镁微合金化对GH2036合金晶界沉淀的影响

采用电镜技术对镁ＧＨ２０３６合金晶界相进行了研究。结果表明，适量镁对晶界ＭＣ等相有细化，球化，还可促进块太ＭＣ向颗粒Ｍ２３Ｃ６转化，使合金晶界强化，从而显著提高持久寿命。     

K77合金的组织和性能研究

研究了Ｋ７７合金不同热处理状态对其组织和性能的影响，发现适当提高固溶温度可以提高合金的持久寿命。本试验中合金的性能均较美国Ｐｅｎｅ７７合金公布的力学性能高。还发现Ｋ７７合金具有较好的组织稳定性，主要表现在高温时效时γ间距λ及尺寸ａ变化不大，另外碳化物反应ＭＣ＋γ→Ｍ２３Ｃ６＋γ对合金有一定的增强作用，抑制了性能的下降。     

7Cr2WMoVSi钢热处理过程的碳化物的变化

本文研究了７Ｃｒ２ＷＭｏＶＳｉ钢热处理过程的碳化物的变化，结果表明，随退火温度降低，碳化物尺寸减小，７８０～８００℃退火获得均匀细化的球化组织；加热至９４０～９８０℃奥氏体化时，Ｍ３Ｃ，Ｍ２３Ｃ６已全部溶解，仍存在Ｍ６Ｃ和较多的ＶＣ剩余碳化物，有效地阻碍了奥氏体晶粒长大，随回火温度升高，按Ｍ３Ｃ，Ｍ２３Ｃ６，Ｍ６Ｃ，ＶＣ依次沉淀析出，各类碳化物的不同析出过程，提高了钢的回火抗力。     

Ni3Al基合金中碳化物的析出

ＴｉＣ，Ｃｒ２３Ｃ６是Ｔｉ强化的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ基合金析出的主要碳化物。Ｃｒ２３Ｃ６的析出倾向于与γ＇存在共格关系。９５０℃长时保温，发生ＴｉＣ－Ｍ２３Ｃ６＋γ＇转化。     

晶界富集元素和沉淀相对1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢性能的影响

富集于晶界的有害元素导致电渣重熔的１Ｃｒ１１Ｍ２Ｗ２ＭｏＶ钢韧性严重下降，它是该钢“６００℃；回火脆性”的主要诱因；颗粒细小、均布于基体和晶界的Ｍ＿（２３）Ｃ＿６沉淀相，使１Ｃｒ１１Ｍ２Ｗ２ＭｏＶ钢具有优良的抗点蚀、应力腐蚀和蠕变性能；反之，颗粒粗大的Ｍ＿（２３）Ｃ＿６晶界沉淀相会使该钢的上述性能严重下降。为此建议修改目前仍推荐的５４０～６００℃不合理的回火制度。     

HastelloyC型铸造镍基合金的析出相及其对合金腐蚀行为的影响EI

本文采用金相显微镜、Ｘ射线衍射、电子探针和透射电子显微镜相结合的方法，研究了耐“氧化－还原”，复合介质腐蚀的含Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、ｗ的ＨａｓｔｅｌｌｏｙＣ型铸造镍基合金中析出相的形态、成分、结构及形成条件。着重研究了析出相含Ｃｒ量和敏化时间对合金腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明，ＨａｓｔｅｌｌｏｙＣ型合金在８００～１２００℃范围内有ｐ相、μ相、Ｍ＿６Ｃ相及少量σ相析出，９００℃左右析出量相对少些。析出相数量越多，富Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ越严重，则合金的耐点蚀和晶间腐蚀性能越差。敏化时间延长，亦使合金耐点蚀和晶间腐蚀性能有所下降，但对合金的均匀腐蚀程度影响不大。     

快速凝固Ml（NiCoMnTi）5击剑锪组织结构与电化学性能

本文对比研究了快速凝固和常规熔铸Ｍｌ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）５合金的组织结构和电化学性能。ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ分析研究表明,冷却速度较慢的常规熔铸合金为粗大的树枝晶组织,合金中Ｍｎ偏析明显,并且有少量ＴｉＮｉ３第二相组成。但在冷却速度高达１０＾５－１０＾６Ｋｓ＾－１快速凝固条件下,合金的组织转变为细小的柱状晶,合金呈ＣａＣｕ相结构,并使Ｍｎ的成分偏析得到抑制。     

不同热处理对17-4PH钢过时效组织与性能的影响

观察研究了１７－４ＰＨ钢板条状马氏体和逆转变奥氏体的组织特征。固溶时间增长使粒状Ｍ２３Ｃ６的数量减少，尺寸增大，时效析出Ｍ２３Ｃ６的倾向增大，时间增长１ｈ，断裂强度和屈服强度分别降低３１５和６３ＭＰａ，冲击功降低８Ｊ；过时效处理温度增高，ε－Ｃｕ的尺寸增大，使强度和硬度降低，塑性和冲击韧性稍有增高。     

