前循环破裂动脉瘤的手术时机

目的 探讨前循环破裂动脉瘤的手术适宜时机.方法 回顾性分析82例前循环破裂动脉瘤患者,按入院时Hunt-Hess分级分为低分级组(Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,n=64)和高分级组(Ⅳ～Ⅴ级,n=18);按手术时机分为早期手术组(≤3 d,n=45)、中期手术组(4～10 d,n=20)、晚期手术组(≥11 d,n=12),5例因再出血未能手术.用格拉斯哥转归量表(Glasgow Outcome Scale,GOS)评价转归.结果 在低分级患者中,早期手术组转归良好(GOS 4～5分)率显著高于中、晚期手术组(96.3%对75%,P=0.031),而术后主要并发症发生率显著低于中晚期手术组(22.2%对46.9%,P=0.049);中期手术组转归良好率显著高于晚期手术组(85.5%对41.7%,P=0.004),术后主要并发症发生率显著低于晚期手术组(30.0%对75.0%,P=0.027).高分级患者均为早期手术,其转归良好率为55.6%.结论 对不同分级的前循环破裂动脉瘤患者宜尽早手术.     

乙型肝炎肝硬化急性恶化患者慢加急性肝衰竭的发生情况及预后分析

目的研究乙型肝炎肝硬化急性恶化(AD)患者28 d发生慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)的情况以及90 d预后分析。方法选取2014年10月-2016年10月解放军总医院第五医学中心收治的670例乙型肝炎肝硬化AD患者,根据TBil、PTA分为A组(134例,51.3μmol/L TBil 171.1μmol/L且PTA 40%)、B组(393例,51.3μmol/L TBil 171.1μmol/L且40%≤PTA 60%)、C组(143例,TBil 171.1μmol/L且40%PTA 60%),研究患者的临床特征、28 d ACLF发生情况及其影响因素、90 d生存情况及其影响因素。正态分布计量资料多组间比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。非正态分布计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。多组间计数资料比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确法。组间累积发生率计算采用Kaplan-Meier分析,组间比较采用log-rank检验。分别采用Cox回归、logistic回归分析ACLF发生以及90 d生存的影响因素。结果 A、B、C三组间MELD评分以及Child-pugh评分差异显著(20.2±4.6 vs 14.7±3.6 vs 22.7±5.6,F=211.118,P 0.001; 10.6±0.8 vs 9.3±1.2vs 10.4±1.2,F=66.427,P 0.001),B组均低于A组和C组(P值均0.05)。69例(10.3%)患者在28 d内发生ACLF,A组19例(14.2%)、B组17例(4.3%)、C组33例(23.1%)。B组ACLF发生率低于A组(χ2=15.937,P 0.001)和C组(χ2=48.502,P 0.001)。各组发生ACLF的独立性影响因素,A组为AST(RR=1.033,P=0.030)、细菌感染(BIs)(RR=14.326,P=0.001)、血钠(Na)(RR=0.888,P=0.019)、AFP(RR=1.003,P 0.001),B组为男性(RR=0.201,P=0.035)、ALT(RR=0.996,P=0.006)、AST(RR=1.008,P 0.001)、GGT(RR=1.004,P=0.018)、PTA(RR=0.642,P 0.001)、TBil(RR=1.039,P=0.002)、BIs(RR=49.656,P 0.001)、HBV DNA(RR=2.206,P 0.001),C组为急性静脉曲张破裂出血(AVB)(RR=3.172,P=0.025)、BIs(RR=2.946,P=0.007)。79例(11.8%)患者在90 d内死亡,A组29例(21.6%),B组15例(3.8%),C组35例(24.5%),B组均低于A组(χ2=41.492,P 0.001)和C组(χ2=52.905,P 0.001)。三组发生ACLF患者90 d病死率均高于各自未发生ACLF患者(A组:χ2=4.151,P=0.042; B组:P=0.022; C组:χ2=16.968,P 0.001)。各组90 d生存的独立性影响因素,A组为肌酐(OR=1.075,P=0.007)、Na(OR=0.450,P 0.001); B组为AVB(OR=1378.999,P=0.026)、Na(OR=0.392,P=0.018); C组为AVB(OR=31.699,P=0.038)、Na(OR=0.841,P=0.023)、发生ACLF(OR=14.258,P=0.017)。结论乙型肝炎肝硬化AD患者可分为三型,高黄疸型(C组)、低凝血型(A组)更容易出现ACLF且预后更差。BIs是三类患者发生ACLF共同的影响因素。血Na水平是三类患者90 d预后共同的影响因素。     

