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1.
Degeneration of intervertebral discs due to smoking: experimental assessment in a rat-smoking model 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hiroshi Oda Hiromi Matsuzaki Yasuaki Tokuhashi Ken Wakabayashi Yoshinao Uematsu Masaki Iwahashi 《Journal of orthopaedic science》2004,9(2):135-141
We have investigated the intervertebral discs of rat-smoking models to demonstrate that smoking is a cause of degenerative intervertebral disc disease. A smoking box was developed for this study. We exposed 8-week-old rats to indirect tobacco smoke inhalation. Each rat was forced to inhale the smoke from one cigarette per hour. The mean blood nicotine level of rodents exposed to cigarette smoke corresponds to about twice that of ordinary human smokers. Histological and immunological studies were then performed to assess the effects of smoking for varying periods of time. After 8 weeks, the chondrocytes in the disordered annulus fibrosus layer tended to grow larger and attain a rounder form than normal chondrocytes. The interleukin-1 level in the 8-week smoking group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Tobacco smoke inhalation increased local production and release of inflammatory cytokines and resultant decomposition of chondrocyte activity. 相似文献
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Passive cigarette smoking changes the circadian rhythm of clock genes in rat intervertebral discs 下载免费PDF全文
Shumpei Numaguchi Mariko Esumi Mika Sakamoto Michiko Endo Takayuki Ebihara Hirotoki Soma Akio Yoshida Yasuaki Tokuhashi 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2016,34(1):39-47
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Summary A new discomanometry system was developed and evaluated for application in the lumbar spine. The diagnostic reliability of discography, manometry and discomanometry (a combination of both methods) was assessed in 20 lumbar cadaver spines (95 intervertebral discs) with regard to the diagnosis of non-contained intervertebral discs. The sensitivity was 92% for manometry and 78% for discography. This indicates that 22% of the non-contained discs could not be correctly identified with common discography. The specificity was 98% for manometry and 100% for discography, indicating that contained discs could be easily identified with both methods. A combination of manometry and discography provides a high sensitivity (98%) as well as high specificity (98%). It is concluded that discomanometry is a simple, cost-effective and reliable diagnostic procedure which can precede percutaneous nucleotomy without additional risks or relevant efforts. It allows the differentiation between contained and non-contained intervertrebral discs with a high degree of diagnostic reliability in an experimental setting, which justifies its further application in patients.
Résumé Un nouveau système de discomanométrie a été développé et évalué afin d'être appliqué au rachis lombaire. La fiabilité diagnostique de la discographie, de la manométrie et de la discomanométrie (combinaison des deux méthodes) en matière de hernie discale, a été évaluée sur 20 rachis lombaires de cadavres (95 disques intervertébraux). La sensibilité était de 92% pour la manométrie et 78% pour la discographie. Cela indique que 22% des disques présentant une hernie ne pouvaient pas être identifiés par la discographie de routine. La spécificité était de 98% pour la manométrie et 100% pour la discographie, indiquant que les disques intacts pouvaient être aisément identifiés par les deux méthodes. Une combinaison de la manométrie et de la discographie assure une grande sensibilité (98%) ainsi qu'une haute spécificité (98%). En conclusion, la discomanométrie est un procédé diagnostique simple, économique et fiable que l'on peut pratiquer avant la nucléotomie percutanée sans risques ni efforts supplémentaires importants. Elle permet de distinguer les disques intervertébraux intacts des disques rompus avec une grande fiabilité diagnostique expérimentale, ce qui justifie son utilisation chez les patients.
