清凉行走的夏天

古镇走过不下十几个了,唯有查济,成为最有生命质感的内心的寻找,一个人,捎上灵魂的一次出游。有文记载:皖南胜地有查济一村,取查氏之姓,济阳之名,建于隋而兴于清。携黄山,揽九华,临太平,望桃花。四顾环山,三溪并流。茂林修竹,千峰竞翠。山有脉,     

2013年全球润滑剂需求现状及2023年预测

<正>Kline咨询公司预计,2023年前全球润滑剂需求(含工艺油)增长率为1.4%/a,到2023年时需求量达到45.5Mt,而2013年为39.5Mt。2013年,Shell公司仍然是全球成品润滑油最大供应商,其次为ExxonMobil,BP,Total,Chevron,PetroChina,Sinopec,Idemitsu,Lukoil,Fuchs等公司,以上10家供应量占全球50%以上。排名11到20的供应商为为JX Holdings,Petronas,Valvoline,Gulf Oil International,Pertamina,Gazpromneft,Phillips 66,Indian     

随感录

1.挨了打,才知道自己是谁的人,是可怜的;挨了打,还糊里糊涂的人,是可悲的. 2.得饶人处且饶人,对人,是怜悯,对己,是修福;对兽,是放纵,对己,是积灾.     

爬楼

有一对兄弟,他们的家住在80层楼上。有一天他们外出旅行回家,发现大楼停电了!虽然他们背着大包的行李,但看来没有什么别的选择,于是哥哥对弟弟说,我们就爬楼梯上去。于是,他们背着两大包行李开始爬楼梯。爬到20楼的时候他们开始累了,哥哥说"包包太重了,不如这样吧,我们把包包放在这里,等来电后坐电梯来拿。"于是,他们把行李放在了20楼,轻松多了,继续向上爬。他们有说有笑地往上爬,但是好景不长     

安塞油田抗洪记

百年一遇的强降雨见证了长庆油田人的英勇和顽强,更见证了"艰苦创业、勇攀高峰"的好汉坡精神。盛暑延安,暴雨连降,百年不遇。革命圣地突发洪灾,民房倒塌,人员伤亡,农田损毁,河坝告急……长庆油田采油一厂所在的安塞油田损失巨大,井场水淹,管线悬空,设备倾倒,道路冲毁……     

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【投稿网站】网址:www.gwytgc,com.cn,www.syshjn,com,谢绝其他途径投稿。【投稿咨询】E-mail:youtianjieneng@163.com,gwgc@petrochina.com.cn电话:0459-5392435/5902329/5902335【投稿细则】1.文章要具有科学性、创新性、实用性,选题新颖,主题明确,论证充分合理,数据齐全可靠,结论正确,思维和行文符合逻辑.层次清楚,表达准确.文字简炼,符合国家有关部门和本行业的保密规定。引用     

高压电脉冲处理油层技术研究与应用

电脉冲技术消化和发展了前苏联的放电技术,部分关键技术有所创新,它将大容量高电压储能器积蓄的能量释放,形成频带较宽的巨大的脉冲波,作用于近井地层,并产生空化作用,将地层孔道中的堵塞物清除,造成微裂缝,从而改善油层近井地带的渗透性。经过现场应用,证明该技术可以有效地解除地层近井地带污染,达到增产增注的目的,而且投资少,见效快,施工简单,效益高。     

吉林乙醇的东台实践

黄海之滨,东台之东,苏北弶京港镇.沧海桑田,200年前,现在的谅港还是一湾海水.随着潮涨潮落,积沙淤泥,滩涂增高,海岸线逐年东移.直到现在,这块新中国最年轻的陆地,还在以每年150米的速度向外扩张.     

京郊运河畔 古镇樱桃红

离开喧嚣的都市,亲近美丽的自然,捎带思想的行囊,一路欢乐的海洋,拥抱纯净的心情,采撷自然天堂里的灿烂。——题引跨出北京的东大门,沿着京杭大运河,在6月的一个清晨,我们以最阳光的心情,去寻觅仙境似的樱桃园—西集古镇樱桃园。夏日的运河畔,绿柳成荫,水光潋滟,河面泛着金色的灿烂,充满了诱惑。驻足河边杨柳岸,看美丽在阶前流淌,听     

给劳务工一个温馨的“家”

目前,在中国石化宿迁石油分公司100余座加油站的现有918名员工中,劳务工有833人,占加油站员工总数的90．7％。然而,由于历史原因,劳务工在某些待遇上与正式工存在很大差距,而且职业发展通道不畅通,同工不同酬现象比较突出,加之基层岗位工作环境差、劳动强度大,从而导致劳务工积极性不高,工作稳定性不强,缺乏主动服务意识,只有危机感,没有归属感,辞职或跳槽现象频繁发生,使企业经营工作受到影响,窗口服务水平难以提升。     

