多元光学蛋白质芯片

蛋白质芯片技术是一种新型蛋白质分析技术，具有集成、并行、快速和自动化分析的优势。多元光学蛋白质芯片传感器，仅需微量生理或生物采样，即可以同时检测、识别和纯化不同的生物分子和研究分子间的相互作用。无需标记，可以直接测量像血浆、细胞裂解液等生理样品。中国科学院力学研究所研究员靳刚领导的纳米生物研究小组在原有工作基础上又在芯片表面改性、芯片在生物医学应用等方面取得了一系列重要进展。     

蛋白质芯片技术标准化平台的建立

近年来SELDI-TOF-MS被广泛应用于疾病标志物的筛选。并正在成为可能为进一步差异或动态蛋白质组研究提供可靠线索的重要工具。它具有快速、简单、敏感、样本用量极少等优点,尤其适合从大量样本中直接筛选差异蛋白。但由于SELDI技术本身具有较强的操作依赖性,因此建立一个标准化的检测程序是至关重要的。本文采用不同种类的蛋白芯片对血清样本存储时间、冻融次数、芯片和基质的类型,激光强度和平行性等指标进行检测和分析,建立一套能提供最多差异指标的规范化标准程序。上述结果为建立和完善SEL-DI蛋白芯片技术的检测规程奠定理论基础,并提供有重要价值的实验数据。     

新型蛋白质结构分析手段——氢氘交换质谱技术进展

氢氘交换质谱法是一种研究蛋白质空间构象的质谱技术。它在蛋白质结构及动态变化研究、蛋白质相互作用位点发现、蛋白表位及活性位点鉴定方面有着广泛的应用。随着氢氘交换质谱技术的不断发展,它正在成为结构生物学家及生物药物研发的重要手段。     

烹饪过程中丙烯酰胺的测试、形成影响因素及其控制方法

丙烯酰胺是高温加工食品中产生的一种可能致癌物,对人们的健康会产生潜在影响.本文介绍了从2002年首次在油炸烧烤类食品中发现丙烯酰胺以来,国内和国外学者检测食品中丙烯酰胺含量的各种检测方法,诸如GC-MS和LC-MS等.阐述了丙烯酰胺的形成机制.说明了采用某些添加剂对生成丙烯酰胺的抑制作用.为食品科学工作者提供相关技术信息.     

光学蛋白质芯片技术及其应用

本文介绍一种新型光学蛋白质芯片技术和在生物医学领域的应用。通过固体基底表面的微格式化,表面改性和生物配基固定等技术,制备多元生物活性感应表面;利用生物分子操作,蛋白质的特异结合性和高分辨率的生物光学椭偏显策成像技术,达到识别,检测和纯化蛋白的目的,它是一种非标记的多元蛋白质定量分析方法,并且能够对蛋白质之间的相互作用过程进行实时测量,获得反应速率及反应条件等生物分子反应的动力学参数。     

聚丙烯酰胺的红外光谱分析

用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对某尿不湿生产厂家提供的聚丙烯酰胺样品进行了结构分析,发现在所提供的聚丙烯酰胺样品中,有7个是聚丙烯酰胺的真品,有2个是聚丙烯酰胺的伪品。结论,傅里叶变换红外光谱可以直观、快速、准确地鉴别聚丙烯酰胺。     

蛋白质分子量测定方法比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 ,高效凝胶过滤色谱以及电喷雾离子化质谱三种方法对新发现的一种蛋白质的分子量进行了测定。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳非还原电泳测得的分子量为 2 6 .2kDa ,还原电泳测得的分子量为2 9kDa,高效凝胶过滤色谱测得的分子量为 2 4.5kDa ,电喷雾离子化质谱测得的分子量为 30 2 98Da。对以上三种方法的优缺点进行了分析比较。     

晋城市糯玉米优质高产栽培技术

糯玉米是起源于我国的一种特用型玉米,含有人体必须摄取的营养成分,如蛋白质、赖氨酸、维生素和植物素类物质等,适量食用具有防病、保健的作用,很受消费者青睐,市场前景广阔.     

