高频脉冲弱磁场检测技术的研究

生物医学领域中通常涉及高频瞬态弱磁场的应用,目前通用的磁感应强度探头无法满足MHz脉冲磁场的测量需求,为了准确测量MHz脉冲弱磁场,研究设计了对0.1~1 MHz脉冲磁场进行测量及标定的技术。设计一套由非铁磁性材料制成的脉冲磁场测量与标定装置,通过装置将磁场发生线圈与磁场检测线圈的相对位置精确固定。选用正弦脉冲施加于磁场发生线圈,采集检测线圈产生的感应电动势,根据法拉第电磁感应定律在Matlab平台编写算法,仿真计算得到MHz脉冲磁场强度并标定。实现了频率分别为0.5、1.0、1.5 MHz强度为μT量级磁场的准确测量,测量结果通过标定,与真实值的相对误差约为2.5%,保持较好的稳定性和一致性。     

横向电场作用下外周神经兴奋特性的实验研究

传统的外周神经电缆方程只能描述纵向电场刺激下外周神经兴奋,实验发现在脉冲磁场诱导的横向电场作用下也可使神经兴奋,从而揭示出需要进一步对感应电场兴奋外周神经的机理进行研究。本文研究了横向电场作用下外周神经的兴奋特性,以在体的人体正中神经为例研究了横向电场作用下外周神经兴奋点的位置、刺激阈值、及刺激阈值与纤维半径的关系,以离体的蟾蜍坐骨神经为例研究了刺激阈值与作用时间的关系。实验结果验证了改进的电缆方程的有效性。实验研究成果有助于磁刺激技术的进一步发展与应用。     

脉冲电场和磁场对高血粘影响的比较研究

比较研究脉冲电场和脉冲磁场对高血粘的影响,探索能否利用脉冲电场或脉冲磁场降低血液粘度,改善血循环。每份血样等分9份,1份作对照,对另外8份分别作不同的脉冲电场或脉冲磁场处理。高血粘血样经△B/△t为2.5×105(Ts-1)的脉冲磁场作用后,全血表观粘度η降低(P<0.01)、红细胞电泳率EPM加快(P<0.01),血沉速率ESR提高(P<0.01)。脉冲磁场能改善高血粘血样的流变特性。     

脑部磁刺激磁场和感应电场的初步研究

作为脑部磁刺激研究的一项基础工作，本文建立了刺激磁场中的球形头模型，对方形线圈在其内产生的时变磁场和感应电场进行了理论研究。导出了Ｂ，Ｅ，Ｊ的解析表达式，分析了场的特性和刺激强度的分布规律。为进一步探索时变磁场对人脑的最佳刺激方式和作用机理提供了初步的理论基础。     

脉冲电场对人宫颈癌Hela细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

背景：脉冲电场对肿瘤细胞侵袭转移能力是否具有抑制作用尚不十分清楚。 目的：探讨不同强度脉冲电场对人宫颈癌Hela细胞侵袭转移能力的影响及可能的机制。 方法：以场强分别为0,500,1 000和1 500 V/cm的脉冲电场作用人宫颈癌Hela细胞后,采用平板克隆形成实验,观察脉冲电场对细胞克隆能力的影响;采用Transwell小室进行人工重组基底膜侵袭和转移实验,观察脉冲电场对细胞侵袭和转移能力的影响;采用RT-PCR法检测宫颈癌Hela细胞中基质金属蛋白酶2和RhoC基因mRNA的表达情况。 结果与结论：脉冲电场作用后,宫颈癌Hela细胞的克隆能力受到抑制;细胞侵袭和转移能力明显降低;基质金属蛋白酶2和RhoC基因mRNA的表达均明显减弱,且有电场强度依赖性。结果表明,脉冲电场能抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞的侵袭转移能力,其机制可能与降低RhoC和基质金属蛋白酶2的表达有关。     

电磁波作用下人体的电场应力计算

本文从电场应力的角度研究稳态平面波和脉冲波对人体作用的计算,主要讨论了振幅为100、随正弦规律变化的稳态平面波以及核爆炸脉冲波作用下人体内电场应力的分布,并给出了部分计算结果.     

