure. Additionally, a corrosive sulfide-rich water environment presents an extremely demanding chemical condition. A better understanding of those failure mechanisms affecting such components could provide more safety, as well as costs and time saving during the operation of pump systems in wells.An assembly bolt from a submersible pump was fractured during service. Failure was the result of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) originated by pit corrosion. Mechanical and optical tests were performed to identify property changes. SEM with EDS, XRF and OES analyses were used to characterize the material and crack propagation. The fractured bolt material specification was medium carbon steel, while the material specified by the manufacturer was Ni–Cu alloy. The origin of the crack was located on a stress concentration region, but its nucleation was a result of high corrosive conditions.     

Theoretical study of a novel Sliding-Vane Rotary Pump – structure analysis and its chamber pressure

A new rotary volumetric pump, called a ‘Sliding-Vane Rotary Pump (SVRP)’, which was applied in the Xinjiang oilfield for its resistance to high temperature in well downhole was introduced in this paper. Compared to a conventional artificial lift pump, the volumetric efficiency and the energy saving are the obvious advantages of this pump. Based on the analysis of SVRP’s internal mechanical structure, the inner pressure distribution model of SVRP was established according to the compressibility of crude oil. Then, the load torque of both sides of the sliding-vane was calculated on the basis of the SVRP chamber pressure distribution model that has been established in the paper, and then the SVRP load torque curve was plotted. The pump load torque curve trend is consistent with the trend of the pressure curve. A conclusion was drawn that the ‘sealed angular difference’ of SVRP should be optimized to reduce the pump leakage and load torque for the reason of chamber pressure difference. The pressure variations of the pump chamber in the entire rotation period were analyzed in order to provide a theoretical pump leakage and pump efficiency analysis premise. It also can be utilized to explain the unbalanced pressure on pump bearing.     

C形环小试样疲劳裂纹扩展试验方法与应用

航空航天、核反应堆工程等重要工程结构的安全控制对材料断裂性能有重要需求,小尺寸试样断裂韧性测试需求日益凸显。该文提出了一套用于小尺寸构件疲劳裂纹扩展速率测试的C形环小试样试验方法,设计了试样构形和试验夹具,并基于有限元分析和柔度法理论,建立了C形环小试样裂纹长度预测公式和应力强度因子K的表达式。对于低压转子材料26NiCrMoV11-5钢,采用C形环小试样和标准CT试样完成了疲劳裂纹扩展试验,获得了材料的疲劳裂纹扩展特性,并讨论了新方法的有效性。