含重铬酸根硫酸溶液中磁场对铁自腐蚀状态及极化电阻的影响

铁在含有一定浓度重铬酸根的硫酸中,自腐蚀状态下的阴极反应速率受重铬酸根阴极还原电子转移过程与扩散过程共同控制．外加磁场使铁的自腐蚀电位正移,且电位正移幅度随重铬酸根浓度增加而增大．在没有外加磁场时的自腐蚀电位下进行恒电位极化时,外加磁场后会出现阴极电流,磁致阴极电流随重铬酸根的浓度增大而显著增大．外加磁场会使含有一定量重铬酸根的硫酸溶液中铁的极化电阻显著下降．通过对磁场作用进行模型化,分析了磁场作用的动力学机理．磁场对阴极扩散过程的加速作用导致了自腐蚀电位正移及磁致阴极电流,而磁场引起自腐蚀电位的正移是引起极化电阻减小的主要原因．     

含重铬酸根硫酸溶液中磁场对铁自腐蚀状态及极化电阻 …

铁在含有一定浓度重铬酸根的硫酸中,自腐蚀状态下的阴极反应速率受重铬酸根阴极还原电子转移过程与扩散过程共同控制,外加磁场使铁的自腐蚀电位正移,且电位正移幅度随重铬酸根浓度增加而增大,在没有外加磁场时的自腐蚀电位下进行恒电位极化时,外加磁场后会出现阴极电流,磁致阴极电流随重铬酸根的浓度增大而显著增大,外加磁场会钤吸一定量重铬酸根的硫酸溶液中铁的极化电阻昱著下降,产场作用进行模型化,分析了磁场作用的动力     

磁场对Cu/NaCl体系表观Tafel区阳极溶解的作用

采用线性电位扫描极化曲线测试 ,以及恒电位极化下磁场扰动法研究了磁场对铜在氯化钠溶液中阳极溶解的作用。在阳极表观 Tafel区 ,无磁场时恒电位极化然后外加磁场使阳极电流密度增大 ;有磁场时恒电位极化然后撤去磁场使阳极电流密度减小。磁场通过加速电极溶液界面的传质过程而加速阳极溶解。由于 Cu/ Na Cl与Fe/ H2 SO4体系阳极 Tafel区速率控制步骤不同 ,会导致不同的磁场效应作用     

磁场对铁在含亚硝酸根的氯化钠溶液中不同电位下极化电流的影响

采用动电位扫描极化曲线、恒电位极化和电化学阻抗谱研究了磁场对铁在含亚硝酸钠的氯化钠溶液中电化学行为的影响。结果表明:外加0.4T磁场使得自腐蚀电位下电化学阻抗谱中容抗弧半径变小;外加磁场导致阳极极化曲线在初期出现阴极电流,并在钝化区内降低外测电流密度;外加磁场增加高电位极化下的阳极电流密度。     

磁场对Cu／NaCl体系表现Tafel区阳极溶解的作用

采用线性电位扫描化曲线测试,以及恒电位极化下磁场扰动法研究了磁场对铜在氯钠溶液中的阳极溶解的作用,在阳极表观Tafel区,无磁场时恒电位极然后外加磁场使阳极电流密度增大,有磁场时恒电位极化然后撤去磁场使阳极电流密度减小,磁场通过加速电极溶液界面的传质过程而加速阳极溶解,由于Cu/NaCl与Fe/H2SO4体系阳极Tefel区速率控制步骤不同,会导致不同的磁场效应作用。     

磁场对车轴钢在NaCl溶液中腐蚀速率及阳极电流密度的影响

采用极化曲线和恒电位极化的方法,研究了磁场对车轴钢在自然充气的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率和阳极电流密度的影响。结果表明：磁场对较短浸泡周期内试样的腐蚀速率有显著的加速作用,而在较长时间浸泡周期内,磁场的影响减弱;磁场导致试样的自腐蚀电位正移,使得阳极极化曲线起始段的电流密度降低;在阳极极化曲线线性区间进行恒电位极化时,在较低电位下极化一段时间后电流密度能达到稳态,而在较高的电位下极化时电流密度先急增然后线性下降,外加磁场后阳极电流密度出现小幅增加,表明在该电位下极化时电极反应速率并非由带电离子离开电极表面的传质过程控制。     

