基于区块链的食品冷链质量安全信息平台构建

目的 研究区块链技术在食品安全领域,尤其是在生鲜食品冷链物流质量安全监测中的具体应用,以加强食品质量安全管理,提高食品冷链供应链效益.方法 分析生鲜食品冷链物流质量安全管理的薄弱环节,论证区块链技术的食品冷链质量安全监测适用性基础上,以区块链为底层技术构建食品冷链质量安全信息平台,研究区块链技术的创新应用对食品冷链质量安全管理的提升效果.结果 应用区块链技术构建了数据统一、运营高效的生鲜食品冷链质量安全信息平台,对食品质量安全信息进行了实时采集,实现了质量安全风险即时预警、质量安全问题有效溯源,有助于重塑食品质量安全生态系统.结论 区块链作为分布式账本、数字签名、溯源存证等一系列核心技术的组合,基于区块链技术创建食品冷链质量安全信息平台,能够强化微生物污染监测、缩短食品冷链在途时间,并使质量安全问题得到有效追踪溯源,对于加强食品质量安全管理、促进生鲜食品供应链优化有重要意义.     

区块链技术驱动下的国家质量基础设施建设研究

区块链具有防伪造、可溯源、公开透明及不可篡改等显著特性,将区块链的核心技术引入国家质量基础建设,有助于保障产品质量和食品安全提升我国质量水平、变革标准化与合格评定运行机制提升市场监管效率、推进国家质量基础核心要素融合发展。同时对区块链应用的困境与阻碍进行分析,以期从技术层面为国家质量基础建设提供有益参考。     

区块链在食品接触用塑料包装溯源系统的应用

目的 为了解决食品接触用塑料包装在整个流通过程中信息不全面、不及时、易篡改、追溯数据真实性和完整性无法保证等问题,提出一种基于区块链的二维码技术,应用于食品接触用塑料包装溯源管理系统。方法 从目前区块链的应用分析,对区块链技术在食品接触用塑料包装溯源管理相结合的可行性和必要性进行分析。结果 解决了传统食品接触用塑料包装数据容易被篡改、盗用和真实性不足等问题,实现了食品接触材料全过程数据溯源,保证了食品质量安全。结论 可将区块链技术应用于追溯系统的数据存储、信息传递及验证模式。     

基于可编辑区块链的可信数据管理方案

区块链的不可篡改性可以解决银行数据的安全管理问题。但是,区块链中留下的不正确信息会被永久存储,从而带来潜在的灾难性后果。作为一个有效的解决方案,可编辑的区块链技术可以让用户修改区块链的数据。该文提出了一种基于可编辑区块链的可信数据管理方案,该方案基于双链架构,利用变色龙哈希来解决可能面临的安全问题。分析表明,该方法能有效地处理恶意行为,还具有可接受的系统开销。     

区块链在产品溯源和包装防伪上的应用进展

目的 探究区块链技术在产品溯源和包装防伪上的应用现状,以期为区块链防伪溯源体系的研究和建立提供参考。方法 整理国内外文献,系统分析区块链技术的来源和发展,概述区块链技术在实现防伪溯源上的机理;然后总结在食品包装、电子存证和处方药溯源的相关应用研究。结果 相比传统的防伪和溯源手段,区块链技术解决了防伪标签不可靠和溯源信息不完整等问题,其赋能于食品供应链溯源,不仅依靠分布式存储机制保存电子证据,还将处方药溯源和电子病历相结合,实现全生命周期溯源。结论 区块链技术有效解决消费者对食品安全的信任问题,实现可靠且高效的电子存证,为未来医药一体化打下坚实基础。     

基于区块链的医疗临床数据防篡改机制及篡改攻击分析

医疗临床数据的可靠共享机制对提升智慧医疗水平具有重要意义,防篡改机制可为医疗临床数据交互与共享提供保障。本文首先给出了基于区块链的医疗临床数据防篡改机制,然后设计了两种场景来分析医疗临床数据篡改攻击的实施途径,最后对篡改攻击进行建模并基于马尔科夫链进行了分析。本文研究内容对提升医疗临床数据共享安全性以及智慧医疗水平均具有较高的应用价值。     

基于区块链的质量管理体系设计构想

作为互联网领域最重要的创新,区块链已经得到广泛应用,也将给组织质量管理产生极大影响。本论文结合当前质量管理体系运行中存在的问题,分析了区块链技术基本原理与质量管理原则的契合性,设计了区块链+质量管理体系运行架构,认为区块链技术的应用可以实现质量管理体系的协同高效运转,实现全程运行的可信性与可追溯性,从而驱动运行有效性进一步提升,保障高质量产品服务的供给。     

基于区块链的电力物资供应链数据协同共享管理

该文分析了电气物资供应链中存在的制约电气设备产业发展的设备质量难溯源、设备质量问题突出以及电气设备合同纠纷等问题,研究基于区块链技术的电气设备产品供应链数字化协同共享管理方法,采用链下数据上链、链上数据验证的链上/链下数据协同方法实现了供应链数字化协同共享,进一步完成对电气设备产品供应链条及质量信息的查询管控、存证溯源。     

西湖龙井区块链溯源体系设计

目的:基于区块链技术研究西湖龙井溯源体系。方法:采用PFMEA(潜在失效模式及影响分析)确定西湖龙井生产销售全流程中数据层关键节点,并以此建立基于区块链(Blockchain)技术的西湖龙井溯源体系。结果:以PFMEA为手段对生产流程所采集的数据进行分析,确定了茶园区域、采摘、定级、销售四个环节为数据层关键节点,然后基于区块链建立西湖龙井溯源体系;该体系架构包括数据采集区、数据层、网络层、合约层、应用层等。结论:结合具体应用场景,论证了西湖龙井区块链溯源体系的可行性和有效性。     

