脊柱截骨术治疗合并脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系综合征的先天性脊柱侧凸

目的:探讨脊柱截骨术治疗合并脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系综合征的先天性脊柱侧凸的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2007年6月~2013年6月在我院采用脊柱截骨手术治疗的23例合并脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系综合征的先天性脊柱侧凸患者。其中男6例,女17例;手术时年龄16.9±3.4岁(10~23岁)。腰骶部疼痛8例,其中5例仅表现为腰骶部疼痛,神经功能损害18例。术前冠状位Cobb角95.4°±25.2°(65°~156°)。Ⅰ型脊髓纵裂9例,Ⅱ型脊髓纵裂14例。脊髓圆锥位置均在L3水平以下。对合并Ⅰ型脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系的患者,采用骨性纵隔切除、一期脊柱截骨矫形;合并Ⅱ型脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系的患者单纯行一期脊柱截骨矫形(未处理纤维纵隔)。其中行全脊椎截骨13例,经椎弓根截骨10例。术前、术后3个月和末次随访时分别测量患者侧凸Cobb角,并按脊柱裂神经功能评分(SBNS)分级评估神经功能恢复情况。结果:手术时间571.1±136.5min(310~835min);术中失血量4888.3±2482.3ml(500~9600ml)。随访38.9±18.3个月(24~79个月)。术后冠状面Cobb角33.7°±15.9°(3°~73°),较术前明显改善(P0.05),矫正率平均为(62.3±14.1)%;末次随访时冠状面Cobb角37.4°±17.2°(5°~82°),矫正率平均为(58.1±14.7)%,较术后平均丢失4.2°±2.3°,与术后比较无明显矫形丢失(P0.05),但与术前相比有明显改善(P0.05)。末次随访时,18例患者神经损害症状获得不同程度改善,其中13例术前SBNS神经功能分级为Ⅱ级者术后恢复至Ⅰ级;2例Ⅲ级恢复至Ⅱ级;另外3例神经损害评分提高,SBNS分级维持不变,脊柱侧凸畸形及局部疼痛明显好转。围手术期出现并发症5例,其中2例术后出现单侧下肢肌力下降,1例术后2周下肢肌力恢复至4级,另1例于术后3个月恢复至术前水平,术后2年随访肌力基本恢复正常;术中发现胸膜破裂1例,术后脑脊液漏1例、泌尿系感染1例。所有病例术后无伤口感染、假关节形成、内固定松动/断裂及永久性神经损害并发症。结论:脊柱截骨术治疗合并脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系综合征的先天性脊柱侧凸患者安全有效,且对神经功能恢复有促进作用。     

伴神经损害脊柱侧后凸畸形患者脊髓内移后路矫形术后神经电生理变化

目的:观察伴神经功能损害脊柱侧后凸畸形患者脊髓内移后路矫形术后神经电生理变化和功能转归。方法:2005年1月~2014年1月在我院接受脊髓内移、脊柱后路矫形内固定术治疗伴神经损害的脊柱侧后凸畸形患者14例,女6例,男8例;年龄22.0±14.5岁(6~53岁)。术前均表现为双下肢麻木,其中7例伴行走不稳;双下肢病理征均为阳性。神经功能Frankel分级:C级5例,D级9例。胸弯11例,胸腰弯3例,后凸顶椎均位于侧凸顶椎区内。术前冠状面主弯Cobb角为76.9°±33.2°(65°~100°),后凸Cobb角为71.5°±31.8°(41°~125°)。采用加拿大XLTEK肌电诱发电位仪分别于术前和术后1周检测14例患者的体感诱发电位(SEP),术中行SEP和运动诱发电位(MEP)监测。在MRI上测量顶椎区凸侧脊髓外缘至椎管内缘距离,计算脊髓内移距离。结果:术前胫后神经SEP P40的波幅与峰潜伏期为1.67±0.38μV和38.96±2.51ms,术中为1.69±0.36μV和38.15±2.14ms,术中与术前比较波幅与峰潜伏期均无显著性变化(P0.05)。术后冠状面主弯Cobb角矫正率为(50.3±20.6)%(14.5%~85%),后凸Cobb角矫正率为(39.0±17.7)%(20.8%~57.9%);顶椎区脊髓位置平均内移2.3±1.6mm(0.6~4.4mm)。术后1周时胫后神经SEP P40波幅与潜伏期为2.10±0.35μV和35.54±2.12ms,与术前比较明显改善(P0.05)。神经功能均有明显改善。结论:脊髓内移后路矫形内固定治疗伴神经损害的脊柱侧后凸畸形术后患者神经电生理指标和神经功能均明显改善。     