Presented in part at the 3rd Annual Meeting of the European Spine Society, Cambridge, September 3–5, 1992 相似文献
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Histological changes in aging lumbar intervertebral discs. Their role in protrusions and prolapses 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
T Yasuma S Koh T Okamura Y Yamauchi 《The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume》1990,72(2):220-229
To study the relationships between the changes due to aging in lumbar intervertebral discs and the development of protrusion or prolapse, we carried out histological studies on operative specimens of thirty-one discs, of which twenty-two had been protruded and nine, prolapsed. The specimens were obtained during twenty-nine operations for herniation of a lumbar intervertebral disc in patients who were sixty years old or older. Changes in the anulus fibrosus were more extensive in the nine prolapsed discs than in the twenty-two protruded discs. Of the nine prolapsed discs, myxomatous degeneration, fibrosis, and swollen anular fibers were found in all nine, and cysts were seen in five. Of the twenty-two protruded discs, only five showed myxomatous degeneration; ten, fibrosis; one, a cyst; and sixteen, swollen fibers. For comparison, we also studied specimens that had been obtained at operation from twenty-one other patients, twenty to fifty-nine years old, who had a prolapsed disc. The anulus showed myxomatous degeneration in all twenty-one specimens, cysts in eight, and fibrosis in ten. In addition, we examined 368 autopsy specimens from people who had been between twenty-five and eighty-five years old at the time of death. In many of the subjects who had died in the sixth decade of life or later, we found that the orientation of the inner fiber bundles of the anulus fibrosus was reversed, so that they bulged inward. The reversal appeared to be the result of myxomatous degeneration of the middle fibers of the anulus, atrophy of the nucleus, and narrowing of the disc space. These histological findings suggest explanations for the predominance of protrusions of the nucleus pulposus in patients who are less than sixty years old and of prolapse of the anulus fibrosus in the few patients who are more than sixty years old who have herniation of an intervertebral disc. 相似文献
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Histology of intervertebral disc protrusion: an experimental study using an aged rat model 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
STUDY DESIGN: In vitro experimental intervertebral disc ruptures of aged rats were examined histologically. OBJECTIVES: To clarify the mechanism of intervertebral disc herniations by microscopic investigation of ruptured discs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Clinically, disc herniations have been classified into two types: extrusion and protrusion. However, the pathogenesis of protrusion type herniations has not yet been demonstrated by any studies. To clarify this issue, it is essential to establish an appropriate model producing disc herniations, and to examine the sequential changes in the structure of herniated discs. METHODS: Lumbar discs of 2-year-old rats were examined histologically and compared with human lumbar discs. To examine structural changes in discs subjected to repetitive motion stress, 400 repetitions of a sequence of flexion (30 degrees ) and axial rotation (6 degrees ) were applied in vitro to the lumbar discs of the animals. RESULTS: The microstructure of normal lumbar discs in aged rats was similar in many ways to the human lumbar discs in a 20- to 40-year-old adult. Of 10 discs subjected to repetitive stress, 4 were ruptured at the junction between the posterior anulus fibrosus and the sacral cartilage endplate. One had an extruded nucleus pulposus, and three had a protruded anulus fibrosus, which displayed disorganized structure containing widened and flaccid lamellae. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that disc protrusion can be caused by disorganization of the ruptured annular lamellae, not by focal compression of the nucleus pulposus. 相似文献
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Age changes in lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Reduction of stature in old age has been attributed to loss of disc height. A measurement study of 204 cadaveric lumbar spines from subjects ranging in age from one day to 97 years confirmed data on loss of "spinal stature" but could not confirm a loss of disc height. With aging, there is a progressive increase in vertebral end-plate concavity, associated with decreased bone density. These changes are more evident and take place earlier in females than in males. In the cancellous bone of vertebral bodies, a decrease in the number of horizontal trabecular "cross braces" leads to fracture of the vertical weight-bearing "beams" supporting the vertebral endplate. The intervertebral discs expand centrally and become increasingly convex. Measurements of average disc height demonstrate that loss of disc height is unusual in a normal, aging population. Only a minority of lower lumbar discs from elderly subjects show "thinning" and degeneration (beyond Rolander's Grade 2). Thus, loss of stature in the elderly is attributable to loss in vertebral height rather than loss in disc height. Dessication and thinning of discs, or discs that "bulge like underinflated automobile tires" are not typical of elderly spines. 相似文献
