RELAP5再淹没临界后传热模型不确定性研究

在大破口失水事故最佳估算加不确定性分析中,再淹没临界后传热模型的不确定性评价研究十分关键。本文针对RELAP5再淹没临界后传热模型展开研究,选取Weisman在0.1~0.4 MPa条件下进行的圆管过渡沸腾试验数据对再淹没过渡沸腾关系式进行评价,选取爱达荷国家实验室（INEL）低压下的圆管膜态沸腾试验数据对再淹没膜态沸腾关系式进行评价,给出其概率分布类型和范围,为进行大破口失水事故不确定性分析打下基础。     

RELAP5/MOD3.2与MOD3.3临界流模型对比及分析

热工水力程序RELAP5/MOD3具有比较广泛的应用,文章基于RELAP5/MOD3.2与RELAP5/MOD3.3两个程序版本,对某反应堆冷段3.5in小破口失水事故进行计算分析,初步探讨不同临界流模型对计算结果的影响,相关结果可为分析类似小破口失水事故提供一定的参考。     

RELAP5/MOD3.3程序对非能动核电厂小破口失水事故的适用性研究

AP1000核电厂采用非能动堆芯冷却系统来缓解小破口失水事故(SBLOCA),缓解事故的理念是流动冷却。RELAP5/MOD3.3程序适用于传统核电厂SBLOCA研究,对于非能动电厂SBLOCA研究的适用性需重新研究与评估。本工作基于非能动电厂小破口失水事故的分析,结合RELAP5/MOD3.3的结构与模型,对其进行评估和改进。为验证改进后的RELAP5/MOD3.3的适用性,以AP1000小破口失水事故的验证试验台架APEX-1000为模拟对象,分析模拟DBA-02、NRC-05事故工况。分析结果表明,改进后的RELAP5/MOD3.3的计算结果与试验数据符合较好。     

压水堆大破口失水事故重要现象识别及数值计算不确定性量化分析研究

大破口失水事故是压水堆核电厂最重要的设计基准事故,对该事故的准确模拟可为提升反应堆功率提供重要支撑。本文采用最佳估算程序RELAP5对压水堆失水事故试验（LOFT）的实验工况FP-LP-2进行了模拟计算,并应用德国反应堆安全研究所（GRS）不确定性分析方法对计算结果进行不确定性量化和敏感性分析;给出了关键输出参数95%置信度的不确定性包络带,并分析了计算结果的不确定性变化趋势及原因。分析结果表明,对包壳峰值温度影响较大的重要现象包括堆芯衰变热、完整环路破口临界流喷放系数和燃料棒的热导率。本文研究确认了GRS方法的有效性,为改进现有核电站安全分析方法具有积极作用。      

高通量工程试验堆RELAP5建模与试验评价

出口母管破口失水事故(LOCA)是高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)安全评价的重要始发事件之一,本文基于RELAP5程序,建立了HFETR的数值计算模型,模拟了HFETR的LOCA试验工况;通过手动全开HFETR除气系统DN50阀模拟出口母管失水试验,获得了反应堆进出口压力、容补器压力和破口流量的变化,并通过试验数据验证了RELAP5程序的计算结果合理性,结果表明:RELAP5计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,最大相对误差为7.4%,说明利用RELAP5程序模拟低温中压压水型研究堆的系统瞬变可行。     

用RELAP5分析RD-14装置的破口实验

用RELAP5 /MOD3 .2程序模拟了在RD 1 4实验装置上进行的两个CANDU反应堆临界破口实验。对破口出现以后 ,冷却剂系统压力、堆芯压降和元件包壳温度的变化趋势进行了研究 ,计算结果和实验数据符合较好 ,表明用RELAP5程序模拟CANDU反应堆在LOCA事故后系统瞬变是可行的     

超临界水冷堆系统分析程序开发

详细介绍了自主开发的超临界水堆(SCWR)安全分析程序SCTRAN的数学模型、辅助方程及计算流程。运用圆管内超临界水的喷放实验数据和西屋公司SCWR大破口失水事故(LOCA)数据对SCTRAN程序的有效性进行验证。验证结果表明,SCTRAN计算结果与程序APROS基本一致,对西屋公司SCWR非能动冷却剂系统的事故分析结果同RELAP5-3D程序的结果基本一致,计算结果可靠性较高,具备对SCWR进行事故分析的能力。     

最佳估算加不确定性分析方法在我国核安全审评中的应用

目前核电厂安全分析用计算机程序多是基于保守方法开发的,给核电厂的设计和分析带来了过量裕度,增加了核电厂优化和改进的难度,使用最佳估算加不确定性分析方法可以减少或消除这些不必要的限制。在AP1000和CAP1400的审评过程中,国家核安全局采用最佳估算加不确定性方法对大破口失水事故进行了审查。本文介绍了四种最佳估算加不确定性分析方法,对不确定性的来源和不确定性统计方法进行了论述。基于ASTRUM方法,利用RELAP5程序对AP1000核电厂大破口失水事故进行了独立审核计算,经59组抽样计算后,最大的燃料包壳温度值为1070℃,满足验收准则要求。     