骨桥切断凹侧松解半椎体切除治疗儿童轻中度混合型先天性脊柱侧后凸

目的:探讨骨桥切断、凹侧松解、半椎体切除治疗儿童轻中度混合型先天性脊柱侧后凸的效果。方法:2001年1月~2013年1月对32例椎体分节障碍混合椎体形成障碍的先天性脊柱侧后凸患儿行后路半椎体切除的同时,行凹侧骨桥切断、松解,利用椎弓根钉棒系统矫形。其中男10例,女22例;年龄4~12岁(7.8±4.2岁)。侧凸Cobb角58.3°±12.5°(35°~78°),后凸Cobb角47.6°±15.6°(13°~55°),躯干偏移18.2±5.5mm(11~32mm)。畸形位于T7~L3,顶椎位于胸段11例、胸腰段13例、腰段8例。合并脊髓纵裂3例,神经根囊肿1例,脊髓拴系综合征1例。结果:手术时间230±125min(160~270min),术中出血量590±113ml(310~850ml)。术中2例置钉过程中出现椎弓根骨折,调整固定节段后完成矫形。术后1例出现单侧下肢麻木无力,予甲强龙及脱水剂治疗1周后症状缓解;2例出现脑脊液漏。术后脊柱侧凸Cobb角13.8°±7.1°(5°~28°),矫正率(76.3±9.5)%;脊柱后凸15.1°±3.9°(0~20°),矫正率(68.3±11.2)%;躯干偏移距离3.1±2.3mm(0~11.6mm)。随访18.4±12.6个月(12~60个月),末次随访时侧凸矫正率丢失(3.9±1.6)%,后凸矫正率丢失(2.3±0.9)%,无内固定松动及断裂发生。结论:对儿童轻中度混合型先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形,行后路一期半椎体切除的同时,将凹侧分节障碍的骨桥予以切断、松解,再通过椎弓根钉棒系统矫形,可获得满意的矫形效果。     

先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂的临床特点及手术疗效

目的 :研究手术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂的患者的临床特点,评估其手术疗效及并发症发生情况。方法:回顾性分析2005年3月～2017年3月间我院收治并行手术治疗的先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂患者69例,其中女性41例,男性28例,平均年龄13.9±4.5岁(7～34岁)。所有患者术前均行全脊柱正侧位X线、CT及MRI检查,术后即刻及末次随访行全脊柱正侧位X线检查,测量影像学参数(主弯Cobb角、次弯Cobb角、主弯顶椎偏距、躯干偏移、胸椎后凸角及腰椎前凸角),分析先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂的影像学特点及临床表现,并评估脊柱侧凸矫形率及相关并发症[矫形率=(术前Cobb角-术后即刻Cobb角)/术前Cobb角]。结果:在69例脊髓纵裂患者中,单纯膜性纵裂50例,骨性纵裂4例,膜性合并骨性纵裂15例。合并椎板畸形38例,半椎体24例,肋骨畸形25例,37例同时存在其他椎管内畸形,椎管外畸形8例。临床表现主要有:背部毛发10例,跛行6例,腰背痛4例,截瘫2例。双下肢/双足异常8例,神经系统阳性体征20例。脊髓纵裂好发于下胸段及腰段,占72.4%(50/69),纵裂累及椎体节段平均为4.2±2.7个。所有患者中,1例在矫形前行骨嵴切除,余均未对纵裂做预防性切除,仅单纯行侧凸矫形内固定术。60例得到随访,随访率为86.9%。平均随访时间32.4±22.7个月(13～115个月)。术前主弯Cobb角平均为71.8°±29.4°,次弯Cobb角为46.4°±17.3°,胸椎后凸角为39.5°±36.1°,腰椎前凸角为50.4°±17.3°;主弯顶椎偏距为6.2±3.6cm,躯干偏移平均为2.8±3.0cm。术后即刻主弯Cobb角28.8°±21.6°,次弯Cobb角25.6°±14.5°,胸椎后凸角25.5°±19.1°,腰椎前凸角42.3°±15.4°;主弯顶椎偏距4.2±3.3cm,躯干偏移2.4±2.8cm,主弯顶椎旋转度所有患者术后即刻冠状位主弯矫形率为(59.9±22.0)%,末次随访时矫形率为(53.6±25.7)%。术后即刻与术前相比,主弯Cobb角、次弯Cobb角、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角及主弯顶椎偏距均有明显统计学差异(P0.01),主弯顶椎旋转度及躯干偏移无明显统计学差异。末次随访时主弯Cobb角平均为33.3°±25.9°,次弯Cobb角为27.1°±16.9°,胸椎后凸角为25.1°±16.1°,腰椎前凸角为45.6°±17.6°;主弯顶椎偏距为4.9±6.0cm,躯干偏移平均为2.1±2.0cm,末次随访与术后相比,均无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。术后共6例出现神经系统并发症,发生率为8.7%,均为不完全神经损伤,无截瘫发生。内固定相关并发症3例,包括螺钉松动2例,内固定棒断裂1例。2例螺钉松动患者无任何临床症状,予以随访观察;1例内固定棒断裂患者手术翻修,未再次出现并发症。结论:先天性脊柱侧凸合并SCM手术治疗患者纵裂好发于下胸段及腰段,椎体畸形以混合型最多见;中下胸段肋骨畸形的伴发率最高。     

