多种维生素婴儿全脂甜奶粉研究报告

一、研究多种维生素婴儿全脂甜奶粉动机及全脂甜奶粉需强化原因加糖全脂甜奶粉为40年代盛兴产品,以后由于营养成分不适应婴儿需要,国外已逐渐淘汰,由婴儿奶粉所取代。例如:日本婴儿奶粉生产由47年22吨上升至63年37367吨,全脂奶粉由47年2237吨下降至63年以后,已减至最低水平。全脂奶粉除了在成分与人乳有距离外,更重要的是缺乏维生素,尤其是C、D。     

中老年奶粉及营养成分的分析

本文对中老年奶粉配方设计原则进行论述,并对中老年奶粉营养成分进行分析,其分析结果:氨基酸、脂肪酸、维生素、矿物盐及微量元素含量均高于全脂甜奶粉。     

中老年奶粉的研究

对中老年奶粉配方设计原则进行论述，并对中老年奶粉营养成分进行分析，其分析结果；氨基酸，脂肪酸，维生素，矿物盐及向量元素含量均高于全脂甜奶粉。     

控制喷雾干燥器废气中逸出的奶粉

在干燥脱脂奶粉时,喷雾干燥器废气中奶粉的损失占设备处理量的0.5％,生产全脂奶粉(或添加脂肪的奶粉)其损失量小于0.1％。有些生产脱脂奶粉的大型喷雾干燥设备,其每小时损耗量达到25公斤奶粉之多。这些损耗的奶粉污染大气,并占污热     

我国婴儿配方奶粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ发展历史简要回顾及其内在质量的分析

一、我国婴儿配方奶粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ Ⅲ发展历史简要回顾 解放初期我国只有全脂奶粉和全脂加糖奶粉。二十世纪七十年代(即1976年)轻工业部将研制“婴儿奶粉Ⅰ”的任务下达给黑龙江省乳品工业研究所。当时在全脂奶粉和全脂加糖奶粉的基础上研究已定名为“婴儿奶     

有机锗在乳品工业上的应用──《富锗奶粉》研究报告（部分）

有机锗在乳品工业上的应用──《富锗奶粉》研究报告（部分）黑龙江省林甸乳制品厂李维国，刘树民一、前言随着我国乳品工业的发展，乳制品系列品种不断增加，到目前有全脂奶粉、生脂甜奶粉、脱脂奶粉、强化奶粉、婴儿配方奶粉（Ⅰ）、（Ⅱ）、牛奶豆乳粉、乳饮料等。大部...     

乳业时讯

春节前,国家质量监督检验检疫总局公布了2004年度劣质奶粉生产企业"黑名单",12家企业及其不合格产品被曝光。这12家企业及其不合格产品分别是:内蒙古通辽珠日河蒙兴乳业食品有限公司:小牧人全脂甜奶粉、小牧人学生奶粉、小牧人中老年高钙奶粉、小牧人中老年低脂无糖奶粉、小牧人     

掺豆浆制作的奶粉检验方法探讨

某市乳品厂于宁销售的全脂奶粉,群众购用后,反映色泽较黄,冲调时见杂质较多。经取样验证,蔗糖含量为24.5%,与全脂奶粉、全脂甜奶粉名称不相符合外,当检验杂质度时,滤液难于通过滤板,且滤板上附着沉淀物迅即凝结。将该奶粉按浓缩比例还原为牛乳,以3000转/分离心,取沉淀物镜检,见视野内有较多黄色细小颗粒,与对     

乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC-80和WPC-34)对酸奶品质特性影响的研究

酸奶的生产主要以鲜奶、奶粉、乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)等乳成分为主要原料，原料的选择直接影响到酸奶的品质。本文对乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC-80和WPC-34)代替部分全脂奶粉和脱脂奶粉生产酸奶时，对产品的保水性、粘度、口感及组织状态进行了比较分析。结果表明WPC-80和WPC-34代替10％-20％全脂奶粉和脱脂奶粉生产酸奶时，可改善酸奶的品质，提高酸奶的保水性。     