COSINE程序再淹没模型验证及参数敏感性分析

再淹没是压水堆大破口失水事故后的重要阶段,为评估系统程序在该阶段的计算能力,需要选择多种传热模型对失水事故进行复现并分析参数的敏感性响应。本文对压水堆失水事故实验（LOFT）台架进行建模,将COSINE程序中不同传热模型的计算结果与实验数据比较,验证了传热模型精确度;同时进行再淹没阶段的参数敏感性计算,识别出了对第二包壳峰值温度（PCT）影响最大的参数。计算表明:COSINE程序的传热模型能较好地预测再淹没现象;对计算结果影响较大的敏感性参数包括:UO₂体积热容、液滴直径、液滴相间传热系数和膜态沸腾壁面对汽相的传热系数。      

安注方式对设计基准失水事故下元件包壳破损份额影响的分析

以某船用压水堆为研究对象,采用RELAP5/MOD32程序,分析了发生在主管道冷端的极限中破口失水事故中,采取冷端、热端安注方式时不同的事故过程。引入临界管概念,确定了包壳破损临界功率因子。对全堆进行精细功率重构,确定每根燃料元件功率因子,最终确定不同安注方式下的元件包壳破损份额,并指出：对破口出现在主管道冷段的设计基准事故,热端安注能减轻事故后果,减少破损份额。     

两相流模型在直流蒸汽发生器热工水力分析中的比较研究

根据组成气液两相流基本场方程数量所反映的流动与传热特性的不同,两相流方程分为三方程、四方程、五方程和六方程模型,结合流动压降模型、传热模型、两相相互作用模型以及流动工质的状态参数和结构材料热物性等辅助关系式,可很好地对蒸汽产生系统进行设计和研究分析。本文分析了不同数量的两相流场方程的特点和局限性,结合直管式直流蒸汽发生器实验装置,分别选取最佳估算程序中4种不同的两相流场方程计算模型进行流动传热计算分析,重点比较了强制流动的单相过冷水被加热至单相过热蒸汽过程中的压力与传热特性,从而给出不同场方程的两相流模型在分析具有较大相变过程中的差异性,验证了RELAP5程序和RETRAN-3D程序计算分析直流蒸汽发生器的能力。结果表明,RELAP5程序的六方程模型更适合模拟直流蒸汽发生器。     

Numerical simulation of AP1000 LBLOCA with SCDAP/RELAP 4.0 code

The risk of large-break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) is that core will be exposed once the accident occurs, and may cause core damages. New phenomena may occur in LBLOCA due to passive safety injection adopted by AP1000. This paper used SCDAP/RELAP5 4.0 to build the numerical model of AP1000 and double-end guillotine of cold leg is simulated. Reactor coolant system and passive core cooling system were modeled by RELAP5 modular. HEAT STRUCTURE component of RELAP5 was used to simulate the fuel rod. The reflood option in RELAP5 was chosen to be activated or not to study the effect of axial heat conduction. Results show that the axial heat conduction plays an important role in the reflooding phase and can effectively shorten reflood process. An alternative core model is built by SCDAP modular. It is found that the SCDAP model predicts higher maximum peak cladding temperature and longer reflood process than RELAP5 model. Analysis shows that clad oxidation heat plays a key role in the reflood. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the cladding will keep intact and fission product will not be released from fuel to coolant in LBLOCA.     

LOFTL2-5LBLOCA试验分析方法

采用保守评价模型与电厂状态参数最佳估算相结合的方法对大破口冷却剂丧失事故( LBLOCA)进行认证分析.以RELAP5/MOD3为分析工具,结合非参数统计方法,对电厂状态参数进行不确定性量化分析,对LOFT L2-5冷段双端剪切断裂LBLOCA整体试验进行了冷却剂丧失事故(LOCA)分析.分析表明,引入保守分析模式与最...     

基于SCDAP/RELAP5耦合堆腔注水的非能动压水堆熔融池冷却分析

采取堆腔注水策略冷却熔融池对缓解严重事故后果、降低安全壳的失效概率具有十分重要的作用。本文采用SCDAP/RELAP5程序,首先以韩国APR1400相关实验结果对堆腔外部注水自然对流冷却能力进行比对分析,然后建立了耦合堆腔注水措施的融熔池冷却的核电厂模型,以非能动压水堆为研究对象,针对冷段大破口失水事故(LBLOCA)始发严重事故序列,分析堆芯熔融进展过程中实施堆腔注水策略后融熔池的冷却特性及堆腔外部注水的自然循环能力。分析结果表明,LBLOCA下,当堆芯出口温度达到923K时,实施堆腔注水后能有效冷却下封头内的熔融池,从而保持压力容器的完整性。     