ACEF评分对75岁以上急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者介入治疗预后的分析

目的探讨ACEF评分对年龄≥75岁急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接PCI短期临床获益的价值。方法连续收集2011年11月~2014年1月在阜外医院心内科住院的STEMI并行直接PCI患者104例,依据患者入院时ACEF评分分为低中危组18例,ACEF评分0.97~1.27(1.18±0.09)分,高危组86例,ACEF评分1.28~4.30(1.63±0.05)分。主要结局是30d全因病死率和1年全因病死率。单因素Cox回归模型分析低中危组和高危组与结局的相关性。通过ROC曲线评价ACEF评分系统预测30d及1年病死率。结果低中危组脑梗死、LVEF明显高于高危组[33.3%vs 8.1%,P=0.003;(64.8±6.3)%vs(50.8±8.6)%,P=0.001],年龄、身高、男性[(76.1±1.9)岁vs(78.3±3.6)岁,P=0.001;(1.6±0.1)mvs(1.7±0.1)m,P=0.048;38.9%vs67.4%,P=0.023]明显低于高危组。ACEF评分系统预测30d病死率和1年病死率的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.669和0.680。单因素Cox回归分析显示,高危组30d和1年死亡风险与低中危组无显著差异(HR=1.251,95%CI:0.151~10.387,P=0.430;HR=0.836,95%CI:0.177~3.935,P=0.820)。结论基于临床变量的ACEF评分对于在这一特定人群中缺乏进一步危险分层和评价预后的能力。     

乌司他丁佐治成人重症肺炎并对炎性因子与细胞免疫功能的影响

目的观察并探讨乌司他丁注射液(UTI)辅助治疗成人社区获得性重症肺炎(SP)中的效果及对外周血炎性因子与T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法将2012年7月~2014年12月间入选的105例SP患者随机分为观察组(55例)和对照组(50例),对照组患者予机械通气、抗感染、抗凝、维持酸碱平衡等常规治疗,观察组通过微量泵加用UTI注射液,每次20万IU,每日2次,连用7 d,治疗7 d后,采集动脉血进行血气分析,采外周静脉血测定炎性因子与T淋巴细胞亚群构成,判定两组临床疗效。结果治疗7 d后,观察组氧合指数(297.5±27.4)显著高于对照组(274.7±23.8)(u=4.562 P0.001);两组疗效构成差异显著(Z=-1.987 P=0.047),观察组总体有效率(89.1%)与显效率(49.7%)均高于对照组(82.0%、30.0%),显效率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.977 P=0.046)。观察组治疗7d后外周血TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组治疗7d后CD_3~+%、CD_4~+%、CD_4~+/CD_8~+数值均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组、对照组病死率(5.5%vs.10.0%)差异无统计学意义(fisher P=0.474)。观察组呼吸机辅助通气时间(8.7±2.3)d、住院时间(13.2±3.1)d,均显著低于对照组时间(10.1±2.8)d、(16.0±3.9)d,差异均有统计学意义(u=2.703 P=0.008;u=3.938 P0.001)。结论 SP患者早期应用UTI注射液能显著下调体内炎性反应水平,纠正细胞免疫功能紊乱,能进一步提高临床疗效,有助于降低病死率。     

外科手术治疗颈淋巴结核的临床疗效探讨

目的探讨外科手术在颈淋巴结核临床治疗中的效果及应用情况。方法选择110例于2020年1月至2022年12月在湖南省胸科医院结核外科进行治疗的患者, 均确诊为颈淋巴结核。根据患者意愿分为2组:药物治疗组患者60例, 予以常规药物治疗;手术组患者50例, 予以外科手术治疗。对比、分析和统计2组的临床效果、复发率、并发症、生活质量以及满意度等情况。结果临床总有效率手术组高于药物治疗组(94.00%和70.00%, χ2=10.170, P=0.001), 60岁以下患者手术组疗效优于药物治疗组(64.29%和40.00%, χ2=-6.996, P=0.035), 60岁及以上患者手术与药物治疗效果无差异(54.55%和40.00%, Z=3.842, P=0.146);复发率方面手术组低于药物治疗组(8.00%和46.67%, χ2=19.767, P<0.001);并发症总发生率手术组低于药物治疗组(8.00%和21.67%, χ2=3.899, P=0.048);生活质量手术组各项评分均高于药物治疗组[躯体功能:(64.02±4.49)分和(76.11±4.47)分, t=14....     