大豆全脂营养奶粉的探讨

对大豆全脂营养奶粉配方设计原则进行论述,并对大豆全脂营养奶粉营养成分进行分析,其分析结果：氨基酸、脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质及微量元素含量均高于全脂甜奶粉。     

Application of whey protein emulsion gel microparticles as fat replacers in low-fat yogurt: Applicability of vegetable oil as the oil phase

Low-fat, healthy yogurt is becoming increasingly favored by consumers. In the present study, whey protein emulsion gel microparticles were used to improve the quality of low-fat yogurt, and the effects of vegetable oil emulsion gel as a fat substitute on the qualities of low-fat yogurt were investigated, expecting to obtain healthier and even more excellent quality low-fat yogurt by applying a new method. First, emulsion gel microparticles were prepared, and then particle size distribution of emulsion gel and water holding capacity (WHC), textural properties, rheological properties, microstructure, storage stability, and sensory evaluation of yogurt were carried out. The results showed that yogurt with emulsion gel had significantly superior qualities than yogurt made with skim milk powder, with better WHC, textural properties, rheological properties, and storage stability. The average particle size of whey protein-vegetable oil emulsion gel microparticles was significantly larger than that of whey protein-milk fat emulsion gel microparticles, and the larger particle size affected the structural stability of yogurt. The WHC of yogurt made with whey protein-vegetable oil emulsion gel microparticles (V-EY) was lower (40.41%) than that of yogurt made with whey protein-milk fat emulsion gel microparticles (M-EY; 42.81%), and the texture results also showed that the hardness, consistency, and viscosity index of V-EY were inferior to these of M-EY, whereas no significant differences were found in the cohesiveness. Interestingly, the microstructure of V-EY was relatively flatter, with more and finer network branching. The whey separation between V-EY and M-EY also did not show significant differences during the 14 d of storage. Compared with yogurt made with whey protein, vegetable oil, and skim milk powder, the structure of V-EY remained relatively stable and had no cracks after 14 d of storage. The sensory evaluation results found that the total score of V-EY (62) was only lower than M-EY (65) and significantly higher than that of yogurt made with skim milk powder. The emulsion gel addition improved the sensory qualities of yogurt. Whey protein emulsion gel microparticles prepared from vegetable oil can be applied to low-fat yogurt to replace fat and improve texture and sensory defects associated with fat reduction.     

不同热处理脱脂乳粉对褐色乳酸菌饮料稳定性的影响

比较了不同热处理脱脂乳粉的理化性质,并将其应用于褐色乳酸菌饮料生产,以鲜制脱脂乳为对照,探讨了不同脱脂乳原料以及褐色乳酸菌饮料生产工艺对饮料稳定性的影响。结果表明:不同热处理脱脂乳粉的蛋白质、脂肪、水分含量以及乳酸度均无显著差异(P>0.05);但其乳化性、起泡性及乳清蛋白氮指数存在显著差异(P<0.05),随着乳粉受热程度增加,其乳化性、起泡性及稳定性下降。在饮料生产过程中,使用中温脱脂乳粉更有利于保持饮料的稳定性,而以高温、低温乳粉以及鲜制脱脂乳为原料的饮料稳定性欠佳;高温褐变使脱脂乳粒径、离心沉淀率增大,zeta电位降低,产品稳定性下降;均质处理及配料定容后稳定性提高。研究旨在为褐色乳酸菌饮料生产中有效地提高产品的稳定性提供技术参考。     

Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in ultrafiltered milk as related to the effect of different milk components