基于区块链技术的农产品质量溯源系统

为实现农产品信息追溯,增强消费者对于农产品行业的信心,设计基于区块链的农产品质量溯源系统。系统主要包括供应链数据模块与反馈追责模块,前者主要解决农产品在产、运、销阶段的责任划分问题,通过传感器实时监控农产品性状,将不安全食品阻隔在终端消费之前;后者主要解决消费者维权、有关部门追责及产品召回问题,以降低消费者维权成本,提高消费者反馈效率,保证消费者的合法权益。基于区块链技术的农产品质量安全溯源系统可有效进行农产品质量信息溯源,对于解决食品安全问题有良好的效果。     

上下冲击式速冻机流场和换热特性研究现状

目的 为了提高食品冻结的品质,需要对冲击式速冻机的结构尺寸和内部流场进行优化,改善冲击式速冻机的冻结效率.方法 综述影响该类速冻机换热特性的4个因素,即喷嘴的形状和尺寸,射流阵列的排布,喷嘴到输送带距离和喷嘴间距的改变,速冻机进出口压差等.结果 通过回顾计算流体力学技术和实验研究在这4个方面优化速冻机换热特性的案例,总结了上下冲击式速冻机流场变化的规律.结论 该研究为新型速冻机的优化设计提供了理论支撑.     

Blockchain adoption or contingent sourcing? Advancing food supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic era

In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.     

Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management

Globalisation of supply chains makes their management and control more difficult. Blockchain technology, as a distributed digital ledger technology which ensures transparency, traceability, and security, is showing promise for easing some global supply chain management problems. In this paper, blockchain technology and smart contracts are critically examined with potential application to supply chain management. Local and global government, community, and consumer pressures to meet sustainability goals prompt us to further investigate how blockchain can address and aid supply chain sustainability. Part of this critical examination is how blockchains, a potentially disruptive technology that is early in its evolution, can overcome many potential barriers. Four blockchain technology adoption barriers categories are introduced; inter-organisational, intra-organisational, technical, and external barriers. True blockchain-led transformation of business and supply chain is still in progress and in its early stages; we propose future research propositions and directions that can provide insights into overcoming barriers and adoption of blockchain technology for supply chain management.     

Application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing: Theoretical basis,realistic plights,and development suggestions

Blockchain technology is considered one of the promising technologies of the information technology era. The core features of blockchain, such as decentralization, transparency, high security, and tamper-proof nature, bring great convenience for large-scale social cooperation and data sharing. Blockchain has a broad application prospect in the field of intelligent manufacturing. The key issues of this field, such as distributed collaborative production, industrial big data sharing and security, transparent logistics, and supply chain, are naturally consistent with the core characteristics of the blockchain technology. This study aims to analyze the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. First, we introduce the basic connotation and applications of blockchain. Then, we propose the theoretical basis for the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. Finally, we point out the realistic plights and provide some suggestions to promote the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing.     

基于区块链的二维码包装广告监管和防伪溯源系统

针对广告监管和假冒伪劣商品识别两个问题,设计一个基于区块链的二维码包装广告监管和防伪溯源系统。介绍了3个关键技术:二维码、区块链和Python Django Web框架;对系统体系框架的顶层用户、中间层系统服务和底层区块链网络的需求进行分析,再依据需求分析设计了3个子系统即二维码子系统、广告监管子系统和防伪溯源子系统,最后利用Django框架,使用Python技术与MySQL,采用B/S架构,开发Web应用系统。本应用系统能对商品生产、流通、推广、销售的全过程进行灵活、细粒度的控制访问,提升了商品与服务的品质。     

Blockchain for trustworthy provenances: A case study in the Australian aquaculture industry

We explore the potential for a blockchain ledger to record supply chain provenances in an inherently trustworthy manner. The use of blockchain in this setting may allow for traceability of products through the supply chain without fear that an item’s provenance is fraudulent or has been tampered with. We compare the desirable properties of a blockchain ledger to those of a traditional database. We also consider challenges to the trustworthiness of a provenance idiosyncratic to the context of supply chains. We present a case study in which we conduct a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the prawn aquaculture industry in Australia. This industry was chosen as it stands to gain from robust provenances due to international competition. We find that blockchain based technology is unlikely to deliver substantial gains to the industry when compared to alternatives. Rather, most gains are likely to arise from the industry becoming digitalized, which would be a precondition for any blockchain technology to be operational.     

The quality traceability system for prefabricated buildings using blockchain: An integrated framework

The quality traceability of precast components has largely affected the widespread adoption of prefabricated buildings. Blockchain technology provides an effective solution to change the centralized storage mode of traditional traceability system and its related disadvantages. In this paper, we propose a framework of quality traceability system for precast components based on blockchain technology. The system framework adopts a hybrid blockchain architecture and dual storage mode, defines three types of smart contracts, and creates an interactive and efficient source tracing query method, which could effectively achieve the goals of decentralization, openness, and non-tamperability, as well as efficient traceability.     

Collaborative adoption of blockchain technology: A supply chain contract perspective

The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly affected the development of enterprises. In the post-pandemic era, blockchain technology has become one of the important technologies to help enterprises quickly gain market competitiveness. The heavy investment required of supply chain stakeholders to employ blockchain technology has hindered its adoption and application. To tackle this issue, this study aims to facilitate the adoption of blockchain technology in a supply chain consisting of a core enterprise and a small/medium-sized enterprise through an effective supply chain contract. We analyze the performance of a cost-sharing (CS) contract and a revenue-sharing (RS) contract and propose a new hybrid CS-RS contract for better performance. We conduct comparative analyses of the three contracts and find that the hybrid CS-RS contract can more effectively incentivize both parties to reach the highest level of blockchain technology adoption and achieve supply chain coordination.