SiLAD:一种蛋白质组学动态分析的新技术

随着蛋白质组学的产生和发展,对蛋白质组表达水平的差异和变化进行体内的和动态的分析已势所必然地成为蛋白质组学研究的发展趋势。但是传统差异蛋白质组学方法只能提供细胞或组织内各种蛋白累积总量的信息,而不是真正意义上的蛋白质差异表达分析。 SiLAD(~(35)S in vivo Labeling Analysis for Dynamic Proteomics)技术正是基于这种需求而在本实验室创立的。SiLAD技术由于其在差异检出的灵敏度和时间分辨率方面的明显优势,以及除提供蛋白质组表达动态以外,可以提供蛋白质代谢等相关动态变化的更多信息,所以可适用于对多种生物过程进行的动态蛋白质组学研究。本文对SiLAD技术的原理及特点进行简要综述。     

在动态涂层毛细管等电聚焦中通过控制电渗流提高分辨率

和传统的凝胶技术相比,毛细管等电聚焦(CIEF)是一种蛋白质的快速分离技术.它可以分离等电点相差0.004的蛋白质.但是其较差的重现性和分辨率限制了CIEF的广泛应用,尤其是在高pI值范围内的广泛应用.然而,采用动态涂层的ClEF可以明显改善这些现象.     

One-step preparation of hybrid materials of polyacrylamide networks and gold nanoparticles

Hybrid materials of polyacrylamide networks and gold nanoparticles were prepared by directly heating an aqueous solution containing HAuCl(4), acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebis-acrylamide, and sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)). Acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebis-acrylamide, and Na(2)SO(3) were used as monomers, crosslinking agent, and initiator, respectively. In the process of polyacrylamide network synthesis, HAuCl(4) was reduced by acrylamide and Na(2)SO(3) into gold nanoparticles and adsorbed on the produced polyacrylamide networks. Transmission electron microscopy proved that the size of gold nanoparticles was in the range of 3-10 nm. Atomic force microscopy showed that the gold nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed into the polyacrylamide networks matrix. The hybrid materials as absorbents may be useful in healthcare, communication technology, building industry, chromatography, water purification, and agriculture.     

人体尿液中曲马多及其代谢产物的GC／MS分析研究

〕本文应用ＧＣ／ＭＳ（ＥＩ,ＰＣＩ）方法,对人尿中曲马多及其代谢物进行分析研究。鉴定了曲马多在体内的主要代谢物为Ｎ－去甲基曲马多、Ｏ－去甲基曲马多和羟化曲马多,并比较了提取直接进样、衍生化及水解方法,表明提取直接进样是检测曲马多快速且灵敏的方法     

Peptide mapping of proteins in human body fluids using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Human body fluids have been rediscovered in the post-genomic era as great sources of biological markers and perhaps particularly as sources of potential protein biomarkers of disease. Analytical tools that allow rapid screening, low sample consumption, and accurate protein identification are of great importance in studies of complex biological samples and clinical diagnosis. Mass spectrometry is today one of the most important analytical tools with applications in a wide variety of fields. One of the fastest growing applications is in proteomics, or the study of protein expression in an organism. Mass spectrometry has been used to find post-translational modifications and to identify key functions of proteins in the human body. In this study, we review the use of human body fluids as sources for clinical markers and present new data that show the ability of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) to identify and characterize proteins in four human body fluids: plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine. The body fluids were tryptically digested without any prior separation, purification, or selection, and the digest was introduced into a 9.4 T FTICR mass spectrometer by direct-infusion electrospray ionization (ESI). Even though these samples represent complex biological mixtures, the described method provides information that is comparable with traditional 2D-PAGE data. The sample consumption is extremely low, a few microliters, and the analysis time is only a few minutes. It is, however, evident that the separation of proteins and/or peptides must be included in the methodology, in order to detect low-abundance proteins and other proteins of biological relevance.     