50Hz正弦交变磁场对K562和WZDs细胞生长的影响

本文报道了５０Ｈｚ正弦交变磁场对Ｋ＿５６２和ＷＺＤｓｔｅ胞生长的影响。实验采用不同强度的磁场对体外培养的Ｋ＿５６２和ＷｚＤｓ细胞悬液进行时间长短不一的间歇曝磁，通过细胞计数来判断磁场对这两类细胞的影响。实验结果显示，所选用的磁场对这两类细胞的生长具有不同程度的抑制效应，抑制的程度除与细胞种类有关外，还与磁场强度，暴磁时间等因素有关。     

脉冲电场和磁场对小白鼠血细胞影响的比较研究

随机将３６只小白鼠分为３组，分别用脉冲电场和脉冲磁场辐照，另一组为对照组，本文根据实验结果，报告了脉冲电场和脉冲磁场对小白鼠血细胞变化的影响，发现脉冲磁场引起白细胞数目下降，而脉冲电场则没有引起变化。     

纳秒脉冲诱导肿瘤细胞缝隙连接通讯恢复的实验研究

将纳秒脉冲作用于人肝癌细胞( Hep - G2),通过荧光漂白恢复(FRAP)技术,检测荧光萃灭后肿瘤细胞的荧光强度变化情况,以研究纳秒脉冲对肿瘤细胞缝隙连接通讯( GJIC)功能变化的影响.经纳秒脉冲处理后,与对照组相比,处理组荧光恢复率显著增加,且随着时间的推移,所有处理组的荧光恢复率都达到对照组的3倍以上.此外,处理组肿瘤细胞的荧光漂白恢复率随脉冲个数的增加而升高.实验结果表明,纳秒脉冲促进了肿瘤细胞缝隙连接通讯功能的恢复,且在固定的脉冲宽度和幅值下,GJIC对纳秒脉冲作用的响应程度与施加的脉冲个数呈正相关.研究结果不仅为纳秒脉冲用于GJIC障碍性疾病的治疗提供了一条全新的途径,而且也深化了纳秒脉冲诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡机制的研究.     

磁刺激八字线圈变形对空间磁场与感应电场分布的影响

在经颅磁刺激中,尽管传统八字线圈的聚焦性要优于圆形线圈的聚焦性,但是八字线圈的两侧边缘产生的磁场与感应电场的峰值仍然较高。设计一种基于折叠变形的八字线圈,通过数值计算分析变形八字线圈空间磁场与感应电场的分布,并与传统八字线圈进行对比。结果表明,当变形八字线圈的折叠角度在45°～60°范围内时,其中心位置产生的空间磁场和感应电场占传统八字线圈在中心位置的90%左右,而变形线圈两侧产生的空间磁场与感应电场占传统八字线圈两侧的30%左右。因此,在空间磁场和感应电场的聚焦度方面,折叠变形八字线圈均优于传统八字线圈。所提出的折叠变形八字线圈为设计新型经颅磁刺激线圈提供了新的思路。     

Synaptic neurone activity under applied 50 Hz alternating magnetic fields

The effect of 50 Hz alternating magnetic fields of 10-150 Gauss (1-15 mT) intensity on neurone synaptic activity for glutamate and acetylcholine has been studied. The applied 50 Hz alternating magnetic field does not modify the synaptic activity induced by glutamate or acetylcholine on neurones. It has been observed that both caffeine and glutamate induce similar effects, either stimulation or inhibition, on different neurone types. It is shown that applied 50 Hz alternating magnetic fields mimic the synaptic effect of glutamate. A mimic effect has also been observed between the induced effect by applying 50 Hz alternating magnetic field on neurones and the one induced by caffeine and glutamate on the same neurone. The application of Ringer solutions with different concentrations of Ca2+/K+ ions suggest that Ca2+ ions are involved in the elicited responses to either caffeine, glutamate or 50 Hz magnetic fields. Our conclusion is that the observed mimic induced effects for 50 Hz alternating magnetic fields, caffeine and glutamate on neurones corroborate that Ca2+ ions are the cytosolic effectors of the applied 50 Hz alternating magnetic fields interaction with neurone plasma membrane.     

Induction of micronuclei in mice exposed to static magnetic fields.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) have cytogenetic effects in mouse bone marrow cells. The frequency of micronuclei was significantly increased by exposure of mice to 3.0 T for 48 and 72 h and 4.7 T for 24, 48 and 72 h. The increase in micronucleus frequency was dose dependent at all times. Micronucleus frequency at 4.7 T was higher than at 3.0 T. We consider that the increased numbers of micronuclei may be attributable to a stress reaction caused by SMFs or a direct clastogenic/spindle disturbance effect of SMFs.     