采用非能动余热排出系统实验数据对RELAP5程序的评价

利用非能动余热排出系统1∶10原理性实验台架的稳态实验与启动实验数据,对RELAP5/MOD3.2程序进行评估。结果表明：对于本原理性实验系统,RELAP5/MOD3.2程序过低估算了蒸汽流速对蒸汽凝结换热系数的影响,因而,程序中垂直管内的蒸汽凝结换热系数偏小,计算结果与实验结果偏差大。对RELAP5/MOD3.2程序垂直管内蒸汽凝结换热模型进行了修正,修正后的计算结果与实验值基本吻合。评价结果表明：采用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对该类型的非能动余热排出系统进行计算,需对程序中垂直管内的蒸汽凝结换热模型进行修正。     

Sweepout model implementation in RELAP5/MOD3.3 to improve RCS coolant inventory calculation during a LBLOCA

According to the experiments of the Upper Plenum Test Facility (UPTF) and advanced power reactor 1400 MW_e (APR1400), the sweepout in the downcomer has been identified to play an important role in depleting the core coolant inventory during a Large-Break Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LBLOCA). In order to identify the sweepout mechanism and to estimate the amount of coolant discharged by sweepout, the separate-effect test was carried out in the plate type test apparatus, which was scaled down to 1/5 of the size of the APR1400 downcomer. In addition, the sweepout model was developed by correlating the experimental data on the critical void height and the discharge flow rate at the break to the values of analytically derived non-dimensional parameters. This model was implemented in RELAP5/MOD3.3 to improve its calculation of coolant inventory loss during a LBLOCA. To validate the modified RELAP5/MOD3.3 by implementing the sweepout model, the sweepout separate-effect test was simulated by both the original and the modified RELAP5/MOD3.3. The original one predicted the different discharge flow rates according to the node size of the donor volume, and these flow rates were larger than those of the experiment. On the other hand, the modified one calculated the discharge flow rate and the critical void height much more similar to those of the experiment than the original model did. In the future, the improved RELAP5/MOD3.3 adopted in an integrated analysis system will support a more realistic thermal hydraulic analysis.     

Integral loop test and assessment of modified RELAP5/MOD3.3 for RCS coolant inventory during a LBLOCA

This study investigates experimentally and analytically the thermal hydraulic phenomena during the transition from design basis accident (DBA) to beyond-DBA, particularly, the depletion of core coolant inventory. To investigate the overall thermal hydraulic behavior after safety injection (SI) failure during a large-break loss-of-coolant accident (LBLOCA) in a cold leg, an integral loop test was performed at the Seoul National University Integral Test Facility (SNUF), which was scaled down to 1/6.4 in length and 1/178 in area from the advanced power reactor 1400 MWe (APR1400) according to the three-level scaling method. The plant condition at 200.0 s as the base case and those at 625.0 and 1950.0 s as test cases after the initiation of LBLOCA were applied as initial conditions in the experiments, respectively. The experimental results showed that the sweepout increased the coolant flow discharged to the break depending on the steam flow rate in intact cold legs and the initial downcomer coolant level and expedited the depletion of the core coolant inventory.In the meantime, since RELAP5/MOD3.3 uses the average properties of donor volume as those of its connected junction, this scheme causes the mass and the energy flux in a junction to be calculated incorrectly if significant phase separation occurs in the donor volume such as in the downcomer during the LBLOCA. The sweepout model was developed and implemented in RELAP5/MOD3.3 to improve its calculation of coolant inventory during the LBLOCA. To assess the applicability of the modified RELAP5/MOD3.3 to the actual system, the experiments in SNUF were simulated by both the original and the modified RELAP5/MOD3.3. The original one predicted the discharge flow rate at the break larger than that of the experiment. On the other hand, the modified one calculated the discharge flow rate more similar to that of the experiment than the original one did. As a result, the modified RELAP5/MOD3.3 reduced the coolant flow discharged to the break to delay the initiation time of heater heat-up after SI failure during LBLOCA in a cold leg. This improved RELAP5/MOD3.3 will support a more realistic thermal hydraulic analysis in an integrated analysis system.     

重水堆停堆工况下单相自然循环流动与传热分析

使用RELAP5程序建立CANDU 6型重水堆模型,对停堆工况下主热传输系统环路内的单相自然循环进行了分析研究,并推导出重水堆单相自然循环流量模型。对Vijayan模型与RELAP5程序的自然对流传热模型（Churchill-Chu和McAdams模型）进行比较计算,结果表明,Vijayan模型计算的水平壁面传热系数低于程序模型,造成包壳温度略高,而竖直壁面传热系数则无明显差别。     

RELAP5大空间自然对流管束传热模型改进及验证

基于经验证的单相和两相大空间自然对流管束传热模型,对RELAP5进行了改进,使得程序具备了模拟单相和两相大空间自然对流管束传热的能力。采用改进后的系统程序RELAP5和改进前的系统程序RELAP5对试验模拟体进行了对比计算,并采用试验数据对改进后的程序进行了验证,结果表明,改进后的系统程序计算结果与试验数据吻合较好。