在PC Cluster机群中实现批量常规地震资料数据处理

LinuxPC服务器的磁带I/O能力较差,数据传输也受到网络带宽的限制,在大规模地震数据处理中存在严重的瓶颈。本文通过对PC机群的体系结构的分析,结合OMEGA应用软件用于常规处理的实际需求,从配置外置盘阵、磁带机,连接自动带库,合并多块磁盘成一个大卷,增加网络接口以提高传输带宽等多方面介绍了PC机群整体性能的技术改进过程,以满足常规地震数据处理的需要。     

超微粒子的合成及其应用

本文综述了超微粒子的合成方法和应用。着重叙述了超微粒子在催化、生物、医学、记录材料、传感材料等方面的应用。     

Determination of water-soluble vitamins in energy and sport drinks by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

A method for the determination of water-soluble vitamins in several energy and sport drinks by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) has been developed in this work. The separation of vitamins was studied in terms of background electrolyte composition (borate content, pH, surfactant type and content) and in other MEKC parameters. A study of the possible compounds found in the vitamin-enriched drinks that could interfere in vitamin determination was also performed, and a modified procedure with enhanced resolution was developed. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of water-soluble vitamins in a variety of energy and sport drinks and also in fruit nectars. The method implies minimal sample preparation and reagent consumption, being environmentally sustainable. Thus, the proposed methodology could be useful for quality control purposes in the soft drink industry.     

Mass spectrometry quantification of beef and pork meat in highly processed food: Application on Bolognese sauce

Food frauds have become a very important issue in the field of food quality and safety. The risk of food adulteration is higher in highly processed food and mainly affects high added value foodstuff. The methods currently available to face this issue, PCR and ELISA, are very sensitive and specific, but they have some limitations. In the present work, tandem mass spectrometry is presented as an emerging approach to detect beef and pork meat in very complex and highly processed food matrices, such as Bolognese sauce, both in qualitative than in quantitative way. The detection is achieved using two different marker peptides, specific for beef and pork meat, both deriving from α2-collagen chain. Then, a calibration curve is set up using real sauces made by different percentages of pork and beef meat in a working range from 0 to 100%. The method here developed allows to quantify beef and pork meat in a complex product such as Bolognese sauce.     

煤基活性炭催化预氧化的工艺研究

研究了不同原料的选取,升温速度的控制以及太西煤的催化氧化改性等因素对于炭化物结构的影响。活化后得到的活性炭的碘值、四氯化碳值均增大,吸附性增强。     

Determination of methenamine residues in edible animal tissues by HPLC-MS/MS using a modified QuEChERS method: Validation and pilot survey in actual samples

A modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was developed for the determination of methenamine in edible animal tissues by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and cleaned with anhydrous sodium sulfate and primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent. An isotope dilution mass spectrometry technique was applied to compensate for matrix effect. The separation was performed on a HILIC column, and the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-0.1% of formic acid and 5.0 mmol/L of ammonium acetate in water. The method showed a linear relationship in the range of 1.0–20.0 μg/L for methenamine, and the determination coefficients (R²) ranged from 0.9939 to 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for methenamine in animal tissues sample was 1.5 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries were 86.7–109.5% at spiked levels of 5.0, 25.0, 100.0 μg/kg. The intra-day precision ranged from 2.6 to 7.0%, and the inter-day precision ranged from 4.9 to 11.3%. The validated method was successfully applied to determination of methenamine in swinish muscle, kidney and liver.     

Development and in-house validation of a competitive ELISA for the quantitative detection of gluten in food

Wheat gluten contains peptide sequences, which activate specific T cells causing a chronic inflammation of the small intestine in celiac disease patients. It is well established that next to wheat gluten, the gluten-like proteins in barley and rye are similarly harmful to celiac disease patients whereas oat is generally considered safe. This study focuses on the development of an ELISA method for the detection of native and processed gluten proteins. The developed test utilizes a monoclonal antibody specific for the DQ2.5-glia-α3 T cell epitope present in the α-gliadins, which are part of wheat gluten that triggers celiac disease. The developed competitive ELISA uses a synthetic DQ2.5-glia-α3 peptide standard for calibration. The conversion from the measured DQ2.5-glia-α3 peptide concentration to gliadin content is achieved by using the experimentally determined multiplication factor of 250. The gluten content can be then calculated by multiplying the gliadin concentration by a factor of 2. A simple sample preparation method with 60% ethanol is used to extract the disease-causing proteins from cereals and processed foods. The assay was found to be specific for the detection of gluten from wheat, barley and rye with no cross-reaction with 8 tested oat varieties. The LOD and LOQ for gliadin were calculated based on the results obtained for 60 blank oats samples and they were 2.9 and 3.6 ppm, respectively. The assay could detect as little as 0.01% wheat gluten and gluten-like proteins from rye and barley in oats. The ELISA was also found to be applicable to the analysis of a range of processed food such as sauces, beers, soups and bread. In conclusion, the developed assay is a sensitive, specific and cost-effective tool for screening cereals and processed foods for the presence of harmful wheat gluten and gluten-like proteins from barley and rye.     