不同指南诊断标准对人工肝治疗慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期预后的影响

目的 探讨不同诊断标准对慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期预后的影响。方法 纳入2018年1月—2022年1月昆明医科大学第二附属医院消化内科住院的115例慢加急性肝衰竭患者,均采用内科联合人工肝治疗。根据指南将患者分为CMA指南组(中华医学会肝衰竭诊治指南)(n=100)、APASL指南组(亚太肝病学会共识)(n=94)和EASL指南组(欧洲肝病学会标准)(n=36),随访末次人工肝治疗后90 d生存情况。计量资料组间比较采用单因素方差分析,计数资料组间比较采用χ²检验。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)比较上述3个指南90 d病死率的差异以及对死亡风险的预测价值。结果 CMA指南组90 d病死率为50.0%,APASL指南组51.1%,EASL指南组77.8%,EASL指南组90 d病死率显著高于CMA指南组(χ²=8.351,P=0.004)和APASL指南组(χ²=7.650,P=0.006);EASL指南对短期死亡风险预测的敏感度为22.2%,特异度为92.3%,对应的曲线下面积为0.576。结论 符合EASL指南的慢加...     

慢加急性肝衰竭患者血清中乳酸脱氢酶的临床意义

目的研究慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的变化特点及其临床意义。方法比较我院37例ACLF患者病程早、中、晚期血清中LDH的变化;并比较存活组与死亡组血清LDH水平的差异;分析患者血清LDH与总胆红素、凝血酶原时间、全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)发生率、终末期肝病(MELD)评分及病死率的相关性。结果血清LDH值在ACLF早、中、晚期逐渐升高(F=10.93,P0.001);ALT/LDH值逐渐降低(F=21.09,P0.001);死亡组LDH(365.0 u/L±237.6 u/L)显著高于存活组(209.6 u/L±71.7 u/L)(t=4.88,P0.001);LDH升高程度与凝血酶原时间、MELD评分、SIRS发生率、病死率具有相关性(r值分别为0.63、0.856、0.97、0.96;P值分别为0.001、0.001、0.02、0.035)。结论LDH在ACLF早、中、晚期逐渐升高;LDH升高提示ACLF预后不良。     

急性心肌梗死继发室间隔穿孔的临床结局与相关因素分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)后发生室间隔穿孔(PI-VSR)患者的临床资料,探讨PI-VSR 60 d内的临床结局及相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2003年10月1日-2021年2月28日收治于大连医科大学附属第一医院52例PI-VSR患者的临床资料,其中男性24例(46.15%),年龄(73.83±8.92)岁,AMI后至VSR发生的时间为(2.29±1.88) d,穿孔大小(8.58±4.25) mm。其中4例患者行外科修补,8例行介入封堵术。结果:PI-VSR后随访60 d,共有38例患者死亡,病死率为73.08%。与生存组相比,死亡组女性比例较高(65.79%∶28.57%,P=0.017)、年龄较大[(76.13±8.61)岁∶(67.57±6.61)岁,P=0.001]、行外科修补或介入封堵术比例少(18.42%∶50%,P=0.005)、室间隔缺损直径较大[(10.3±3.92) mm∶(6.82±2.14) mm,P=0.009]、B型利钠肽(BNP)较高[(2402.2±1679.23) pg/mL∶(1146.79±789.07) pg/mL,P=0.018]。室间隔缺损直径是PI-VSR死亡的独立预测因素(OR=1.727,P=0.013)。手术修复组冠状动脉开通率(58.33%∶25%,P=0.031)和生存率(58.33%∶17.5%,P=0.005)均高于未手术组。对8例行介入封堵治疗的患者进行分析,所有患者均成功封堵,其中3例患者在手术成功后15 d内死亡,死因分别为感染、溶血和肾功能衰竭;介入封堵后死亡组室间隔缺损直径显著大于生存组[(10.67±3.06) mm∶(5.4±1.52) mm,P=0.015],BNP[(1654.86±403.82) pg/mL∶(416.99±150.89) pg/mL,P=0.001]、总胆固醇[TC:(4.8±0.62) mmol/L∶(3.64±0.44) mmol/L,P=0.02]和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[LDL-C:(2.86±0.48) mmol/L∶(1.97±0.43) mmol/L,P=0.035]显著高于生存组。结论:VSR为AMI的严重机械并发症,女性、高龄、未行修复术、室间隔缺损直径大、心功能恶化是死亡率增加的危险因素。     

奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑对急性胰腺炎患者胃肠激素及肠道黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探讨奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)患者胃肠激素及肠道黏膜屏障功能的影响.方法选择2016-07/2017-06宁夏回族自治区固原市人民医院收治的AP患者124例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各62例.在常规治疗基础上,对照组同时给予奥美拉唑钠治疗,观察组同时给予奥曲肽奥美拉唑治疗.治疗2周后,比较两组患者临床疗效、临床症状、胃肠激素、肠道黏膜屏障功能、不良反应等指标.结果观察组有效率90.32%(59/62)明显高于对照组80.65%(50/62)(χ~2=6.143,P0.05);发热、腹痛、恶心呕吐、腹胀、腹部压痛等临床症状及体征消失时间均明显短于对照组(2.12 d±0.55 d vs 4.56 d±0.72 d,1.75 d±0.42 d vs 4.34 d±0.70 d,2.23 d±0.56d vs 4.65 d±0.74 d,2.54 d±0.60 d vs 4.12 d±0.76 d,2.12 d±0.53 d vs 4.24 d±0.75 d)(t=21.205,24.982,20.533,20.185,18.177,P0.01);血清胃动素含量明显高于对照组,胃泌素、血管活性肽含量明显低于对照组[(318.36 pg/mL±30.24 pg/mL vs 256.45 pg/mL±34.23 pg/mL),(14.12μmol/L±16.25μmol/L vs 130.24μmol/L±16.45μmol/L),(58.12 pg/mL±7.25 pg/mL vs64.36 pg/m L±8.12 pg/m L)](t=10.673,5.489,4.514,P0.05,P0.01);血清内毒素、D-乳酸二胺氧化酶、淀粉酶等含量明显低于对照组[(53.12 ng/L±7.25ng/L vs 64.20 ng/L±7.36 ng/L),(4.45μg/L±0.78μg/L vs 6.42μg/L±0.86μg/L),(6.47 U/L±1.12 U/L vs 9.10U/L±1.26 U/L),(124.36 U/L±24.35 U/L vs 160.21U/L±26.54 U/L)](t=8.445,13.360,12.284,7.818,P0.05,P0.01);不良反应8.06%(5/62)明显低于对照组24.19%(15/62)(χ~2=5.962,P0.05).结论奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑有助于改善AP患者临床症状,提高临床疗效,减少不良反应发生,可能与调节胃肠激素、改善肠道黏膜屏障功能等因素有关.     

缬沙坦对压力负荷心肌肥大钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)通路的作用

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体(AngⅡ,AT1及AT2)拮抗剂对致心肌肥厚的钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)信号通路的影响.方法腹主动脉缩窄法建立大鼠压力负荷模型,实验动物分为手术组(n=8);缬沙坦组(n=8)手术组+缬沙坦(1 mg/kg·d);PD123319(AT2R受体拮抗剂)组(n=8)手术组+PD123319(30 mg/kg·d);假手术组(n=8).放射免疫法检测血浆、心肌AngⅡ浓度,免疫沉淀法检测心肌钙蛋白酶(u-calpain,m-calpain)及CaN蛋白表达及其磷酸化.结果缬沙坦组血浆AngⅡ浓度显著高于假手术组及PD123319组(P＜0.05),缬沙坦组心肌AngⅡ浓度则低于假手术照组及PD123319组(P＜0.05).手术组u-calpain蛋白表达显著高于假手术组(P＜0.01),缬沙坦组显著低于手术组及PD123319组(P＜0.05),手术组与PD123319组间差异没有显著性(P＞0.05).手术组CaN磷酸化显著高于假手术组(P＜0.01),缬沙坦组显著低于手术组及PD123319组(P＜0.05),手术组与PD123319组间差异没有显著性(P＞0.05).结论u-calpain参与激活高压力负荷下心肌组织CaN通路,u-calpain的上调通过AT1起作用,AT1受体拮抗剂的心脏保护作用与其抑制了m-calpain有关.     

Therapy with budesonide in patients with refractory sprue

INTRODUCTION: Refractory sprue (RS) is a rare malabsorption syndrome, which often requires long-term corticosteroid treatment. Locally acting budesonide could replace systemic corticosteroid therapy and reduce toxicity in patients with RS. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of budesonide in patients with RS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical and histological data from patients with RS who received budesonide were analyzed. RS was defined as villous atrophy and malabsorption in spite of a strict gluten-free diet persisting for >6 months or requiring earlier therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: We identified 9 patients (1 with autoimmune enteropathy, 4 with RS type I without and 3 with RS type II with signs of early T cell lymphoma and 1 with CD4-positive sprue-like intestinal T cell lymphoma), who received 9 mg/day of budesonide (range 6-12) for 24 months (1-60), and 7 of whom had an initial treatment with 40 mg/day of prednisolone (30-60) for 4 months (1-144). The initial body mass index was 18 (13.1-22.8) and increased similarly under prednisolone [21.5 (14.9-26.7), p < 0.05] and budesonide therapy [21 (18-27.2), p < 0.05]. The stool frequency per day also decreased similarly from 6 (2-8) to 2 (1-3) and 2 (1-5), each p < 0.05, under prednisolone and budesonide therapy, respectively. Two patients with RS type II did not respond and 7, including all 4 with RS type I, were clinically stable with budesonide therapy. Skin fragility in 1 patient was the only adverse effect of budesonide therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Budesonide may be an effective treatment option in patients with RS type I, which can stabilize the clinical condition similar to prednisolone.     