脊柱截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂畸形的安全性和近期疗效

目的 评估脊柱截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂畸形的安全性与近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年5月至2011年5月间采用脊柱截骨手术治疗31例先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂患者的病历资料,29例获得随访.男11例,女18例;年龄6～26岁,平均13岁.其中合并脊髓栓系综合征7例.术前冠状位Cobb角25°～120°,平均66.5°±21.5°;冠状位顶椎偏距0～100 mm,平均(52.1±21.3)mm;冠状位躯干偏距0～40 mm,平均(12.2±13.2) mm.采用半椎体切除7例、经椎弓根截骨16例、全椎体切除6例.结果 随访8～24个月,平均18个月.术后即刻冠状位Cobb角15°～40°,平均24.4°±18.6°,平均矫正率63.3％.术后即刻冠状位顶椎偏距0～50 mm,平均(21.1±19.2) mm,平均矫正率59.5％.术后即刻冠状位躯干偏移0～28 mm,平均(5.5±10.5) mm,平均矫正率55.0％.手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义.合并脊髓栓系综合征的7例患者中3例下肢肌力恢复1～2级,1例小便控制得到改善.所有患者术后均未出现永久性神经功能恶化现象.随访期间4例患者各发生1枚螺钉断裂,均为应力集中部位.结论 先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂畸形,骨性纵裂近端脊柱截骨矫形可获满意疗效,对部分有脊髓栓系神经症状者有促进神经功能恢复的作用.     

胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的前路矫正术

目的评价胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正术的临床效果。方法1998年1月~2004年1月,76例胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受前路选择性矫正融合术。患者共76例,男19例,女57例,平均年龄为16.2岁(13~27岁)。按照Lenke分型,Ⅴ型41例,Ⅵ型35例。其中Lenke Ⅴ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均51.3°(38°~65°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均35.5°(23°~41°);Lenke Ⅵ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均53.4°(46°~68°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均39.2°(27°~51°)。所有患者均接受侧前路矫正选择性胸腰段融合。术后以及随访中对胸腰段侧凸矫正以及胸段代偿矫正情况进行分析对比,同时采用SRS-22评分评价患者手术前后的功能状况。结果患者均安全完成手术,无严重并发症发生。所有患者均随访2年以上(2~5年)。Lenke Ⅴ型组术后胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均11.2°(3°~15°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均8.3°(2°~11°),最终随访时分别为13.2°(5°~17°)和10.1°(4°~15°),无躯干冠状面失代偿发生;LenkeⅥ型组术后Cobb角平均16.3°(8°~21°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均13.7°(11°~19°),最终随访时分别为17.5°(11°~24°)和15.2°(14°~21°);仅1例发生躯干冠状面失代偿,但不需要进一步治疗。两组之间无统计学差异。所有患者均在术后以及最终随访时填写了SRS-22评分表,结果显示两组患者均对治疗结果表示满意。结论胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正、选择性融合可以获得良好矫正,术后胸段弯曲能够获得较好的代偿矫正,并在远期随访中维持矫正效果和躯干冠状面的平衡。     

