搞好水利基础建设加快农村经济发展

搞好水利基础建设加快农村经济发展镇赉县人民政府县长罗家风镇赉县位于吉林省西北部，总面积５６００平方公里，有１７个乡镇，５个国营农牧林场，人口３０万人，耕地１６５万亩，是一个以农业为主农牧结合的县份。近年来，我县的水利事业按照全国水利工作会议精神和发展...     

竭尽全力维权益 淋漓尽致显身手——记秦顺县小水电行业协会十年维权成果

泰顺县位于浙江最南端，与福建省交界，系“全国生态示范区”和“中国农村水电之乡”。县域总面积1761．5km^2，辖36个乡镇，人口35万。境内拥有飞云江、交溪、沙埕港、鳌江等四大水系，多年平均水资源总量28．2亿m^3，水能资源理论蕴藏量为66．2万kW，水电可开发利用装机容量52万kW，属浙江省农村水电资源较为丰富的县份之一。     

田林县建设农村电气化的若干方法与实践

1 基本情况 1.1 自然、社会和经济情况 田林县位于广西西北部,面积5577km2,是广西面积最大的县份,辖3个镇17个乡,共有156个行政村和1402个自然屯,49028户,23.13万人,其中农业人口20.86万人,占总人口90.3%.     

狠抓水利现代化园区建设 助推农业产业化发展

郫县位于成都平原的腹心地带，属都江堰灌区，是成都市水源保护地，全县幅员面积437．5平方公里，辖十四个镇，247个行政村，农业人口36万人，耕地面积2．1万公顷，西距成都市区10公里，是传统的农业县，又是“全国乡村城市化试点县”，“中国盆景之乡”，素有“银郫县”之美誉，水利在全县基础设施建设占有重要地位。     

水电农村电气化建设是解决“三农”问题的有效途径

云南省地处祖国西南边陲，国土总面积39．4万km^2，居全国第八位，与缅甸、老挝、越南接壤，边境线长达4060km，居住着25种少数民族，是全国民族最多的省份，有8个民族自治州，29个民族自治县，国土面积94％是山地，有60％的人口居住在半山区、山区和高寒山区。“卜五”期间，全省有73个国家扶贫开发工作重点县，尚何400万人未解决温饱，600万人需进一步巩固温饱，约300万人未用上电。     

以民主管理为动力 推动两个文明建设

近年来，我们石津灌区管理局党委认真贯彻党的十五大和十四届六中全会精神，适应社会主义市场经济的需要，坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”和精神文明重在建设的方针，重点在实施民主管理、推动灌区两个文明建设协调发展方面进行了有益的探索和实践，收到较好效果。 １９９８年我局实现省级“文明单位”三连冠；１９９９年９月又被中央文明委评为“全国创建文明行业工作先进单位”，被省委、省政府命名为“全省创建文明行业工作先进窗口单位”。 石津灌区位于华北中南部平原，是全国十大灌区之一，设计灌溉面积２５０万亩，受益范围包括３个地级…     

四川省小水电代燃料试点工程建设成效与经验

党的十六大提出了“全面建设小康社会”的宏伟目标，决定在全国正式启动小水电代燃料的试点工程，这是历史进入新的世纪继续加强农村基础设施建设的重大举措。首批试点，全国确定了26个，四川有7个，占全国的27％，批准投资规模8507万元，新增发电装机2．54万kW。其中代燃料发电装机1．615万kW，这次试点工程建设任务重、投资少、工期短、要求高，     

应充分重视中小型灌区渠道配套建设

2006年四川省遭遇了50年一遇的特大干旱威胁．全省20个市（州）124个县（市、区）的农业生产受到了严重影响。成灾农田116．5万hm^2，绝收27．7万hm^2，损失粮食578万t。但经调查，中小型灌区的情况与非灌区是两重天．中小型灌区作物长势喜人。自2000年起，为保证全省粮食安全，发挥骨干中小型灌区的灌溉效益，四川省财政厅、水利厅共同实施了“产粮大县万亩以下渠道配套项目”。6年来，总投资34021万元，在13个市（州）40余县（市、区）70多个灌区实施了153期项目建设，新增渠道2749km，整治渠道308km，新增有效灌溉面积6.3万hm^3。     

博平镇精心建设供水中心的做法

茌平县博平镇是“全国综合改革试点镇”,位于茌平县城西部,全镇现辖75个行政村,面积88km2,总人口5·2万人,2003年荣获“聊城市农村饮水解困工作先进镇”的光荣称号。全镇人畜饮水困难明显的村有21个,涉及1万余人。多年来,解决苦咸水区群众的饮水困难一直是全镇的难点问题。近几年,由于连年的干旱,季节干旱性缺水人口也在不断地增加,再加上工业污染、工业用水过度开采造成的人畜饮水困难,已成为制约本镇经济发展的“瓶颈”。博平镇党委、政府从广大人民群众的根本利益出发,把解决农村饮水困难作为实践“三个代表”重要思想的实际行动和全面建…     

加快灌区改造建设国家级商品粮基地

农垦牡丹江分局兴凯湖灌区位于黑龙江省三江平原东南部，总面积12．2万hm^2，设计灌溉面积7．67万hm^2,灌区分为7个分区，共有5个受益农场，总人口1213．3万人。兴凯湖灌区地势平坦、土质肥沃，所在地区是世界三大黑土带之一，人均耕地2．33hm^2，是黑龙江省重要的商品粮基地和绿色水稻基地，也是1998年启动的全国大型灌区续建配套与节水改造项目之一。     