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《The spine journal》2008,8(6):982-990
Background contextThe intervertebral disc is a common source of low back pain (LBP). Prospective studies suggest that treatments that intermittently distract the disc might be beneficial for chronic LBP. Although the potential exists for distraction therapies to affect the disc biomechanically, their effect on intradiscal stress is debated.PurposeTo determine if distraction alone, distraction combined with flexion, or distraction combined with extension can reduce nucleus pulposus pressure and posterior annulus compressive stress in cadaveric lumbar discs compared with simulated standing or lying.Study designLaboratory study using single cadaveric motion segments.Outcome measuresStrain gauge measures of nucleus pulposus pressure and compressive stress in the anterior and posterior annulus fibrosus.MethodsIntradiscal stress profilometry was performed on 15 motion segments during 5 simulated conditions: standing, lying, and 3 distracted conditions. Disc degeneration was graded by inspection from 1 (normal) to 4 (severe degeneration).ResultsAll distraction conditions markedly reduced nucleus pressure compared with either simulated standing or lying. There was no difference between distraction with flexion and distraction with extension in regard to posterior annulus compressive stress. Discs with little or no degeneration appeared to distribute compressive stress differently than those with moderate or severe degeneration.ConclusionsDistraction appears to predictably reduce nucleus pulposus pressure. The effect of distraction therapy on the distribution of compressive stress may be dependent in part on the health of the disc. 相似文献
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Je Hoon Jeong Jung Hwan Lee Eun Sun Jin Joong Kee Min Sang Ryong Jeon Kyoung Hyo Choi 《Acta neurochirurgica》2010,152(10):1771-1777
Background
Because adipose-tissue-derived stromal cell (ADSC) is readily accessible and abundant in stem cell, ADSC may be a better candidate for cell therapy and tissue engineering. This study investigated the potential of ADSC implantation to restore disc in a rat IVD model. 相似文献12.
Nakano M Matsui H Ishihara H Kawaguchi Y Gejo R Hirano N 《Journal of spinal disorders》2001,14(4):293-300
To evaluate the relation between the morphologic changes of postoperative intervertebral discs and the clinical outcome after posterior lumbar discectomy, the size of the bulging disc was analyzed prospectively on serial follow-up magnetic resonance images in 26 randomly selected patients. The bulging of postoperative intervertebral discs involved three patterns of reduction: early reduction (n = 15), gradual reduction (n = 6), and late reduction (n = 5). There was a significant difference in the serial changes of subjective symptoms and neurologic function among the three patterns. A late reduction of postoperative disc bulging could cause late recovery of subjective symptoms and neurologic disturbance. 相似文献
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A temporary pinching off of the spermatic cord was carried out in 100 male Wistar rats in order to evaluate the effect of a limited period of ischaemia on the testicular parenchyma. The animals were divided into four groups of equal number, and a certain period of ischaemia was chosen (15, 30, 45 and 60 min). The histological investigation of the testicle parenchyma was performed 2 months after the operation, the contralateral testicle serving as control. Already an ischaemia of 15 min leads to a statistically significant, irreversible damage of 53.5% of the seminiferous tubulus (p = 0.001). The degree of the damage does not increase up to an ischaemic period of 1 h. Since rat testicles have proven to be a model for the judgement of human fertility, operations on testicles which are combined with a temporary ischaemia of this organ, should be ended within a few minutes. 相似文献
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Nam Vo Hyoung‐Yeon Seo Andria Robinson Gwendolyn Sowa Douglas Bentley Lauren Taylor Rebecca Studer Arvydas Usas Johnny Huard Sean Alber Simon C. Watkins Joon Lee Paulo Coehlo Dong Wang Mattia Loppini Paul D. Robbins Laura J. Niedernhofer James Kang 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2010,28(12):1600-1607