一期三柱截骨术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓异常的临床研究

目的:评价一期三柱截骨术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓异常患者的有效性及安全性。方法 :以2015年1月～2017年5月我院收治的62例先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓异常患者为研究对象,男32例,女30例,年龄4～35岁,平均15.3±8.3岁;46例具有神经症状。所有患者均行一期三柱截骨矫形术,术后随访12个月。记录手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症发生情况;在术前、术后3个月及末次随访时,采用脊柱裂神经量表(SBNS)对患者的估神经功能进行评估,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价疼痛程度,对患者进行全脊柱正侧位X线检查,测量冠状位Cobb角、矢状位后凸Cobb角、躯干偏移,计算矫正率及丢失率。结果:手术平均时间与术中平均出血量分别为565.3±140.8min、3570.6±1855.4ml;术后3个月平均冠状位Cobb角为41.7°±17.7°,平均矫正率为(62.5±13.8)%;平均矢状位后凸Cobb角为38.5°±11.2°,平均矫正率为(66.4±22.6)%;末次随访时平均冠状位Cobb角为43.7°±16.6°,平均丢失率为(1.9±1.1)%;平均矢状位后凸Cobb角为39.7°±11.3°,平均丢失率为(2.3±1.4)%;术后3个月及末次随访时的Cobb角、躯干偏移、SBNS评分及VAS疼痛评分均得到明显改善(P0.05);术前28例SBNS分级为Ⅱ级的患者恢复至Ⅰ级,9例SBNS分级为Ⅲ级的患者恢复至Ⅱ级;14例腰骶部疼痛患者、9例下肢肌力下降患者、8例大小便功能障碍患者及4例下肢细小患者得到改善;发生术后并发症8例,包括3例脑脊液漏、2例伤口感染及3例泌尿系感染。结论:一期三柱截骨术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓异常患者安全有效,且能促进神经功能的恢复。     

伴无症状性椎管内异常的先天性脊柱侧凸患儿半椎体切除术疗效及安全性评估

目的 :分析伴无症状性椎管内异常的先天性脊柱侧凸患儿行半椎体切除术的临床疗效,评估半椎体切除术治疗该类患儿的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月～2017年4月在我院行半椎体切除手术的先天性脊柱侧凸患儿的病例资料,共纳入36例(男15例,女21例),平均年龄6.6±2.7(2～9)岁。患儿术前全脊柱MRI发现椎管内脊髓拴系、脊髓纵裂及脊髓空洞,经详细的神经查体无神经系统异常。于术前、术后1周和末次随访时的站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量侧凸Cobb角、冠状面平衡(C7PL-CSVL)、后凸Cobb角和矢状面平衡(SVA)等参数;记录患儿术中、术后及随访过程中的并发症。结果:患儿侧凸Cobb角术前为37.7°±16.4°,术后1周为10.4°±9.2°,手术平均矫正率为(72.4±27.9)%,有统计学差异(P0.001);后凸Cobb角术前为20.3°±5.4°,术后1周为1.6°±3.4°,有统计学差异(P0.001)。术前、术后C7PL-CSVL分别为10.6±5.4mm、7.9±5.3mm,SVA分别为-6.4±19.8mm、1.2±14.1mm,无统计学差异(P0.05)。术后平均随访46.1±20.3(12～72)个月,末次随访时侧凸Cobb角、后凸Cobb角、C7PL-CSVL和SVA分别为11.3°±13.7°、3.1°±7.2°、9.1±4.8mm和8.7±22.4mm,无明显矫正丢失(P0.05)。1例患儿术中出现硬脊膜破裂、脑脊液漏,修补后愈合良好。1例患儿术后出现继发弯加重5°,3例患儿出现近端交界性后凸,均经过支具保守治疗后控制良好。所有患儿术后及随访中均未见神经系统相关并发症及内固定失败并发症。结论:无神经损害表现的伴椎管内异常的先天性脊柱侧凸患儿行半椎体切除术可以有效地矫正脊柱畸形,不明显增加术中及术后发生神经并发症的风险。     