Ni3Al（IC—6）合金防护涂层抗氧化性能研究

Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金是一种新型高温合金，ＩＣ－６合金是不含Ｃｒ而含１４％Ｍｏ的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金。由于高温下Ｍｏ极易氧化升华，因此为使ＩＣ－６合金在高温下可靠工作，需选择ＮｉＣｒＡｌＸ涂层作为ＩＣ－６合金的保护涂层。     

Fe73.5Cu1Mo3Si13.5B9微晶软磁合金的结构及其对磁性的影响

对Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９微晶软磁合金的结构及其对合金磁性的影响了研究，结果表明，在最佳磁性能下，晶相点阵常数ａ＝０．２８４３ｎｍ，相当于Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）固溶体中含Ｓｉ％（ｍｏｌ／ｍｏｌ）：１８－２０，体积百分数Ｖ＝７４．８％，晶粒尺寸Ｄ＝１４．６ｎｍ；残余非晶层厚度δ＝１．２３ｎｍ；当Ｔ退火≥５６０℃时明显有Ｆｅ－Ｂ化合物析出。Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９合金的磁性不仅与     

Microstructure evolution and stress rupture properties of K4750 alloys with various B contents during long-term aging

The relationship among B content,microstructure evolution and stress rupture properties of K4750 alloy during long-term aging were investigated.After aging at 800 ℃ for 1000 h,the decomposition degree of MC carbides of K4750 alloys with 0B,0.007 wt.％ B and 0.010 wt.％ B were basically identical,which indicated that B has no inhibition on MC carbide decomposition during long-term aging.The MC carbide decomposition was accompanied by the formation of M23C6 carbides and a small number of η phases,which was controlled by the outward diffusion of C and Ti combined with the inward diffusion of Ni and Cr from the γ matrix.In addition,M23C6 carbides in boron-free alloy were in continuous chain and needle-like η phases were precipitated near them,while M23C6 carbides in boron-containing alloys remained in granular distribution and no η phases precipitation around them.Adding B could delay the agglomeration and coarsening of M23C6 carbides during long-term aging,which was because the segregation of B at grain boundary retarded the diffusion of alloy elements,thus weakened the local fluctuation of chemical composition near grain boundary.The stress rupture samples of K4750 alloys with various B contents after aging at 800 ℃ for 1000 h were tested at 750 ℃/380 MPa.The results indicated that the stress rupture properties of boron-containing alloys were significantly better than that of boron-free alloy,which could be attributed to the increase of grain boundary cohesion strength and the optimization of M23C6 carbide distribution due to the addition of B.     

Carbide Behavior during High Temperature Creep in DZ40M Co-base Superalloy

1.IntroductionDZ40MalloyisadirectionallysolidifiedCo-basesuperalloy,whichwaslatelydevelopedintheInstituteofMetalResearch,ChineseAcademy0fS.i....,[1].ComparedwiththeclassicX-40alloy,DZ4OMal-loypossessesahigherstrengthandahigherincipi-entmeltingpoiat.ServicetemperaturecanincreaJsebyabout450C[2].LikeotherC0-basesuperalloys,carbideisa1s0them0stimp0rtant"second"phaseinDZ40Mall0yandcanc0ntributesignificantlytostrengthening.Itisessentialt0understandcarbidebehaviourunderloadingathightemperatu…     

4Cr14Ni14W2Mo钢中的碳化物

本文研究了4Cr14Ni14W2Mo 钢中碳化物的性态,溶解和析出规律及其对性能的影响。指出,该钢中存在球形、立方体形和六方柱体形等多种形态碳化物,但均为 M_(2(?))C_6。较低温度时效析出的碳化物为立方体形,细小弥散,与基体共格,有明显强化作用。未溶碳化物和较高温度二次固溶后析出的碳化物多为球状和六方柱体形,尺寸较大,与基体不共格,强化作用有限。二次固溶沿晶界择优析出的粗大链状碳化物和时效沿晶析出的网状碳化物易导致沿晶断裂。     

Formation of Re-containing Carbides in a Second Generation Directionally Solidified Ni Base Superalloy

The precipitates at grain boundary in a directionally solidified Ni base superalloy after heat treatment, aging at 975℃, and creep rupture test have been characterized. Besides the primary MC carbides and fine particles of μ phase, the Re-containing M23C6 was observed. The precipitation kinetics revealed that the formation of M23C6 was associated with the dissolution of μ phase and MC carbides. TEM image shows that the continuous precipitation of M23C6 particles effectively hinders the dislocation movement ...     