A potential multiple resonance mechanism by which weak magnetic fields affect molecules and medical problems: the example of melatonin and experimental "multiple sclerosis"

A biophysical hypothesis to explain the powerful ameliorating effects of weak (nanoTesla range) magnetic fields on melatonin-related diseases is presented. The effects are dependent upon the molarity of the melatonin within specific organ spaces. The optimal ameliorating effects upon experimental allergic encephalomyelitis for both the derived intensities (about 35 and 70 nT) and the frequency (7 Hz) were congruent with the empirical observations from previously published and unpublished experiments with rats involving about 1-5000 nT strengths of either 0.5, 7, 40, or 60 Hz magnetic fields. The hypothesis predicts that weaker magnetic fields within the nanoTesla to picoTesla range would optimally affect concentrations of melatonin (in this situation) within the micromolar range and that neurological states (epilepsy) or conditions (ethanol, antidepressants, sleep deprivation) that affect nocturnal melatonin levels in human beings would determine the optimal effective intensity within the 7 Hz range. The resonance solution also suggests that mitochondrial proton gradients may be critical to the process. The model offers an alternative explanation to the variations of Faraday's Law and the Boltzmann constant that have been employed to explain and to dismiss biological effects from weak magnetic fields.     

The role of moderate static magnetic fields on biomineralization of osteoblasts on sulfonated polystyrene films

We have investigated the effects of moderate static magnetic fields (SMFs) on murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, and found that they enhance proliferations and promote differentiation. The increase in proliferation rates in response to SMFs was greater in cultures grown on partially sulfonated polytstyrene (SPS, degree of sulfonation: 33%) than in cultures grown on tissue culture plastic. We have previously shown that when the degree of sulfonation exceeded a critical value (12%) [1], spontaneous fibrillogenesis occured which allowed for direct observation of the ECM fibrillar organization under the influence of external fields. We found that the ECM produced in cultures grown on the SPS in the presence of the SMFs assembled into a lattice with larger dimensions than the ECM of the cultures grown in the absence of SMFs. During the early stages of the biomineralization process (day 7), the SMF exposed cultures also templated mineral deposition more rapidly than the control cultures. The rapid response is attributed to orientation of diamagnetic ECM proteins already present in the serum, which could then initiate further cellular signaling. SMFs also influenced late stage osteoblast differentiation as measured by the increased rate of osteocalcin secretion and gene expression beginning 15 days after SFM exposure. This correlated with a large increase in mineral deposition, and in cell modulus. GIXD and EDXS analysis confirmed early deposition of crystalline hydroxyapatite. Previous studies on the effects of moderate SMF had focused on cellular gene and protein expression, but did not consider the organization of the ECM fibers. Our ability to form these fibers has allowed us explore this additional effect and highlight its significance in the initiation of the biomineralization process.     

正弦交变电磁场促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨性分化的研究

研究50 Hz不同强度正弦交变电磁场(SEMFs)对体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rBMSCs)增殖与成骨性分化的影响,筛选出最佳磁场强度参数。采用贴壁筛选法培养原代rBMSCs,每天在频率为50 Hz,强度分别为0、1.4、1.6、1.8、2.0、2.2 mT的磁场环境中处理30 min。MTT法检测细胞增殖情况;于处理后的第3、6、9、12 d分别测定细胞碱性磷酸酶活性、钙盐沉积量、钙化结节数以及Ⅰ型胶原表达量,并比较各组间差异;于处理后6、12、24、48 h分别提取细胞总RNA,用RT Real-Time PCR法检测成骨性分化相关基因Osterix和IGF-1表达情况。实验结果显示电磁场干预组的细胞增殖率均低于对照组;但1.4~2.2 mT区间的磁场具有促成骨效应,以1.8 mT促进rBMSCs的成骨性分化更明显,表现在该组的碱性磷酸酶活性、钙盐沉积量、钙化结节数、Ⅰ型胶原表达量以及成骨性分化基因的表达量最高,亦显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可以认为频率为50 Hz、强度范围在1.4~2.2 mT内的SEMFs抑制rBMSCs的增殖;但促进其成骨性分化,以1.8 mT效果最为明显。     

Low dose magnetic fields do not cause oxidative DNA damage in human placental cotyledons in vitro

The biological impact of low dose magnetic fields generated by electric appliances present in the human environment is still uncertain. In this study, human placentas served as a model tissue for the evaluation of the potential effect of oscillating low intensity magnetic fields on the concentration of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in cellular DNA. Cotyledons were dissected from placentas obtained immediately after physiological labours and exposed to magnetic fields (groups MF A, 2 mT, 50 Hz and MF B, 5 mT, 50 Hz) or sham exposed (group C) during an in vitro perfusion of 3 h. Cellular DNA was isolated, hydrolyzed and analyzed by HPLC. Native nucleosides were monitored at 254 nm and 8-OH-dG by electrochemical detection. Results were expressed as mol 8-OH-dG/mol deoxyguanosine (dG). The concentrations of 8-OH-dG in group C, MF A and MF B were 28.45±15.27 mol/mol dG, 62.80±31.91 mol/mol dG, and 27.49±14.23 mol/mol dG, respectively, demonstrating no significant difference between the groups. The results suggest that placental tissues possess a capacity to protect DNA against oxidative alterations by magnetic field of intensities previously shown to produce radical mediated DNA damage in rat brain cells in vivo and imbalances in electrolyte release of cotyledons under in vitro conditions.     