后路截骨联合椎弓根内固定矫形治疗僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的探讨经后路截骨联合椎弓根内固定矫形治疗僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形疗效。方法对26例僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者进行后路截骨、椎弓根内固定矫形。8例行后路Ponte截骨,13例行椎弓根截骨术(PSO)联合Ponte截骨,5例行全椎体切除术(VCR)。比较患者术前、术后和末次随访时Cobb角的变化及C7中垂线与骶骨中垂线距离的变化。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~60个月。侧凸Cobb角:术前30°~135°(90.7°±30.6°),术后12°~30°(18°±5.6°),矫正率为82.5%,末次随访13°~32°(20°±5.8°),丢失4.3%;后凸Cobb角:术前20°~60°(40.6°±18.5°),术后10°~26°(16.8°±6.2°),矫正率为85%,末次随访13°~30°(20.5°±7.0°),丢失3.7%;C7中垂线与骶骨中垂线距离:术前3.8~6.5(5.1±1.3)cm,术后0.3~1.3(0.7±0.3)cm,末次随访0.4~1.7(0.8±0.3)cm。所有患者未发生神经损伤等并发症,仅1例患者术后3个月出现内固定松动,经延长固定节段后骨性融合。结论术前充分的评估,选择合适的后路截骨方式,联合椎弓根内固定矫形治疗僵硬性脊柱侧弯,能有效矫正畸形和恢复脊柱冠、矢状面平衡。     

Halo-股骨髁上牵引一期后路手术治疗先天性脊髓纵裂脊柱侧凸

[目的]探讨大重量halo-股骨髁上牵引辅助一期后路手术治疗伴脊髓纵裂的僵硬型先天性脊柱侧凸的安全性和临床疗效。[方法]回顾性研究2011～2016年本科收治的伴脊髓纵裂的僵硬型先天性脊柱侧凸患者18例,年龄10～24岁,平均(16.33±4.61)岁;主弯位于胸段9例,胸腰段2例,腰段7例;其中分节不良10例,形成障碍2例,混合型6例;合并I型脊髓纵裂4例,II型脊髓纵裂12例,复合型2例。术前主弯冠状面Cobb角60°～113°,平均(81.28±16.25)°;凸侧侧向弯曲位Cobb角44.50°～98.00°,平均(70.31±19.35)°;柔韧性5.85%～28.66%,平均15.81%;所有患者术前均未发现神经功能异常。均采用术前大重量halo-股骨髁上牵引辅助一期后路矫形手术。[结果]手术时间240～380 min,平均(327.78±44.10) min;术中出血量640～2 100 ml,平均(1 285.56±523.52) ml。随访12～36个月,平均(20.44±8.29)个月。大重量牵引后主弯冠状面Cobb角减少至35.60°～87.50°,平均(56.38±16.35)°;后路矫形术后主弯冠状面Cobb角减少至19.10°～56.20°,平均(35.92±13.74)°;侧凸矫正率为48.19%～69.40%,平均(60.24±9.04)%;末次随访时主弯冠状面Cobb角19.50°～57.10°,平均(36.36±13.42)°,与矫形术后相比无明显丢失。术中、术后及随访时均未出现神经功能损伤表现。[结论]大重量halo-股骨髁上牵引辅助一期后路手术治疗伴脊髓纵裂的僵硬型先天性脊柱侧凸,在不切除纵隔和脊柱缩短截骨的情况下,可获得较满意的矫形效果和安全性。     

The prevention of iatrogenic spinal cord injury utilizing the evoked spinal cord potential

Summary The evoked spinal cord potential elicited by direct stimulation of the cord has been used clinically to monitor cord function in the course of operations on the spine. The technique used allows measurement of a relatively large amplitude of potential, which is fairly stable against anaesthetics and related drugs, by means of a simple recording system and is sensitive enough to indicate cord damage. Continuous monitoring can easily be carried out. We have encountered no complications when using this method on 99 patients.