Biomonitoring of endosulfan toxicity in human

Chemicals are comprehensively used worldwide to control herbs, weeds, pests, and other competing agents with various growing crops. The consumption of crops grown with these chemicals (even in small quantities) can upshot into accumulation in the human body. People can accidentally inhale these hazardous chemicals if they are in an area where they were applied. These chemicals can be ingested in a human with contaminated food and drinks. Ultimately it causes various adverse effects (chronic toxicity, teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic effect, reproductive, and organ toxicity) on human health. Among the pool of these chemicals used as pesticides in the environment, exposure of endosulfan to humans has a potential health risk throughout the globe. The poisoning of endosulfan is reported frequently in society, therefore, this article highlights the toxicological and other harmful properties of endosulfan to humans and emphasized its essential biomonitoring. Its quick monitoring and effective hazard evaluation are possible with multi-omics technologies and some other analytical approaches. This review summarizes the introduction and mechanism of action of endosulfan along with some other toxic chemicals used in the agriculture work, the toxicity of endosulfan in human/environment, and importantly its biomonitoring (detection of chemicals and their metabolites in a biological sample) in human because biomonitoring is often considered as the most preferred method. Biomonitoring could be easily done in human samples (blood, hair, milk, and urine) with a multi-omics approach, which is a quick, reliable, and state-of-the-art technique.     

Current analytical methods for the detection of dityrosine, a biomarker of oxidative stress, in biological samples

Dityrosine is a fluorescent molecule formed as a result of normal posttranslational processing. In many structural proteins, dityrosine confers resistance to proteolysis and physicochemical trauma as a stabilizing crosslink. Dityrosine has also been found in oxidative/nitrative stress under a variety of conditions and biological systems. In this regard, it has been used as an important biomarker for oxidatively modified proteins during UV and gamma-irradiation, aging, and exposure to oxygen free radicals, nitrogen dioxide, peroxynitrite, and lipid hydroperoxides. Renewed interest in dityrosine and other tyrosine oxidation products as clinical indicators of oxidative modification has driven the development of important techniques for the specific analysis and quantification of these molecules. The presence of elevated levels of dityrosine in mammalian tissue and urine samples has been measured by chromatographic separation followed by mass spectrometry GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. Increases in dityrosine levels have been associated with pathologies such as eye cataracts, atherosclerosis, acute inflammation, and Alzheimer's disease. The continued development of, and increased accessibility to, improved mass spectrometric instrumentation will expand the capability, feasibility, and sensitivity with which specific biomarkers like dityrosine can be measured.     

由质谱分析数据建立肝癌病人与健康人血清的分类模型

通过对质谱数据处理和分析,建立肝细胞癌（HCC）病人与健康人的分类模型,可以用来判别样本是否来源于肝癌病人。运用表面加强激光解析电离-飞行时间质谱（SELDI-TOF-MS）获取肝癌病人和健康人血清蛋白指纹图谱数据,并运用偏最小二乘（PLS）变量筛选法建立分类模型,最终得到分类模型的交叉检验相关系数达0.96以上,判别准确率大大提高。同时对模型进行分析,找出对肝癌病人和健康人的差异有重要影响的因素或变量。这些变量为30个质荷比区间内特定蛋白的峰强度值,反映这些质荷比区间内蛋白量的增加或减少与肝癌的形成有密切关系,可作为重要的生物标志物进一步加以研究。并且采用所得模型的拟合值等一些信息做分类图,能较好地表达回归模型的分类效果。     

人尿中形态砷的高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法联用分析

采用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HPLC-HG-AFS)测定了人尿中4种砷化物[As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、MMA和DMA],考察了各种砷化物分离的条件。该方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、准确度高、节省时间等特点,可以对尿液样品中各形态砷进行准确的定量分析。     

人尿中克罗帕米的GC/MSD检测方法研究

建立了人尿中克罗帕米的GC/MSD的检测方法 ,发现了三种甲基化产物。比较了不同的提取方法 ,碱性提取收率可达 94 5 %。研究了克罗帕米在人尿中的排泄情况     

Mathematical classification of tight junction protein images

We present the rationale for the development of mathematical features used for classification of images stained for selected tight junction proteins. The project examined localization of zonula occludens‐1, claudin‐1 and F‐actin in a model epithelium, Madin–Darby canine kidney II cells. Cytochalasin D exposure was used to perturb junctional localization by actin cytoskeleton disruption. Mathematical features were extracted from images to reliably reveal characteristic information of the pattern of protein localization. Features, such as neighbourhood standard deviation, gradient of pixel intensity measurement and conditional probability, provided meaningful information to classify complex image sets. The newly developed mathematical features were used as input to train a neural network that provided a robust method of individual image classification. The ability for researchers to make determinations concerning image classification while minimizing human bias is an important advancement for the field of tight junction cellular biology.