X80管线钢在近中性pH溶液中腐蚀行为研究

目的研究X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中的腐蚀与应力腐蚀裂纹萌生行为。方法采用电化学实验和浸泡实验研究X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中的腐蚀行为,采用慢应变速率拉伸实验研究X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中,在自腐蚀电位和外加电位下的应力腐蚀裂纹萌生行为。结果 X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中的极化曲线只有活化区,没有钝化区,其自腐蚀电位约为-750 m V,浸泡195天后,试样表面没有氧化膜出现,但是观察到点蚀坑。在自腐蚀电位下,X80管线钢试验表面有大量的应力腐蚀裂纹;在-500 m V阳极外加电位下,X80管线钢试验表面几乎没有观察到应力腐蚀裂纹;在-850 m V阴极外加电位下,X80管线钢试验表面的应力腐蚀裂纹很少,但是随着外加阴极电位负移到-1300 m V时,X80管线钢试验表面的应力腐蚀裂纹增多。结论 X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中发生均匀腐蚀,但是夹杂物剥落能在X80管线钢表面形成点蚀坑。在近中性p H溶液中,在自腐蚀电位下,X80管线钢应力腐蚀裂纹萌生敏感性最强;外加阴极电位抑制应力腐蚀裂纹萌生,但是随着外加阴极电位的负移,应力腐蚀裂纹萌生敏感性增强;外加阳极电位下,由于均匀腐蚀的作用,应力腐蚀裂纹萌生敏感性较弱。     

外加电位对X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

采用慢应变速率拉仲试验(SSRT)研究了不同外加电位下X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为,并用扫描电镜分析了不同电位下的断面形貌.结果表明,X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中具有SCC敏感性;在Ecorr附近施加弱极化时,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增加;施加强阳极电位时,发生强烈阳极溶解,导致阳极溶解断裂;施加强阴极电位时,析氢过程加强,导致氢致应力腐蚀断裂.     

磁场对铁腐蚀过程中阴极析氢和阳极溶解的影响

用动电位扫描法研究了０．５Ｔ磁场下纯铁在三种典型介质中的阴极极化曲线和两种介质中的阳极极化曲线．发现磁场会引起一个新的过电位一磁致过电位ｍａｇ,使铁上阴极析氢和铁的阳极溶解有不同程度的加速,尤以在酸性介质中为甚．认为这是由于磁场使铁－水溶液界面抗磁性离子的水合作用减少和使Ｆｅ２＋有吸附于铁电极表面的倾向,导致双电层结构的改变和腐蚀体系的活性增加．     

溶液环境对模拟剥离涂层下X70钢腐蚀行为的影响

采用矩形缝隙装置,研究了阴极极化条件下本体Na₂SO₄溶液浓度、pH 值以及本体溶液的含氧状况对模拟剥离涂层下溶液的化学和电化学环境的影响,分析了剥离区域内X70钢表面发生的电化学反应。结果表明,增加本体Na₂SO₄溶液的浓度虽然有利于阴极电流在剥离涂层内传输,但会导致钢板表面钝化膜的破坏而发生腐蚀。本体溶液pH值为酸性时缝内的化学环境变化迅速,缝口处发生腐蚀反应;而碱性条件下剥离区的pH值基本不变。本体溶液供氧量的减少降低了剥离区域内阴极保护的有效距离。外加电位的中断使缝内溶液酸化,X70钢处于自腐蚀状态。     

In situ monitoring the effects of a magnetic field on the open-circuit corrosion states of iron in acidic and neutral solutions

The effects of a 0.4 T horizontal magnetic field (HMF) on the open-circuit corrosion states of iron in static aqueous solutions are studied by in situ monitoring the responses of two electrochemical parameters to the applied magnetic field, i.e. the open-circuit potential (OCP) and the current under potentiostatic polarization. The applied magnetic field makes the OCP shift in the noble direction. Withdrawing the magnetic field causes a negative shift of the OCP in acidic solutions, but it does not cause any significant change of OCP in neutral solutions. Imposing a magnetic field induces a cathodic current for iron that was previously potentiostatically polarized at the OCP without magnetic field. Withdrawing the magnetic field induces an anodic current for iron that was previously potentiostatically polarized at the OCP with the magnetic field. The magnetic field effect is more significant in the acid solutions than in the salt solutions. The magnetic field effects on the oxygen reduction and on the activation-controlled iron dissolution reaction are found to be insignificant. The magnetic field effect on the hydrogen reduction reaction on iron in acidic solutions is demonstrated. Results show the possibility that a magnetic field would affect the hydrogen evolution by enhancing the electron-transfer process that has been categorized in the classical electrochemistry kinetics to be the rate-determining process. The memory effect of the magnetic field on the electrochemical reaction is identified and discussed.     