长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定

基于长江中游四大家鱼发江量历次调查数据,采用宜昌站作为长江中游水文情势变化分析的控制站,基于其1900~2004年共105年的日径流资料,采用每年5~6月涨水过程数、总涨水日数、平均每次涨水过程日数等3项生态水文指标,分析了四大家鱼发江量与3项生态水文因子的变化关系,认为产卵场所处江段每年5~6月的总涨水日数是决定家鱼苗发江量多寡的一个重要环境因子。根据IHA方法,对宜昌站105年来的生态水文指标分析表明,长江宜昌站生态水文过程的改变并不明显,5~6月总涨水日数变化趋势不显著,显示长江中游影响四大家鱼苗发江量的生态流量过程改变不明显,与前人得出的葛洲坝枢纽修建后四大家鱼的产卵条件和卵苗江汛规律没有变化这一认识一致。但是,随着三峡水库的运行,下游河道的生态环境流量过程会有较大改变,本文建议三峡水库的调控以保障长江中游每年5~6月的总涨水日数维持在22.1±7.2范围内为生态水文目标,即可从生态环境流量过程方面补偿水利工程对中游四大家鱼鱼苗发江量的影响。     

Seminar on Water and Energy,Stockholm, Sweden,August 21, 2005

Abstract

In Europe the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will have major implications for water resources management. Part of the Directive requires Member States to implement a comprehensive system of controls (licences) on the allocation and abstraction (withdrawal) of surface and groundwater resources. This paper describes the development of a procedure to help assess and set abstraction licences for agricultural irrigation. The methodology is described with reference to Scotland, a country with limited abstraction control previously and where irrigation is supplemental to rainfall. The methodology combines spatial climatic information using a Geographical Information System (GIS) with data derived from a water balance computer model. The procedure enables the volumetric irrigation demand in a ‘design’ dry year for a given site to be estimated, taking into account local variations in climate, soil type, land use and irrigation practices. The approach provides a scientifically robust framework to allow the regulatory authority to assess the ‘reasonable’ water requirements of individual irrigators and hence develop allocations to satisfy the range of competing demands (e.g. agriculture, industry, and environment) on water resources. The methodology is applicable in other temperate countries where water abstraction controls are required and where appropriate datasets are available. The application of the procedure and its methodological limitations are described.     

Stakeholder-driven,enquiry-driven,or stakeholder-relevant,enquiry-driven science?

There is currently debate within the international hydrological community on whether hydrological science should give priority to providing measurements, knowledge, and understanding pre-determined as being needed by stakeholders, or priority to more basic enquiry-driven science that will stimulate the continued health and growth of hydrology as an important Earth science discipline. Two recent major international initiatives in hydrology reflect these two perspectives. One, the Hydrology for the Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) program, is primarily fostered by UNESCO-IHP and is focused on stimulating the stakeholder-driven hydrological science required in specific catchments that have become members of a global network. The second, the decade on Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), which is appropriately managed by IAHS, is primarily driven by scientific enquiry and is focused on creating new scientific methods and understanding, albeit with practical application ultimately in mind. This paper summarizes the nature, origins, growth, and progress of these two international programs but also describes the subtly different approach that has been adopted by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). NSF is a federal agency whose primary goal is to ‘enable the future’ by stimulating novel science. Because SAHRA is a federally-funded entity supported by an agency with this goal, the Center clearly cannot operate in stakeholder-driven, response mode in competition with the already effective private U.S. consultancy industry. Nonetheless, SAHRA's mission is to create knowledge and build understanding that will enhance the prospects of sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, especially the southwestern U.S. To resolve this apparent conflict, SAHRA looks ahead to future stakeholder needs and builds its research agenda around selected critical stakeholder-relevant questions that require substantial and sustained investment in basic, multidisciplinary, enquiry-driven science. This paper describes SAHRA's approach and reports on associated research and outreach activities.     

Growth,Reproduction, Mortality,Distribution, and Biomass of Freshwater Drum in Lake Erie

Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens population were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = ?5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978.     

水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法综述

在总结水-能源-粮食纽带关系研究中, 使用频率较高或潜力较大的 8 种水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法为: 水-能源-粮食纽带关系工具 2.0( WEF Nexus Tool 2.0) ; 生命周期评价( LCA) ; 可计算的一般均衡模型( CGE) ; 系统动力学模型( SD) ; 气候、土地、能源与水资源策略( CLEWS) ; 基于社会生态系统代谢的多尺度综合评价( MuSIASEM ) ; 市场配置/ 市场配置系统集成模型( MARKAL/ TIMES) 和水资源评价规划模型-长期能源替代规划系统 ( WEAP2LEAP) 。通过总结各研究方法的产生、发展及特性, 并引用案例讨论其适用范围, 分析其优缺点和在使用 时需要注意的问题。在此基础上, 对未来水2能源2粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的发展趋势进行讨论, 认为伴随可持 续发展问题关注度的上升与水-能源-粮食纽带关系内在机理的挖掘, 未来的水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法将 更加注重量化的精确性和数据的互通以及跨学科研究和多方法的耦合。本文可为水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的选择和更新优化提供参考。     

Survival,Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub,Gila Cypha,in the Little Colorado River,Arizona

Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001–2002 and 2009–2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark‐recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site‐specific and year‐specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river‐wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.