Low-complexity PAPR reduction technique for OFDM systems using modified widely linear SLM scheme

In this paper, a modified widely linear selective mapping (MWL-SLM) scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In the proposed MWL-SLM scheme, through partition one complex signals into two real signals and combining the linear properties of the Fourier Transform, at most 4M² candidate signals can be obtained but only require M inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operations. As a result, the proposed SLM scheme has the ability to generate more candidates when compared with conventional SLM (C-SLM) and widely linear SLM (WL-SLM). Therefore, MWL-SLM outperforms C-SLM and WL-SLM for the same computational cost of IFFT operations. Alternatively, for a given number of candidates, MWL-SLM has slightly inferior PAPR reduction performance to C-SLM and WL-SLM but requires less IFFT operations to be implemented, thus resulting in a lower computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Novel Conversion Matrices for Simplifying the IFFT Computation of an SLM-Based PAPR Reduction Scheme for OFDM Systems

There have been a set of conversion matrices proposed recently by Wang and Ouyang to simplify the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) computation involved in the selected mapping (SLM) scheme for reduction of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. As compared to the conventional SLM scheme, the modified approach achieves close PAPR reduction with much lower complexity but degraded bit error rate (BER) performance. In this paper, we propose a new set of conversion matrices for the SLM scheme such that the complexity can be reduced without sacrificing the BER performance. It is shown that the improved SLM method has better BER performance and lower complexity than the previous work by Wang and Ouyang, at the cost of a slight PAPR reduction loss.     

A Low Complexity Selected Mapping Scheme by Use of Time Domain Sequence Superposition Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM System

By using the time domain sequence superposition (TDSS) technique, in this paper, we propose a low complexity selected mapping (LC-SLM) scheme for the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Unlike the conventional selected mapping (SLM) scheme which needs several inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operations for an OFDM signal, the proposed scheme requires to implement two IFFT operations only. Thus, it can remarkably reduce the computational complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve similar PAPR performance as the conventional SLM scheme.      

次优化SLM法降低OFDM系统PAPR

正交频分复用（OFDM）系统的主要缺点是发射机输出信号的高峰均功率比（PAPR）。选择性映射（SLM）法能有效地降低OFDM信号的PAPR概率,但它需要一组逆快速傅立叶变换（IFFT）来产生候选传输信号,这将导致高的计算复杂度。本文给出一种低复杂度的次优化SLM算法。仿真结果表明该次优化SLM算法在降低PAPR相似的情况下,具有更小的计算复杂度。     

一种降低OFDM系统PAPR的低复杂度算法

选择映射(SLM)是一种无失真降低OFDM信号峰平比(PAPR)的有效方法,但该方法通过串并转换将一路信号变为U路信号,再对U路信号进行IFFT处理,计算量大,同时也降低了信号传输速率。文中提出了一种改进的随机筛选法方案,该方法在IFFT模块之前就对序列进行选择,根据判决门限选择其中随机性最好的一路信号进行传输。其与SLM法相比,只进行一路信号的IFFT计算,复杂度大幅降低,且提高了信号传输效率,并在较大程度上降低了OFDM信号的峰平比。     

正交频分复用随钻无线传输系统及其SLM算法

目前随钻测井信号无法实现高速传输,现有的井下泥浆脉冲传输技术传输速率较慢.本文提出了一种正交频分复用(OFDM)随钻无线传输系统可以实现高效的井下数据传输.但该系统存在其发射信号中固有的高峰均功率比(PAPR)问题.本文基于OFDM随钻无线传输系统,提出了一种分级的基-4 IFFT改进SLM算法降低其PAPR.该算法将N=4n点的基-4 IFFT运算 分为前k级和后n-k级的蝶形运算,信号在两级IFFT之间乘以相位序列.理论分析表明:该法较传统SLM算法IFFT复杂度可降低近60%.     

A low complexity selected mapping scheme for peak to average power ratio reduction with digital predistortion in OFDM systems

One of the effective methods used for reducing peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is selected mapping (SLM). In this paper, a new SLM scheme called DSI‐SLM, which is a combination of dummy sequence insertion (DSI) and conventional selected mapping (C‐SLM) is proposed. Previous techniques have had some drawbacks. In DSI, increasing the number of dummy sequences to have better PAPR degrades transmission efficiency, and in C‐SLM, the complexity rises dramatically when the number of sub‐blocks increases. The proposed DSI‐SLM scheme significantly reduces the complexity because of the reduction in the number of sub‐blocks compared with the C‐SLM technique while its PAPR performance is even better. To enhance the efficiency of the OFDM system and suppress the out‐of‐band distortion from the power amplifier nonlinearity, a digital predistortion technique is applied to the DSI‐SLM scheme. Simulations are carried out with the actual power amplifier model and the OFDM signal based on the worldwide interoperability for microwave access standard and quadrature phase‐shift keying modulation. The simulation results show improvement in PAPR reduction and complexity, whereas the BER performance is slightly worse. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

OFDM系统中一种联合改进的低复杂度SLM峰均比抑制技术

高的峰值平均功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio,PAPR)是光正交频分复用(Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,O-OFDM)系统的一个主要缺点,选择性映射(Selective Mapping,SLM)法能有效降低高PAPR出现的概率,但它的计算复杂度较高.一些低复杂度的SLM方案能够有效地降低复杂度,但同时也降低了PAPR的抑制性能.为了平衡这两个因素,将低复杂度SLM方案与次优选择的思想相结合,文章提出了一种联合改进的PAPR抑制方案.在低复杂度方案中,通过将一个复频域信号分为两个实信号,再利用快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)的平移和反折性质将其重建成新的信号,以得到更多的备选信号,如此便能降低计算复杂度.然后,再结合次优选择的思想,选择PAPR最小的一路以得到最优的PAPR抑制性能.仿真结果验证了该方案的有效性.     