Pasteurization parameters for grade A milk are well established and set by regulation. However, as solids levels increase, an increased amount of heat is required to destroy any pathogens present. This effect is not well characterized. In this work, the effect of increased dairy solids levels on the thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes was examined through the use of ultrafiltered (UF) milk, reconstituted milk powder, and the milk components lactose and caseinate. From the results obtained, lactose and caseinate did not appear to affect thermal resistance. In addition, the level of milk fat, up to 10% of the total solids in UF whole milk, did not result in statistically significant changes to thermal resistance when compared with UF skim milk. Reconstituted skim milk powder at 27% total solids (D?2-value = 1.16 ± 0.2 [SD] min, z = 5.7) did result in increased thermal resistance, as compared with reconstituted skim milk powder at 17.5% (D?2-value = 0.86 ± 0.02 min, z = 5.57) and UF whole milk at 27% total solids (D?2-value = 0.66 ± 0.07 min, z = 5.16). However, that increase appeared to be due to the increase in salt levels, not to increases in caseinate, fat, or lactose. Consequently, total solids, as a single measure, could not be used to predict increased thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes in concentrated milk.     

我国市售婴儿配方乳粉油脂配料使用情况分析

目的:了解我国市售婴儿配方乳粉的油脂配料使用情况及脂肪酸提供情况,为提升婴儿配方乳粉的营养水平及制定产品相关标准提供参考。方法:多渠道收集婴儿配方乳粉标签信息,统计分析油脂配料的种类、组合、最高添加量构成比及标识含量,比较全脂乳产品与脱脂乳产品、牛乳基产品与羊乳基产品、高必需脂肪酸产品与全部产品间的差异。均数和率的比较分别采用t检验和卡方检验。结果:共纳入269个婴儿配方乳粉。配料表分析显示,85%的产品使用了4种及以上的油脂配料,葵花籽油和椰子油在全部产品中的添加率最高,分别为88%、76%。牛、羊乳基配方粉的油脂配料使用情况存在差异,牛乳基配方粉中脂肪、亚油酸及α-亚麻酸的标识含量略高于羊乳基配方粉(P<0.05)。脱脂乳配方粉中,棕榈油添加率为32%,显著高于全脂乳产品(P<0.05)。44例使用了棕榈油的产品中仅有4例强化了1,3-二油酸2-棕榈酸甘油三酯。结论:牛、羊乳基配方粉中的必需脂肪酸标识含量基本一致。现市售婴儿配方乳粉以多种油脂组合使用的方式,以尽可能模拟母乳脂肪酸模式,但有些油脂类原料使用的科学性还有待进一步研究。     

An alternative process for the manufacture of whole milk powder

The traditional process of manufacturing whole milk powder has some negative aspects: high heat treatment of the milk and, owing to fouling during evaporation, loss of product. To reduce these negative aspects an alternative way of producing whole milk powder was investigated in pilot-plant experiments. Milk was first separated into skim milk and cream and then treated further. Skim milk was subjected to a low heat treatment and concentrated by evaporation. The cream was subjected to a high heat treatment and mixed with the concentrated skim milk. The standardized whole milk concentrate was then spray dried. This process of manufacturing whole milk powder compared favourably with the traditional process with respect to product losses, the physical properties of the whole milk powder and the flavour of the reconstituted milk.     

Effect of temperature of CO2 injection on the pH and freezing point of milks and creams

