SV40增强子在bGH转基因鼠体内对真核菌基因转录效率的影响

把ＳＶ４０的增强子序列以紧邻（ｐＳＶＣＡＴＬＢＧＨ）和相距２．３ｋｂ的距离克隆到小鼠金属疏基组氨酸三甲内盐基因（ＭＴ－Ｉ）启动子的上游，用以研究了在体内（ｉｎ ｖｉｖｕ）环境下原核基因的增强子对真核基因转录调控的影响，以及增强子与启动子的距离对增强子增强转录效率的影响。在建立ｐＳＶＣＡＴＢＧＨ和ｐＳＶ２ＬＢＧＨ两种转基因结构的不同种系在转基因鼠后，通过分析了ＩＣＲ、ＫＢ（昆明白）和Ｃ５７ＢＬ３种种     

BGH转基因小鼠的建立及其特性研究

把小鼠的金属巯基组氨酸三甲内盐基因（ＭＴ－Ｉ）的启动子与牛生长激素（ｂＧＨ）基因组ＤＮＡ重组，再以紧邻和相差２．３ｋｂ的距离两种式与猴空泡病毒（ＳＶ４０）的增强子融合；还有一种的把免疫球蛋白的启动子和增强子与不含内含子的牛生长激素基因融合。把上述３种的重组子显微注射到ＩＣＲ、昆明白（ＫＢ）和Ｃ５７ＢＬ３种品种系供体鼠受精卵中，接着移植到昆明白假孕受体的输卵管，其培育出１１６只Ｆ０代鼠和３种品系供体     

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂cDNA在BHK21细胞中的表达

将组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）基因ｃＤＮＡ经多次亚克隆插入到真核表达载体ｐＳＶＬ的ＳＶ４０启动子和ｐｃＤＮＡ３的ＣＭＶ启动子下游,构建了重组表达质粒ｐＳＶＬ－ｔＰＡ和ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｔＰＡ。分别将这２种表达质粒以脂质体载体法转染ＢＨＫ２１细胞,ＥＬＩＳＡ检测结果表明,ｐＳＶＬ－ｔＰＡ和ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｔＰＡ在哺乳动物细胞中能够表达,７２ｈ表达量分别是５２．８μｇ／Ｌ和７０．４μｇ／Ｌ。     

伪狂犬病病毒糖蛋白gp50基因的克隆和表达

从包含伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）闽Ａ株ＢａｍＨＩ－７片段的重组质粒ｐＰＲ１２８中分离出含有完整糖蛋白ｇｐ５０基因的２．１ｋｂＤＮＡ片段，用ＫｐｎＩ和ＳｔｕＩ酶切后，将其酶切片段分别克隆到ｐＵＣ１９载体中，构建了２．１ｋｂ片段完整测序用质粒。对其序列进行分析，发现与文献报道结果一致，证明分离的ｇｐ５０基因是正确的。将包含ｇｐ５０基因的２．１ｋｂ和１．６ｋｂＤＮＡ片段分别插入带有痘苗病毒天坛株ＴＫ基因区段的ｐＧＪＰ－５质粒Ｐ７．５启动子的下游，构建了ｐＧＢＴ５０－３６和ｐＧＢＴ５０－Ｓ２２个嵌合载体。将嵌合载体通过磷酸钙共沉淀法转染预先感染ＴＫ＋痘苗病毒天坛株的人ＴＫ－１４３细胞或ＣＶ－１细胞，进行体内同源重组。经蚀斑纯化，在ＢｄＵＲ选择压力下，通过光敏生物素标记的探针杂交，获得带有ＰＲＶｇｐ５０基因的重组痘苗病毒。用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测，重组痘苗病毒有特异性ＰＲＶｇｐ５０抗原存在。     

人尿激酶原乳腺定位转基因小鼠的建立

人尿激酶原乳腺定位转基因小鼠的建立我们从已构建的人尿激酶原（Ｐｒｏ－ＵＫ）乳腺定位表达载体ｐＳＶＬ－β－Ｐｒｏ－ＵＫ中用ＳａｃＩ＋ＸｈｏＩ回收２．５ｋｂ的大鼠β－乳酪蛋白的启动子及Ｐｒｏ－ＵＫ片段，从ｐＳＶＫ３质粒中用ＳａｃＩ＋ＢａｍＨＩ回收ＳＶ４０...     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白基因在原核细胞中的表达