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common and debilitating disorder that results in reduced flexibility of the spine, pain, and reduced mobility. Risk factors for IDD include age, genetic predisposition, injury, and other environmental factors such as smoking. Loss of proteoglycans (PGs) contributes to IDD with advancing age. Currently there is a lack of a model for rapid investigation of disc aging and evaluation of therapeutic interventions. Here we examined progression of disc aging in a murine model of a human progeroid syndrome caused by deficiency of the DNA repair endonuclease, ERCC1–XPF (Ercc1?/Δ mice). The ERCC1‐deficient mice showed loss of disc height and degenerative structural changes in their vertebral bodies similar to those reported for old rodents. Compared to their wild‐type littermates, Ercc1?/Δ mice also exhibit other age‐related IDD characteristics, including premature loss of disc PG, reduced matrix PG synthesis, and enhanced apoptosis and cell senescence. Finally, the onset of age‐associated disc pathologies was further accelerated in Ercc1?/Δ mice following chronic treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent mechlorethamine. These results demonstrate that Ercc1?/Δ mice represent an accurate and rapid model of disc aging and provide novel evidence that DNA damage negatively impacts PG synthesis. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1600–1607, 2010 相似文献
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STUDY DESIGN: An analysis of proteoglycans of the intervertebral disc using immunoblotting of tissue extracts. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the changes in structure and abundance of fibromodulin and lumican in human intervertebral discs during aging and degeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Fibromodulin and lumican are keratan sulfate proteoglycan constituents of the disc's extracellular matrix, whose interaction with collagen fibrils may contribute to the mechanical properties of the tissue. Changes in their abundance and/or structure that occur with aging and degeneration therefore may have an impact on disc function. METHODS: Lumbar intervertebral discs were obtained from individuals of different ages, and extracts of anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting using antibodies specific for fibromodulin and lumican. RESULTS: The major changes in abundance observed with age were a decrease in fibromodulin in the adult nucleus pulposus and an increase in lumican in anulus fibrosus during early juvenile development. In addition, fibromodulin in the anulus fibrosus exhibited a structural change with increasing age, characterized by a shift toward the predominance of its glycoprotein form lacking keratan sulfate. Fibromodulin was more abundant in the anulus fibrosus than in nucleus pulposus at all ages, whereas lumican was much more abundant in nucleus pulposus than in anulus fibrosus in the young juvenile; in the adult, however, lumican was present in comparable levels in both tissues. With increasing degrees of degeneration, fibromodulin exhibited an increase in abundance. CONCLUSIONS: Growth, aging, and degeneration of the intervertebral disc are associated with changes in the abundance and structure of fibromodulin and lumican, which presumably influence the functional properties of the tissue. 相似文献
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大鼠退变腰椎间盘组织的超微结构观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]观察大鼠腰椎间盘退变动物模型中椎间盘组织的超微结构改变。[方法]32只SD大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各16只。实验组采用手术方法以L3为中心切除棘突、关节突、棘上、棘间韧带,切断双侧竖棘肌。对照组仅切开皮肤后即缝合。术后8周,应用电镜技术对SD大鼠椎间盘组织进行详细的超微结构观察。[结果]对照组的椎间盘组织超微结构的病理改变不显著,而实验组表现为软骨样细胞减少,出现不同程度地退变、坏死,细胞器数目减少,细胞外周致密颗粒增多;基质中胶原纤维发生不同程度的变性、融合、扭结或钙化,胶原纤维束间裂隙增大;[结论]应用电镜观察腰椎间盘退变动物模型的超微病理改变,可为研究腰椎间盘疾患提供相关的实验依据。 相似文献
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N Nishimura 《Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai zasshi》1987,61(1):39-48
Using hypophosphatemic rat maintained on a low phosphate diet as a model for human rickets and osteomalacia, the skeletal muscle was histochemically and electron microscopically examined, in comparison with specimens obtained from normal control animals. In muscles obtained from hypophosphatemic animals, the type 2 muscle fibers were increased in number, and the type 1 fibers were atrophic. Electron microscopic studies revealed some atypical structures of mitochondria with fusion of cristae in the muscle spindles of intrafusal muscle fibers. The presynapse, the secondary cleft, and the endplate plasm were significantly atrophic in the extrafusal neuromuscular junction. Mitochondrial vacuolization was observed in the presynapse. These results indicated the presence of immature muscle fibers, dysfunction of the energy metabolism of the mitochondria and neurogenic disorders in hypophosphatemic muscles. 相似文献
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