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Résumé Le potentiel évoqué provoqué par la stimulation directe de la moelle épinière a été utilisé en clinique pour contrôler la fonction de la moelle lors des interventions sur le rachis. Cette technique permet de mesurer une assez grande amplitude de potentiel, qui est relativement stable à l'égard des anesthésiques et d'autres drogues de même type, grâce à un système simple d'enregistrement; il est suffisamment sensible pour détecter des altérations de la moelle. Une surveillance continue peut aisément être effectuée. Aucun incident n'a été rencontré chez 99 malades lors de l'utilisation de cette méthode.

     

腹股沟疝与精索脂肪瘤

精索脂肪瘤是腹膜外脂肪经腹股沟内环突出形成的真性脂肪瘤.发生率一般在20%～30%.常由腹膜外脂肪从深环中脱出延续而造成,分叶状的后腹膜脂肪进入深环使其扩张,从而导致腹股沟疝与精索脂肪瘤的形成.BMI越高精索脂肪瘤越容易发生.同时也发现精索脂肪瘤在Ny-bus Type Ⅱ及Ⅲb型的患者存在更高的发生率,说明了精索脂肪瘤的发生与疝的类型有关系,疝越大越容易发生.精索脂肪瘤的术前诊断不易,其临床表现与腹股沟疝及其相似.超声检查是一种安全而有效的方法,对诊断腹股沟疝和脂肪瘤的确诊率高达92%.只要腹膜外脂肪组织疝入腹股沟管,在手术中尽可能的将脂肪瘤切除,并按腹股沟疝行修复手术.     

Role of hypoxia-induced VEGF in blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in chronic spinal cord injury

Chronic spinal cord lesions (CSCL) which result in irreversible neurologic deficits remain one of the most devastating clinical problems. Its pathophysiological mechanism has not been fully clarified. As a crucial factor in the outcomes following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is considered as an important pathogenic factor contributing to the neurologic impairment in SCI. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multirole element in the spinal cord vascular event. On one hand, VEGF administrations can result in rise of BSCB permeability in acute or sub-acute periods and even last for chronic process. On the other hand, VEGF is regarded to be correlated with angiogenesis, neurogenesis and improvement of locomotor ability. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a primary regulator of VEGF during hypoxic conditions. Therefore, hypoxia-mediated up-regulation of VEGF may play multiple roles in the BSCB disruption and react on functional restoration of CSCL. The purpose of this article is to further explore the relationship among HIF-1, hypoxia-mediated VEGF and BSCB dysfunction, and investigate the roles of these elements on CSCL.     

内皮素与脊髓损伤后血脊屏障损害的关系

目的：阐明内皮素（ＥＴ）与脊髓损伤（ＳＣＩ）后血脊屏障损害的关系,为临床治疗ＳＣＩ提供指导。方法：ＳＤ大鼠２４只,分为４组,即生理盐水组、ＥＴ－１组、损伤＋生理盐水组和损伤＋ＰＤ１４５０６５组。实验一：无损伤组分别于鞘内注射生理盐８水或ＥＴ－１。实验二：压迫法致伤脊髓（５０ｇ,１ｍｉｎ）,分别于伤前１０ｍｉｎ鞘内注射生理盐水或非选择性ＥＴ受体拮抗ＰＤ１４５０６５。伊文思兰（ＥＢ）定量法评价血脊屏障     

Experimental spinal cord injury: Lumbar vertebra resection to shorten the gap between spinal cord stumps

Summary Experimental spinal cord transection injuries followed by spinal cord destruction and gentle resection of the destructed cord tissue necessarily lead to a gap between both of the cord stumps. For any attempts to reconstruct the cord or to bridge this gap by transplantation it may be useful to narrow or close the gap. This can be done by vertebral resection.The technique of upper lumbar vertebra resection in cats and rabbits with and without spinal cord lesion is presented. The spine is shortened by approximately 20 mm by spondylectomy. This length exceeds the 10–14 mm long gap in the spinal cord which is created by a spinal cord crush injury using haemostatic forceps and the subsequent destruction zone resection which is performed seven days later. The upper lumbar vertebra is resected by the posterior approach and the spinal cord is sufficiently exposed to perform spinal cord reconstruction experiments.     