将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白（ＲＶｇｐ）基因ＢｇｌⅡ片段（１６７５ｂｐ）分别正向插入到原核高效表达载体ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ和ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ２（用ＳａｃⅠ－ＮｄｅⅠ缺失掉ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ６０ｂｐ含起始密码子ＡＴＧ小片段）的ＢａｍＨⅠ切点，构建重组质粒ｐＥＴ－１７ｂＲＶｇｐ和ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ２ＲＶｇｐ。将其分别转化表达受体菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）和Ｅ，ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）ｐｌｙｓＳ．ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达，菌体经超声波裂解处理后ＳＤＳ－ｐＡＧＥ，染色，在分子量约６００００处可见重组质粒表达的较宽的蛋白带，以抗ＲＶｇｐＭｃＡｂ进行Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ检测，表明该表达蛋白为ＲＶｇｐ。通过扫描显示，表达的ＲＶｇｐ占菌体总蛋白的１０％～１４％，其中ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ２ＲＶｇｐ在Ｅ。ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中的表达量最高。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株VP2基因高可变区酶切位点分析

参照澳大利亚鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ）００２７３ 毒株基因组序列设计的 １ 对引物,位于 Ｖ Ｐ２ 高可变区两端,通过 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ,扩增了 ５ 个 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ 山东分离株 Ｖ Ｐ２ 基因的 ６０７～１ ０８０ 位核苷酸片段（ａａ２０３～３０６）。 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 产物经纯化后,分别用 Ｄｒａ Ⅰ、 Ｓａｃ Ⅰ、 Ｓｓｐ Ⅰ、 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ和 Ｓａｕ３ Ａ Ｉ共 ５ 种限制性内切酶（ Ｒ Ｅ）进行消化处理,结果 ５ 个分离株均为 Ｄｒａ Ⅰ（－ ）、 Ｓａｃ Ⅰ（－ ）和 Ｓａｕ ３ Ａ Ｉ（＋ ）, Ｌ Ｃ２ 和 Ｔ Ａ 株为 Ｓｓｐ Ⅰ（＋ ）, Ｌ Ｃ１ 和 Ｊ Ｎ 株为 Ｓｓｐ Ⅰ（－ ）, Ｌ Ｃ１ 和 Ｌ Ｃ２ 株为 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ（＋ ）, Ｊ Ｎ、 Ｌ Ｌ 和 Ｔ Ａ 株为 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ（－ ）;５ 个分离株的酶切图谱与美国变异株迥异,而 Ｔ Ａ 株与日本超强毒株 ９０１１ 相类似。５ 个分离株与现用疫苗株对比,至少在 Ｖ Ｐ２ 可变区内存在着一定的差异,这可能是 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ 接种免疫鸡群仍然暴发 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ 的原因之一。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒tk基因的克隆

根据牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒ＬＡ株的物理图谱及Ｃｏｐｅｒ株和ＬＡ标ｔｋ基因在基因组中的定位，将ＬＡ株ＤＮＡ ＨｉｎｄⅢＡ片段中的ＳａｌＩ－ＳａｌＩ亚片段、ＢｇｌⅢ－ＳａｌＩ双酶切亚片段分别克隆到载体质粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔＳＫ中，筛选出３个重组质粒ｐ＾ｔｋ－１，Ｐｔｋ－２和Ｐｔｋ－３，其外源片段大小分别为２．７ｋｂ，１．１ｋｂ和１．６ｋｂ。经酶切分析及同源核酸探针杂交试验表明，２．７ｋｂ ＳａｌＩ－     

猪生殖-呼吸道综合征病毒CH-1_株N基因的原核表达

将ＰＲＲＳＶＣＨ１ａ株Ｎ基因用ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＰｓｔＩ双酶切从重组质粒ｐＵＣ１８ＯＲＦ７切下后，插入到原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０的ＰＲ、ＰＬ启动子下游，得到重组表达质粒ｐＢＶ２２０ＯＲＦ７。转化了ｐＢＶ２２０ＯＲＦ７的大肠杆菌ＪＭ８３经诱导培养后，用ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测表达产物。结果表明ＰＲＲＳＶＣＨ１ａ株的Ｎ基因在原核载体上得到高效表达，表达产物占菌体总蛋白的１５３％。表达蛋白可望成为有价值的ＰＲＲＳ诊断抗原。     

传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因DNA免疫质粒的构建及其免疫原性

为探讨ＤＮＡ免疫防制传染性支气管炎（ＩＢ）的可能性，以克隆的Ｍａｓｓｃｈｕｓｅｔｅ型类Ｍ４１地方分离ＱＤ株Ｓ１基因为免疫原基因，引入终止密码后插入ＳＶ４０启动子、增强子下游和ＳＶ４０ｐｏｌｙＡ信号上游，构建了Ｓ１基因ＤＮＡ免疫表达质粒ｐＳＶＱＤＳ１。将大量扩增并经聚乙二醇纯化的ｐＳＶＱＤＳ１溶于ＰＢＳ，以３００μｇ／只的剂量肌肉注射免疫小鼠，于４周后采集分离免疫小鼠血清进行鸡胚病毒中和试验。结果表明，ｐＳＶＱＤＳ１能够诱导产生针对传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）Ｍ４１株的中和抗体，具有良好的免疫原性。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.