活性炭和沸石滤柱对饮用水中邻苯二甲酸酯类吸附性能的比较

采用煤质活性炭和斜发沸石填料滤柱,研究比较了四种邻苯二甲酸酯类在3种进水浓度(20、60、100μg·L-1)和三个滤速条件(4、5、6m·h-1)下的吸附去除性能.试验结果表明,从单种物质的去除效果看,20μg·L-1浓度进水时,活性炭对四种邻苯二甲酸酯的去除率均优于沸石;在60μg·L-1和100μg·L-1浓度进水时,活性炭滤柱对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的去除率高于沸石滤柱,而对于邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯两种物质,两个滤柱去除效果比较接近.滤柱出水浓度均随滤层厚度的增加而下降;滤速提高时,沸石滤柱和活性炭滤柱对四种酯类的去除率均有所下降,但对4种酯类物质的去除性能与4 m·h-1滤速时相似.作为饮用水处理中的一种替代性填料,沸石具有重要的研究开发前景.     

活性炭纤维对水中酸性大红的吸附脱色研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)对水中酸性大红的吸附脱色试验。温度为15℃~20℃,滤速为6mL/min时,浓度为12mg/L的酸性大红脱色率达98％以上。活性炭纤维经20次吸附与解吸实验,吸附脱色性能没有明显降低。与颗粒状活性炭(GAC)相比,活性炭纤维吸附脱色酸性大红的吸附量大,可望作为对吸附脱色酸性大红废水的方法。     

活性炭纤维对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色研究

研究了活性炭纤维（ACF）对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色试验。温度为15-20℃,滤速为4mL/min时。浓度为10mg/L的亚甲基蓝脱色率达98％以上。活性炭纤维经20次吸附与解吸实验,吸附脱色性能没有明显降低。与颗粒状活性炭（GAC）相比,活性炭纤维吸附脱色亚甲基蓝的速度快,在短时间内,就能达到吸附平衡。     

活性炭纤维对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色研究

研究了活性炭纤维（ACF）对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色试验,温度为15－20℃,滤速为4mL/min时,浓度为10mg/L的亚甲基蓝脱色率达98％以上。活性炭纤维经20次吸附与解吸实验,吸附脱色性能没有明显降低。与颗粒状活性炭（GAC）相比,活性炭纤维吸附脱色亚甲基蓝的速度快,在短时间内,就能达到吸附平衡。     

活性炭纤维对水中酸性大红的吸附脱色研究

研究了活性炭纤维（ACF）对水中酸性大红的吸附脱色试验。温度为15℃-20℃，滤速为6mL/min时，浓度为12mg/L的酸性大红脱色率达98%以上。活性炭纤维经20次吸附与解吸实验，吸附脱色性能没有明显降低。与颗粒状活性炭（GAC）相比，活性炭纤维吸附脱色酸性大红的吸附量大。可望作为吸附脱色酸性大红废水的方法。     

活性炭负载纳米二氧化钛对水体中砷的去除

采用批处理吸附实验,研究了颗粒活性炭和粉末活性炭负载纳米二氧化钛对水体中砷的去除效果及其初步机理。X射线衍射表征两种活性炭负载纳米二氧化钛后饱和吸附As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)前后的晶体结构图谱表明,其对砷的吸附属于表面吸附。结果说明,活性炭负载纳米二氧化钛便于纳米材料的回收,是发挥纳米二氧化钛除砷效果的重要措施。     

颗粒活性炭的特性参数与吸附性能的关系试验

采用活性炭进行饮用水的深度处理,选择适合原水水质的活性炭至关重要,通过6种不同颗粒活性炭特性参数的测试,对饮用水有机物的吸附试验以及吸附等温线的测定,结果表明:针对颗粒活性炭的筛选,碘值,亚甲蓝值,吸附等温线的KF及斜率1/n值均不能单独作为评价筛选活性炭优劣的指标,而应综合考虑颗粒活性炭的孔径分布与原水中有机物的相对分子质量分布相匹配等。研究还表明:碘值,亚甲蓝值,吸附等温线的KF存在一定的相关性,从颗粒活性炭的特性参数和吸附性能参数可以推测活性炭滤柱试验吸附效果。颗粒活性炭用于饮用水深度处理,能去除水中相对分子质量小的有机物,处理的水量为颗粒活性炭体积的4800倍时,对CODMn的去除率为15%左右。     

生物活性炭滤池换炭方式与效能评价

通过取南方某水厂炭滤池使用寿命长达9年的活性炭滤料,与新炭以不同比例进行挂柱,分析各炭滤柱对水质指标的去除效果。结果表明,全旧炭对有机物的去除基本依靠生物降解的作用;全新碳4#滤柱对CODMn、UV254和CHFP的去除效果略高于装填1/3旧炭、2/3新炭的3#滤柱;而3#滤柱对DOC和颗粒数的去除效果最佳。在活性炭滤池进水水质较好的情况下,装填2/3旧炭、1/3新炭的2#滤柱就能够使滤柱出水水质明显提高。从供水的安全性和经济性方面考虑,可以根据水厂的实际情况更换部分旧炭以降低制水成本。     