Uncovering a challenging case of adulterated commercial saffron

The analytical approach presented uncovers the type of adulteration of a commercial product labeled as “saffron”, sold packed in powder form in a major consuming country. Simple colorimetric and spectrometric tests included in the ISO 3632 trade standard indicated only that it was not “pure saffron”. The TLC and HPLC methods recommended in the same standard for the detection of artificial colorants were not applicable due to limited sample amount available. Since it could not be precluded that substances other than artificial colorants have been used, deeper investigation through metabolic fingerprinting was necessary to uncover chemical composition of the sample. The multistep workflow that exploited chromatographic (HPLC) and spectroscopic (UV–Vis, mid-infrared (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)) data from in-house databases uncovered a “tailor-made” case of 100% substitution of saffron by a mixture of exogenous chemical compounds in such a way that the commercial product would approximately mimic not only the appearance of saffron but also its UV–Vis spectrum and specific absorbance values. The findings indicated a sophisticated practice, including total substitution of saffron constituents by tartrazine and sunset yellow along with propane-1,2-diol, propan-2-ol and acylglycerols, probably as emulsifier agents. Interestingly, the perpetrators avoided the use of toxic compounds. To our knowledge such a type of fraud has not been elucidated so far.     

The effects of oxygenation aeration treatment on dissipation behaviors of tricaine mesylate in carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle and water

Tricaine mesylate (MS-222) is one of the most used anesthetics in fish. It can be absorbed by the human body via food consumption, with related detriments to human health. In this study, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of MS-222 in carp muscle and water samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For cleanup procedure, multiplug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) method with n-Hexane delipidation was adopted. The extraction solvent, cleanup methods and sorbents were optimized. All method validation parameters were in the acceptable range. The dissipation behavior study was followed by the method development. Firstly, the anesthesia dose and time were optimized in application study. Secondly, carps were revived for different period of time with (experimental group) and without (control group) the oxygenation aeration treatment to compare the dissipation rate of MS-222. After being anesthetized for 6 h at 50 mg/L and 12 h of elimination, the concentrations of MS-222 in crap muscle and water of experimental group was lower than those of control group. After 36 h of elimination under oxygenation aeration, over 90% of MS-222 was dissipated in carp muscle. The results showed that the half-life of MS-222 in carp muscle was 6.2 h. The findings suggested that the commonly-used oxygenation aeration treatment in aquaculture production had potential effects in accelerating the dissipation of MS-222 in carp and water. In this study, three days of withdrawal period was recommended in carps after MS-222 administration under oxygenation aeration.     

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from an integrated broiler chicken supply chain in Qingdao,China

The present study analyzed the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella along an integrated broiler chicken supply chain. A total of 172 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 1148 samples collected from four sample sources (breeder farms, broiler farms, abattoir, and retail markets), representing nine production stages. These Salmonella isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 different antimicrobial agents using a disk diffusion assay. Among them, 168 were identified as six different serotypes of Salmonella enterica. The predominant serotype was S. Enteritidis (n = 116), followed by S. Infantis (n = 18), S. Gueuletapee (n = 16), S. Derby (n = 12), S. Meleagridis (n = 4), and S. London (n = 2). The remaining four isolates were serogroup-untypeable. A majority of the 172 isolates (96.51%) was resistant to one or more antibiotics and 61.05% of the Salmonella isolates showed a multidrug resistance phenotype. Statistical analysis indicated the one risk product stage for Salmonella contamination occurred in the sample source at the abattoir, specifically the stage of Carcasses after chilling. The majority of S. Enteritidis isolates shared the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) cluster, suggesting that the S. Enteritidis strain might spread along the broiler chicken supply chain. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in different production stages suggest the importance of controlling Salmonella in the broiler chicken supply chain for public health, underlying the need for improved measures of reducing carcass contamination in abattoirs and the appropriate use of antimicrobials in broiler flocks.