Probing into the effects of a magnetic field on the electrode processes of iron in sulphuric acid solutions with dichromate based on the fundamental electrochemistry kinetics

The effects of an applied magnetic field on the electrode processes of iron in sulphuric acid solutions with dichromate have been investigated by electrochemical measurements. Open circuit potentials, cathodic and anodic polarisation curves, values of polarisation resistance were measured in the presence or absence of a 0.4 T horizontal magnetic field (HMF). A potentiostatic polarisation plus magnetic field perturbation technique was used to study the effect of the magnetic field on open circuit corrosion. Cathodic reaction rates at open circuit potentials for iron in sulphuric acid solutions containing dichromate ions are controlled by both the electron-transfer process and the diffusion process. A magnetic field made the open circuit potential move in the positive direction, and changes of the open circuit potentials due to the magnetic field increase with increasing dichromate concentration. When iron was potentiostatically polarised at open circuit potentials in the absence of a magnetic field, a cathodic current was observed after a magnetic field was imposed. Such cathodic currents induced by the magnetic field increases with increasing dichromate concentration. The positive shifts of open circuit potential, the decrease of polarisation resistance, and the occurrence of cathodic currents induced by the magnetic field are caused by the accelerating effect of magnetic field on the cathodic diffusion process. Measured current densities showed lower, equal, or higher values in the presence of the magnetic field than those in the absence of a magnetic field at certain anodic potentials. This effect of the magnetic field is related to the contribution of the cathodic and anodic reactions to the measured current and the types of rate-determining steps for each reaction at certain potentials. The applied magnetic field significantly decreased the polarisation resistance. The experimental results in this paper are formulated based on the fundamental electrochemistry kinetics after introducing a coefficient term of the magnetic field effect on the mass transfer process of reactive ions.     

磁场对铜在含三价铁离子硫酸溶液中的腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测量方法研究了磁场对铜在含三价铁离子硫酸溶液中自腐蚀以及阴极极化行为的作用,磁场不影响该体系的自腐蚀状态。磁场加速铜电极上三价铁离子的阴极扩散过程,随磁场强度增大,阴极极限扩散电流密度增大;磁场强度恒定时,磁场对三价铁离子阴极扩散的作用系数随三价铁离子浓度增加而增大;引起极限扩散电流密度明显增加的临界磁场强度随三价铁离子浓度增加而减小。由于铜与铁在含有三价铁离子的水溶液中的热力学稳定性不同,不同的自腐蚀电位下阴极反应的控制步骤类型不同而导致磁场作用不同。     

铝合金稀土转化膜碱性成膜工艺T3/T7的研究

采用正交实验方法得出了最佳成膜工艺T3/T7,利用线性极化、极化曲线测试、中性盐雾实验等对该工艺形成的膜层耐蚀性进行了研究,并对表面膜层的性能进行了一系列测试.结果表明:在NaCl水溶液中的全面腐蚀速度可降低10～20倍,可通过504h的中性盐雾试验;经该工艺处理后铝合金腐蚀的阴阳极过程都受到明显阻滞,且自然腐蚀电位负移,点蚀电位相对于自然腐蚀电位明显正移,T3/T7处理明显的改善了铝合金在氯化物介质中的耐点蚀性能     

磁场和CI~-对铁在中性Na_2SO_4溶液中阳极极化行为的影响

用动电位扫描法研究了外加磁场及Cl~-对铁在中性0.5mol/LNa_2SO_4溶液中阳极极化行为的影响。结果表明:有、无磁场下铁在含Cl~-的Na_2SO_4溶液中的阳极极化曲线都呈现活化-钝化-过钝化特征,虽然Cl~-会阻碍钝化膜的形成过程;外加磁场使E_p和E_F正移并增大i_(max)和i_(min),使钝化区范围缩小。Cl~-与磁场同时存在时对钝化膜的破坏有协同作用。     

锌铁合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究了熔炼所得Ｚｎ－Ｆｅ合金在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为。分两个含铁量区段０－１％和１％－１０％考究了Ｚｎ－Ｆｅ合金的开路电位和线性极化电阻，并用ＳＥＭ观察腐蚀前后的表面形貌。探讨了Ｆｅ含量对合金腐蚀行为产生的影响及其作用机理。     

阳极极化状态下铁电极的交流阻抗

研究了铁电极在中性Na_2SO_4溶液中恒电位阳极极化下。和在不同pH的H_2SO_4/Na_2SO_4溶液中腐蚀电位下的交流阻抗特性。当pH>3.5时,铁电极的界面电容急剧增大至10~3μF/cm~2数量级。而铁电极在中性Na_2SO_4溶液中的界面电容为铁电极上覆盖的Fe(OH)2的电容。通过恒电位阳极极化状态铁电极的高频和低频部份的阻抗特性分析,建立了阳极极化状态铁电极的等效电路。用交流阻抗计算了极化电流密度,其值与同样条件下测得的稳态电流密度相等,说明阳极极化状态下交流阻抗测定的适用性。     

Magnetic field effects on anodic polarisation behaviour of iron in neutral aqueous solutions

Abstract

The presence of a magnetic induction field with a flux density of 0·4 T caused the anodic active-passive transition potential of iron in neutral aqueous solutions of sodium sulphate to move in the noble direction and resulted in a reduction of the passive potential range. Anodic current densities at the active-passive transition potential and in the passive potential range increased in the presence of the magnetic field. There was a synergistic effect between the magnetic field and the presence of chloride in solution on the breakdown of iron passivity.