《柠檬酸脱色用颗粒活性炭》标准的研制

对柠檬酸脱色用颗粒活性炭标准研制中各项指标的确定进行了详细的论证。在标准的研制过程中各项指标的确定主要采用了具体实验和采样统计的方法。尤其是对颗粒活性炭脱色力指标进行了大量的实验研究,通过柠檬酸实物脱色的实验研究,证明了采用亚甲基蓝吸附值代替传统的醋酸吸附值来表示柠檬酸脱色用颗粒活性炭的吸附能力是合适的。     

活性炭纤维去除饮用水中痕量有机物的效果

采用了两种活性炭纤维（ACF）对水中TOC、UV254、CHCl3三种痕量有机物指标的去除进行了初步的研究并与颗粒活性炭（GAC）进行了对比。吸附速率线表明,ACFl对TOC、CHCl3的吸附速率较快,对UV254的吸附速率三种吸附剂相差不大;吸附等温线表明,ACFl对TOC、UV254、CHCl3的去除效果最好,在相同的平衡浓度下,ACFl的吸附容量最大;对CHCl3动态吸附穿透曲线进一步验证了静态实验的结论：ACFl去除水中CHCl3的效果最好,且当原水流经吸附柱的流速V=2．OL／h时,其饱和吸附量最大,为151．73μg／g。本实验的研究还表明,ACF及GAC对于TOC、UV254、CHCl3的吸附性能与其比表面积成正比。     

Combined Use of Ozone and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) in Potable Water Treatment; Effects on GAC Quality After Reactivation

Common processes in potable water treatment regarding dissolved organics removal (natural organic matter, NOM, and organic micropollutants, OMP) include oxidation techniques – like ozonation -and adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC). This paper deals with combined ozonation and GAC filtration. Effects on water quality are discussed: partial oxidation of dissolved organics by ozone, leading to changing adsorption behavior and enhanced biodegradation in GAC columns. Special emphasis is laid on long term effects of ozone on GAC quality after several thermal reactivations. Long term experience indicates that ozonation prior to GAC filtration, leading to moderate ozone concentrations in the GAC influent, does not influence GAC quality negatively, even after more than ten reactivation cycles.     

活性炭工艺去除水中典型药品的效能与机理

药品和个人护理品（PPCPs）因其潜在的环境和健康风险受到了广泛关注。实验选取8种典型药品为对象,采用中试规模的活性炭工艺研究了其去除效果和影响因素。结果表明,活性炭工艺对安替比林、达舒平、舒必利、磺胺甲口恶唑、泰妙菌素和氧苄胺嘧啶等的去除率为50%～90%,对林肯霉素和氨糖美辛的去除率均小于35%。典型药品的去除率受到滤速、有机物和pH等因素的影响,其中,氨糖美辛、林肯霉素和泰妙菌素等的去除率受滤速影响较大;磺胺甲口恶唑的去除率受pH影响较大。有机物对典型药品去除率的影响既有促进作用,又有抑制作用。典型药品的物化性质对其去除行为有重要影响,这有利于从分子水平上认识活性炭工艺对典型药品的去除机理。     

两工艺流程对高藻原水中微量有机物的去除特性

试验以高藻水源水为处理对象,就两工艺流程(溶气气浮 活性炭过滤,溶气气浮 砂滤 活性炭过滤)对高藻原水中微量有机物的去除特性进行了考察。试验采用了强化混凝,气浮单元对有机物有一定去除效果,对DOC的去除率高于其它处理单元,而对于BDOC、AOC、HAAsFP,气浮单元的去除效果均弱于两流程的炭滤柱。流程2砂滤柱对有机物去除效果较差。对于试验考察的微量有机物,流程1的去除效果优于流程2,并且起主导作用的处理单元均为炭滤柱,而流程1炭滤柱的去除效果优于流程2炭滤柱。     

Treatment of an industrial chemical waste‐water using a granular activated carbon adsorption‐microwave regeneration process

BACKGROUND: Industrial waste‐water is posing an ever‐greater environmental hazard. Recently, a process for purification combining activated carbon adsorption and microwave regeneration has drawn much attention. In this study, the effectiveness of this process for the treatment of industrial waste‐water from a chemical plant was tested. RESULTS: The effects of various factors including solution pH, granular activated carbon (GAC) dosage and contact time on the adsorption efficiency of organic compounds were studied. The regeneration of the exhausted GAC under microwave radiation was investigated, and the optimal conditions were: microwave power 400 W, radiation time 3 min for 10 g GAC. Under the optimal conditions the regenerated GAC recovered 97.6% of its original adsorption capacity. Repetitive uses of the GAC showed that it maintained a stable performance in the first few repetitions, but a decrease was observed after further repetitions. A GAC weight loss of about 10% at the sixth repetition was observed and a decrease in the surface area and increase in the surface basicity were observed for the regenerated GAC. Economic evaluation of the microwave regeneration process suggested that the total cost was about 24.3% of the GAC price at a pilot scale. CONCLUSIONS: A satisfactory regeneration of the chemical waste‐water exhausted GAC could be achieved under microwave radiation. The GAC adsorption‐microwave regeneration process was applicable for the treatment of this chemical waste‐water. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation Of Ozone/Biological Treatment For Disinfection Byproducts Control And Biologically Stable Water