The objectives of this study were to measure the impact of CO2 injection temperature (0 degree C and 40 degrees C) on the pH and freezing point (FP) of (a) milks with different fat contents (i.e., 0, 15, 30%) and (b) creams with 15% fat but different fat characteristics. Skim milk and unhomogenized creams containing 15 and 30% fat were prepared from the same batch of whole milk and were carbonated at 0 and 40 degrees C in a continuous flow CO2 injection unit (230 ml/min). At 0 degree C, milk fat was mostly solid; at 40 degrees C, milk fat was liquid. At the same total CO2 concentration with CO2 injection at 0 degree C, milk with a higher fat content had a lower pH and FP, while with CO2 injection at 40 degrees C, milks with 0%, 15%, and 30% fat had the same pH. This indicated that less CO2 was dissolved in the fat portion of the milk when the CO2 was injected at 0 degree C than when it was injected at 40 degrees C. Three creams, 15% unhomogenized cream, 15% butter oil emulsion in skim milk, and 15% vegetable oil emulsion in skim milk were also carbonated and analyzed as described above. Vegetable oil was liquid at both 0 and 40 degrees C. At a CO2 injection temperature of 0 degree C, the 15% vegetable oil emulsion had a slightly higher pH than the 15% butter oil emulsion and the 15% unhomogenized cream, indicating that the liquid vegetable oil dissolved more CO2 than the mostly solid milk fat and butter oil. No difference in the pH or FP of the 15% unhomogenized cream and 15% butter oil emulsion was observed when CO2 was injected at 0 degree C, suggesting that homogenization or physical dispersion of milk fat globules did not influence the amount of CO2 dissolved in milk fat at a CO2 injection temperature of 0 degree C. At a CO2 injection temperature of 40 degrees C and at the same total CO2 concentration, the 15% unhomogenized cream, 15% vegetable oil emulsion, and 15% butter oil emulsion had similar pH. At the same total concentration of CO2 in cream, injection of CO2 at low temperature (i.e., < 4 degrees C) may produce a better antimicrobial effect during refrigerated shelf life due to the higher concentration of CO2 in the skim portion of the cream.     

天然减肥蔬菜汁乳饮料的研制

以黄瓜、冬瓜、脱脂奶粉、魔芋精粉为主要原料研制天然减肥蔬菜汁乳饮料。将黄瓜、冬瓜制汁后调配,经实验得出最佳配比为:黄瓜汁20％、冬瓜汁10％、脱脂奶粉5％、魔芋精粉0．1％。     

中老年保健酸奶的研究

针对中老年人的生理特点及营养需要,以脱脂鲜奶、奶粉、低聚果糖、AD粉、铁锌粉及钙粉等为主要原料,对AD粉、铁锌粉、钙粉等营养强化剂的补充,依据中国营养学会每日推荐膳食量中,关于中老年各营养成分用量来确定。其中规定,VA5000IU/d,VD400IU/d,低聚果糖3～8g/d,可溶性钙摄入量1000mg/d。应用正交试验法,对奶粉、蔗糖、酸奶稳定剂的添加量进行了探讨。通过对产品综合评分,选出最佳配料及工艺条件。得出最佳配方为:脱脂奶粉3%,低聚果糖1%,酸奶稳定剂0.1%,蔗糖5%,AD粉0.05%,铁锌粉0.05%,柠檬酸钙0.04%(均为质量分数)。     

果蔬复合凝固型酸牛奶的研制

从天然果蔬中精选大豆、胡萝卜、番茄、枸杞,制取果蔬汁,并按一定的工艺要求复配,经乳酸发酵后产生酸甜可口、风味独特、色泽宜人、营养丰富、老少皆宜的果蔬复合酸奶。同时对产品的稳定进行了研究,采用正交试验法筛选出最佳配方：豆奶25％、脱脂奶粉8．25％、胡萝卜汁30％、番茄汁8％、枸杞汁5％、白砂糖8％,以及0．1％的耐酸CMC－Na和0．2％的藻酸丙二醇（PGA）。     

Ultra-high pressure homogenization-induced changes in skim milk: impact on acid coagulation properties

The effects of ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH) on skim milk yogurt making properties were investigated. UHPH-treated milk was compared with conventionally homogenised (15 MPa) heat-treated skim milk (90 degrees C for 90 s), and to skim milk treated under the same thermal conditions but fortified with 3% skim milk powder. Results of the present study showed that UHPH is capable of reducing skim milk particle size which leads to the formation of finer dispersions than those obtained by conventional homogenisation combined with heat treatment. In addition, results involving coagulation properties and yogurt characteristics reflected that, when increasing UHPH pressure conditions some parameters such as density of the gel, aggregation rate and water retention are improved.