Effect of norepinephrine on spinal cord blood flow and parenchymal hemorrhage size in acute-phase experimental spinal cord injury

Purpose

In the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), ischemia and parenchymal hemorrhage are believed to worsen the primary lesions induced by mechanical trauma. To minimize ischemia, keeping the mean arterial blood pressure above 85 mmHg for at least 1 week is recommended, and norepinephrine is frequently administered to achieve this goal. However, no experimental study has assessed the effect of norepinephrine on spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and parenchymal hemorrhage size. We have assessed the effect of norepinephrine on SCBF and parenchymal hemorrhage size within the first hour after experimental SCI.

Methods

A total of 38 animals were included in four groups according to whether SCI was induced and norepinephrine injected. SCI was induced at level Th10 by dropping a 10-g weight from a height of 10 cm. Each experiment lasted 60 min. Norepinephrine was started 15 min after the trauma. SCBF was measured in the ischemic penumbra zone surrounding the trauma epicenter using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Hemorrhage size was measured repeatedly on parasagittal B-mode ultrasonography slices.

Results

SCI was associated with significant decreases in SCBF (P = 0.0002). Norepinephrine infusion did not significantly modify SCBF. Parenchymal hemorrhage size was significantly greater in the animals given norepinephrine (P = 0.0002).

Conclusion

In the rat, after a severe SCI at the Th10 level, injection of norepinephrine 15 min after SCI does not modify SCBF and increases the size of the parenchymal hemorrhage.     

Duplicated filum terminale in non-split cord malformations: An underrecognized cause for treatment failure in tethered cord syndrome

Context: Anatomical variations of the filum terminale (FT) have been described in association with split cord malformations (SCM) but they appear to be a rare finding in its absence. We report the first case in literature of a duplicated FT in a patient presenting with tethered cord syndrome (TCS) without any radiological evidence of SCM.

Findings: A 47-year-old man presented with invalidating back pain radiating to both legs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural dorsal lipoma in a low-lying conus. Intraoperatively two distinct fibrous bands were anatomically and electrophysiologically identified as the FT and both were sectioned. The diagnosis of FT was confirmed for both specimens by histology.

Conclusion: In absence of SCM, a duplicated FT has not been previously described as a cause of TCS. It may be a cause of treatment failure for TCS if unrecognized on preoperative imaging and during surgery if one filum remains intact. We highlight the importance of a meticulous cauda equina dissection supported by intraoperative nerve stimulation to identify this rare anomaly. We hypothesize that this entity may represent a variant of SCM involving the caudal neural tube but which requires further validation at an embryological level.     

Painful leg and moving toes syndrome in secondary tethered cord syndrome

Context: Painful leg and moving toes (PLMT) syndrome is a rare movement disorder where the patient has pain followed by movement disorder in one or both lower limbs. The exact etiology and pathogenesis is uncertain, however many cases have been related to lesions in peripheral nerve, spinal cord or radicals. Appearance of abnormal movement in PLMT soon after surgery has not, to our knowledge, been described.

Findings: We report a 40-year-old female patient who had secondary tethered cord syndrome. She had pain in left lower limb for 5 months prior to surgery. Immediately after surgery, she noticed abnormal movement in left foot. Surface electromyography suggested single motor unit discharges.

Conclusion/clinical relevance: In persons with unclear symptoms of painful leg and moving toes, PLMT syndrome should be in the differential diagnosis.     

胚胎脊髓移植与甲基强的松龙联合应用治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究

目的 :探讨胚胎脊髓移植 (FST)与大剂量甲基强的松龙 (MP)联合应用治疗脊髓损伤的效果。方法 :选用SD大鼠 5 0只 ,随机分为A、B、C、D、E 5组 ,前 4组行T12脊髓半切损伤后为治疗组。A组行大剂量MP与FST联合应用 ;B组行大剂量MP治疗 ;C组为FST治疗 ;D组为单纯半切损伤 ;E组为空白对照。治疗后 2 4h及 8周时行脊髓体感诱发电位检查 ,观察行为变化 ,并对各组损伤区脊髓横断面神经纤维数进行统计学分析。结果 :A组与B、C、D组之间脊髓体感诱发电位及损伤区神经纤维计数均存在明显差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,行为学无明显改变。结论 :大剂量甲基强的松龙与胚胎脊髓移植联合应用治疗脊髓损伤可起协同促进损伤脊髓修复的作用。