Gammagraphy with sucralfate labelled with technetium in esophagitis

In previous studies it has been reported that, after being labeled with technetium, sucralfate, an useful drug in peptic diseases, can be used to detect peptic lesions of the digestive tract. In this work we report our experience with this technique in the diagnosis of esophagitis. 25 studies (11 controls and 14 patients) were undertaken. Sucralfate scintigraphy was normal in the 11 control studies, and abnormal in 10 out of 14 patients. Scintigraphy was abnormal in peptic as well as caustic lesions.     

Mental disorders in patients with obesity in comparison with healthy probands

OBJECTIVE: Findings concerning the association of obesity and mental disorders are inconsistent. The present epidemiological study investigates adjusted 4-week, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders in obese individuals compared with physically healthy probands and overweight individuals. Correlates of the associations are examined. METHODS: Prevalence rates were calculated from two large epidemiological surveys from both the general population of Germany and inpatient centers. The surveys investigated subjects with obesity (n=910) and overweight (n=1550), as well as physically healthy probands (n=495). The prevalence rates were based on the Munich-composite international diagnostic interview, a standardized interview for the assessment of mental disorders. Correlates of mental disorders in obese individuals were assessed using self-report questionnaires and medical examinations. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of obese inpatients and obese patients from the general population were significantly elevated in comparison with healthy probands for the 4-week (OR: 2.2; 2.3), 12-month (OR: 1.8; 2.7) and lifetime (OR: 1.4; 2.0) periods. Prevalence rates of overweight individuals were below those of obese individuals. Mood, anxiety and somatoform disorders were most frequent. In particular, sex, marital status and comorbid musculoskeletal diseases proved to be correlates of an increased risk for mental disorders in obese individuals. The presence of comorbid mental disorders was associated with significantly increased health care use and lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong relationship between obesity and mental disorders. A future task is to improve care of mental disorders in patients with obesity.     

Changes in coagulation parameters with exercise in patients with classic hemophilia

Vigorous exercise is known to increase VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag levels transiently in normal individuals. Although exercise programs are frequently advocated in the management of hemophilia, the effects of exercise on coagulation parameters in these patients have not been well studied. Eleven hemophiliacs were exercised on a bicycle ergometer to maximum voluntary effort as evidenced by an increase in pulse, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamine (norepinephrine and epinephrine) levels. The effects of this exercise on coagulation parameters, including functional and antigenic components of the factor VIII molecule, were determined. The entire group demonstrated a decrease in mean prothrombin time (11.7 to 11.2 sec). Four mild hemophiliacs demonstrated an increase in mean VIII:C (14.5% to 17.3%), and VIII:CAg (12% to 17.8%). Changes in VIII:C and VIII:CAg were not noted in the seven severe hemophiliacs. Both severe and mild patients demonstrated significant changes in fibrinogen, factor II, and factor VII after exercise. This study indicates that submaximal exercise modifies coagulation parameters in patients with hemophilia.     

Metabolic remission with octreotide in patients with insulinoma

Abstract. Objectives . The efficacy of octreotide was studied in a group of patients with biochemical evidence of insulinoma. Design . A phase-II study Setting . A university department of internal medicine. Subjects . Seven patients with biochemical evidence of insulinoma and without metastatic lesions. Intervention . Daily treatment with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, mainly within the dosage of 100–300 μg day^-1. The treatment was continued in patients with biochemical evidence of response or until surgery was undertaken. Main outcome . Five patients avoided hypoglycaemic symptoms and had normalization of blood glucose values for a median of 15+ months (range 0.2–54 months). Two did not improve metabolically. The treatment was well tolerated and had no deleterious effects on blood glucose regulation. Conclusion . Octreotide seems to be a promising treatment for many of the patients with insulinoma who are not suitable for surgery.     

Polymyositis-like syndrome with rhabdomyolysis in association with brucellosis

Diffuse myositis with progression to rhabdomyolysis has been reported in association with wide range of viral infections. We report a case of polymyositis-like syndrome complicated by rhabdomyolysis secondary to brucellosis. This case report thus contributes yet another atypical presentation to a disease already infamous for its protean manifestations.