50Hz正弦交变磁场对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞分化及BMP-2和collagen-I基因表达的影响

目的:研究频率为50 Hz不同强度正弦交变电磁场(electromagnetic fields,EMFs)对体外培养成骨细胞(Osteoblasts,OB)分化的影响。方法:体外分离培养大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,传代后随机分为9组,分别用频率50 Hz,磁场强度为0 mT(对照组)、0.9 mT、1.2 mT、1.5 mT、1.8 mT、2.1 mT、2.4 mT、2.7 mT和3.0 mT的正弦交变磁场处理,30 min/次/d。倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态;第3 d、6 d、9 d测定钙含量;第10 d茜素红钙化结节染色;RT-PCR法检测BMP-2和Collagen-I基因的表达。结果:磁场处理了3 d以后成骨细胞呈漩涡样分布;第9 d磁场组钙盐沉淀量普遍高于对照组,尤以1.8 mT显著高于对照(P0.01)及其他各组(P0.05);磁场处理组的BMP-2、Collagen-I基因表达水平高于对照组,其中1.8 mT和2.1 mT组表达量明显较高。结论:本实验所用50 Hz,0.9 mT~3.0 mT的正弦交变磁场能促进体外培养成骨细胞分化成熟,并提高BMP-2和Collagen-I的基因表达水平,其中以1.8 mT效果最为明显。     

Human exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields: neurophysiological effects.

The neurophysiological effects of exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields at two occupationally-relevant intensities were evaluated in a single-blind study with 18 male and 18 female volunteers. Auditory brainstem (BAEP) and somatosensory (SEP) evoked potentials were recorded before, during and after field exposure (duration = 45 min, frequency = 60 Hz, field intensities = 14.1 or 28.3 microtesla, microT), or an equivalent sham-exposure control period. Visual event-related potentials (VEP) to pattern reversal stimuli were also recorded before and after the exposure period. Field exposure had no differential effects on the BAEP, the VEP, or on SEP measures of central conduction time. Men and women showed a similar lack of sensitivity to exposure. The present results do not support the mechanistic hypothesis that the transmission of sensory information to appropriate cortical centers is delayed or distorted by exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields at occupational intensities.     

脉冲磁场对小鼠血液SOD活性及MDA含量的影响

采用脉冲频率２０Ｈｚ,强度分别为０．２５、０．３、０．６４Ｔ三种不同强度的脉冲磁场对小鼠进行４０ｍｉｎ全身辐射,对照组进行４０ｍｉｎ假辐射。磁处理后即刻取血对其血液的自由基指标（ＳＯＤ比活性、ＭＤＡ含量）进行测量。结果表明辐照强度０．２５Ｔ组与对照组小鼠血液的自由基代谢未改变;０．３４Ｔ组小鼠血液的ＳＯＤ活性的ＭＤＡ含量均显著低于其它组。结果表明低频脉冲磁场对小鼠的自由基影响较大并存在一定的窗口效     

Shaping the excitability of human motor cortex with premotor rTMS

Recent studies have shown that low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsal premotor cortex has a lasting influence on the excitability of specific neuronal subpopulations in the ipsilateral primary motor hand area (M1 _HAND ). Here we asked how these premotor to motor interactions are shaped by the intensity and frequency of rTMS and the orientation of the stimulating coil. We confirmed that premotor rTMS at 1 Hz and an intensity of 90% active motor threshold (AMT) produced a lasting decrease in corticospinal excitability probed with single-pulse TMS over the left M1 _HAND . Reducing the intensity to 80% AMT increased paired-pulse excitability at an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 7 ms. Opposite effects occurred if rTMS was given at 5 Hz: at 90% AMT, corticospinal excitability increased; at 80% AMT, paired-pulse excitability at ISI = 7 ms decreased. No effects were seen if rTMS was applied at the same intensities to prefrontal or primary motor cortices. These findings indicate that the intensity of premotor rTMS determines the net effect of conditioning on distinct populations of neurones in the ipsilateral M1 _HAND , but it is the frequency of rTMS that determines the direction of the induced change. By selecting the appropriate intensity and frequency, premotor rTMS allows to induce a predictable up- or down-regulation of the excitability in distinct neuronal circuits of human M1 _HAND .