Impacts of ozonation followed by biological filtration on the formation of disinfection byproducts and the production of biologically stable water were studied on pilot plant and full-scale at two U.S. locations (Oakland, CA and Tampa, FL). Also evaluated is a method to estimate bacterial regrowth potential by comparing it to assimilable organic carbon (AOC) measurements. At both locations, settled plant water is diverted to the pilot plant where it is split into two parallel trains. One train is ozonated, then Filtered through anthracite/sand dual media followed by GAC or through a GAC/sand dual media filter. The other train (control) is identical except that the water is not ozonated. The full scale plants have sedimentation, ozonation, then GAC/sand filtration.     

吸附与超滤法深度处理城市污水试验研究

采用活性炭吸附法和超滤法,对城市污水厂二级出水进行了深度处理试验研究.试验结果表明,粒状活性炭对污水中溶解性有机物有较好的去除效果,当允许出水CODCr为15 mg/L以下、炭层厚度为2 m、滤速为3 m/h、5 m/h和7 m/h时,吨水用炭量基本在0.2 kg/m3.超滤对水中浊度去除率在95 %以上.超滤膜清洗采用洗涤剂配制的清洗液及5 %的H2SO4、4 %的NaOH溶液清洗,膜通量可得到较好的恢复.     

Effect of Ozone and GAC Process for the Treatment of Micropollutants and DBPs Control in Drinking Water: Pilot Scale Evaluation

To improve the quality of water supplied to the City of Seoul in Korea, a pilot-scale evaluation of how the conventional treatment process could be upgraded was conducted. Three candidate processes were evaluated and compared: a conventional process (consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration) plus GAC (Train A); a conventional process plus ozone and GAC (Train B); and a process consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, intermediate ozone, sand filtration, and GAC (Train C). Treatment efficiency of the unit process and overall treatment trains were evaluated using several parameters such as turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄), specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), micropollutants (pesticides, benzenes, and phenols), disinfection by-products (trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and aldehydes), and total organic halogen (TOX). Results showed that ozone and/or GAC was effective for removing micropollutants and controlling chlorinated by-products such as THMs and HAAs. However, any synergistic effect of ozonation (adsorption and biodegradation) on GAC was observed due to the low concentration of aldehydes in raw and process water.     

Removal Of Residual Organics From Drinking Water By Ozonation And Activated Carbon Filtration: A Pilot Plant Study

The effects of ozonation, granular (GAC) and biological activated carbon (BAC) in the removal of natural organic matter and precursors of disinfection byproducts from drinking water were studied on pilot scale. Ozonation was determined to be the best method to reduce concentrations of the precursors of AOX, chloroform and mutagenicity, whereas BAC removed organic matter the most effectively. Reductions in TA100 mutagenicity were an average 40%, 4%, 26% in ozonated, GAC and BAC filtered water, respectively. Average reductions of AOX levels were similar at 48%, 7% and 35%, respectively. The chloroform formation potential always increased after GAC filtration.     

Fluidized Bed GAC Filtration for the Control of Ozone Residuals

A laboratory scale study was conducted in order to investigate upflow granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration for the removal of aqueous ozone. The experimental results showed that fluidized bed GAC filtration operated at hydraulic loadings of 60 — 100 m/h is a promising process for the safe destruction of ozone residuals at the end of ozone contactors. The key parameters in terms of ozone destruction are empty bed contact time, the specific ozone destruction capability of the different GACs and the specific surface of the carbon. Ozone removal in such filters was well described with first order kinetics and external mass transfer was not limiting. Under given conditions in terms of ozone influent concentration, GAC granulometry, GAC density and bed depth, hydraulic loading and available headloss have to be traded off in order to design a well adapted and robust system.     

Network analysis of packed-bed activated carbon electrodes with linear I/V-graphs

Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration is an important step in the purification of surface water. However, charcoal causes corrosion of steel in water when there is an electrical contact between the two. For many carbons it is now possible to discuss the instantaneous voltage behaviour of the GAC bed under these conditions. Most GAC packed-bed electrodes show linear I/V-graphs. In this case the GAC bed can be treated as a four-terminal network. With the aid of network theory the voltage behaviour under a great variety of electrical conditions can be discussed. The method, device and evaluation process are described.