Effect of Long-term Thermal Exposure on Microstructure and Stress Rupture Properties of GH3535 Superalloy

The evolution of microstructure and the stress rupture properties of long term thermally exposed GH3535 alloy have been investigated. It was found that M6 C carbides presented in the solid solution heat treated samples. During long term thermal exposure at 700 C, fine M12 C carbides precipitated preferentially at grain boundaries. These carbides coexisted with the pre-exiting M6 C. The stress rupture life of700 C/1000 h exposed sample under creep testing at 650 C/324 MPa is 93 h. It is much longer than that of the solid solution samples. No noticeable changes could be detected in both the microstructure and stress rupture lives when the samples were exposed for time longer than 1000 h M12 C carbides were found to be beneficial to the creep properties. The cracks initiated at the interface of M6 C carbides and matrix, which led to a lower creep rupture life.     

激光表面重熔对高速钢显微组织的影响

采用CO_2连续波激光对W18Cr4V高速钢进行表面重熔处理。分析结果表明,经激光重熔后高速钢的显微组织明显细化,重熔层内的相构成为马氏体、奥氏体,过剩的δ铁素体和M_6C、M_(23)C_6型碳化物。枝晶内为孪晶马氏体和部分板条马氏体。枝晶间为富合金元素的奥氏体和M_6C碳化物,孪晶马氏体上沿孪晶面有M_(23)C_6碳化物共格析出。激光扫描速度增加、δ铁素体量增多,重熔层显微硬度下降。     

Effect of Re content on precipitation behaviour of secondary phases in a single-crystal Ni-based superalloy during high-temperature thermal exposure

The precipitation of secondary phases in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys with different contents of Re are investigated using TEM and SEM. The results show that after full heat treatment, the size of secondary γ′ phase decreases gradually with increasing Re content. During long-term thermal exposure at 1093 °C, some needle-like and rod-like secondary phases precipitate from the γ matrix. With increasing Re content and prolonging of the thermal exposure, the amounts of precipitated phases clearly increase. In the alloy with 2·5 wt-% Re, the needle-like phases are identified as M₆C carbides. In the alloy with 3 wt-% Re, both M₆C carbides and μ phase are found. In the alloy with 3·5 wt% Re, the needle-like and rod-like precipitated phases are identified as μ and P phases. Stacking fault was found in the P phase and that part was identified as μ phase by SAD; that is, there is intergrowth of P and μ phases.     

Re对一种新型镍基高温合金组织稳定性的影响

为了解Re对一种新型镍基高温合金组织稳定性的影响,采用扫描电镜观察了合金经长期时效后的样品微观组织,并利用透射电镜分析长期时效后析出的新相.实验结果表明,质量分数为1%～4%Re的合金经热处理后,组织由γ相、γ’相和碳化物MC、M23C6组成,当Re含量达到4%时,晶内析出了针状的M23C6.经长期时效后,随Re含量增加,合金中γ'相长大速率下降,合金的组织稳定性恶化,900℃超过1 000 h时效的含4%Re合金中出现针状σ相.因此,所研究合金中Re的含量应低于4%.     

热处理回火温度对Cr26高铬铸铁组织与性能的影响

目前,有关淬火后回火温度对Cr26高铬铸铁组织及性能的研究报道不多。为此,采用XRD、OM、SEM、TEM和电子拉力试验机和洛式硬度计,研究了回火温度对Cr26高铬铸铁调质处理前后的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:调质处理前Cr26高铬铸铁中碳化物类型有M_7C_3、M_(23)C_6和M_3C_2;调质处理后Cr26高铬铸铁的显微组织得到明显改善,基体上弥散分布着细小的碳化物;抗拉强度和硬度值随回火温度的增加而降低,延伸率有所提高;回火温度为560℃左右时,抗拉强度、延伸率和硬度值分别为1 294 MPa、8.02%和38.6 HRC,有良好的力学性能。     

TEM study on precipitation and transformation of secondary carbides in 16Cr–1Mo–1Cu white iron subjected to subcritical treatment

High chromium white irons solidify with a substantially austenitic matrix supersaturated with chromium and carbon. The subcritical heat treatment can destabilize the austenite by precipitating chromium-rich secondary carbides and other special carbides. In the as-cast condition the eutectic carbides are (Fe,Cr)₇C₃ and (Fe_4.3Cr_2.5Mo_0.1)C₃. The initial secondary carbide precipitated is (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ after heat-treating at 853 K for 10 h. There are MoC, Fe₂MoC and -carbide precipitating, and (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ transforms to M₃C after 16 h at 853 K. The -carbide and (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ accomplish transformation to M₃C and the matrix changes from martensitic to pearlitic after 22 h at 853 K. Thereby, in the subcritical heat treatment process, the initial secondary carbide precipitated is (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆, followed by -carbide, MoC and Fe₂MoC. In addition, there are two in situ transformations from (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ and -carbide to M₃C carbides.