A new PTS OFDM scheme with low complexity for PAPR reduction

In this paper, we introduce a new partial transmit sequence (PTS) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme with low computational complexity. In the proposed scheme, 2/sup n/-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is divided into two parts. An input symbol sequence is partially transformed using the first l stages of IFFT into an intermediate signal sequence and the intermediate signal sequence is partitioned into a number of intermediate signal subsequences. Then, the remaining n-l stages of IFFT are applied to each of the intermediate signal subsequences and the resulting signal subsequences are summed after being multiplied by each member of a set of W rotating vectors to yield W distinct OFDM signal sequences. The one with the lowest peak to average power ratio (PAPR) among these OFDM signal sequences is selected for transmission. The new PTS OFDM scheme reduces the computational complexity while it shows almost the same performance of PAPR reduction as that of the conventional PTS OFDM scheme.     

Selective Time-Domain Filtering for Reduced-Complexity PAPR Reduction in OFDM

A new selective time-domain filtering scheme for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed. The proposed scheme not only relies on conventional pilot symbol channel estimation and demodulation techniques to recover the data in OFDM systems but also uses additional pilot symbols. The proposed scheme has greatly reduced complexity compared with the selective mapping (SLM) scheme and only slightly poorer performance than the SLM scheme. The new scheme achieves significant PAPR reduction at a cost of typically 0.1–0.75 dB in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) relative to pilot symbol OFDM not having PAPR reduction.      

用于SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统的改进SLM算法

在空频编码(SFBC)多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)系统中传输符号存在较高峰均功率比(PAPR)问题,采用SLM算法能够有效降低系统峰均功率比,但随着发射天线数的增加,较多的快速傅里叶反变换(IFFT)会增加系统的计算复杂度,因此,构造F矩阵并提出了一种基于F矩阵SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统的改进SLM算法。采用F矩阵作为相位序列组对空频编码信号进行独立处理,获得最优相位序列取共轭,将共轭序列中每两个旋转因子为一个单位交换位置,并扰码SFBC后各天线的信号,以此减少了每根发射天线上的IFFT次数。理论和MATLAB仿真分析表明,该算法获得了良好的峰均比性能,同时也降低了系统的计算复杂度。     

一种降低OFDM系统峰均比的改进算法

选择映射（SLM）技术是一种无失真降低正交频分复用（OFDM）系统信号峰均比的方法,为更好地降低正交频分复用系统的峰均比,文中提出了一种基于SLM级联抵消技术降低PAPR的优化算法。该算法首先利用改进的SLM算法,对系统PAPR特性进行优化,然后利用抽样信号作为参考函数,实现对系统峰均比的有效降低。通过分析SLM级联峰...     

Partial Selective Mapping OFDM with Low Complexity IFFTs

Selective mapping (SLM) is a distortionless technique for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. However, it has a relatively high computational complexity due to the computation of multiple inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs). In this letter, we present a new technique for reducing this complexity which is based on multiplying the phase sequences with a subset of the intermediate IFFT signals. This new technique significantly decreases the computational complexity while providing comparable PAPR reduction to original SLM (O-SLM).     

Selected mapping with symbol re‐mapping for OFDM/TDM using MMSE‐FDE

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals have a problem with a high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). A distortionless selected mapping (SLM) has been proposed to reduce the PAPR, but a high computational complexity prohibits its application to an OFDM system with a large number of subcarriers. Recently, we proposed OFDM combined with time division multiplexing (OFDM/TDM) using minimum mean square error frequency‐domain equalization (MMSE‐FDE) to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of conventional OFDM with a lower PAPR. The PAPR problem, however, cannot be completely eliminated. In this paper, we present an SLM combined with symbol re‐mapping for OFDM/TDM using MMSE‐FDE. Unlike the conventional OFDM, where SLM is applied over subcarriers in the frequency domain, we exploit both time and frequency dimensions of OFDM/TDM signal to improve the performance with respect to PAPR and BER. A mathematical model for PAPR distribution of OFDM/TDM with SLM is presented to complement the computer simulation results. It is shown that proposed SLM can further reduce the PAPR without sacrificing the BER performance with the same or reduced computational complexity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MIMO-OFDM系统中基于循环移位和信号联合的改进SLM算法

为降低多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM, multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)系统中传统选择性映射(SLM, selected mapping)算法的计算复杂度,提出了通过信号时域循环移位和天线间信号联合产生更多具有不同峰均功率比(PAPR, peak to average power ratio)的备选序列集合的方法。接收端先根据发射端序列选取情况恢复出频域旋转信号,再比较反向旋转序列与最近星座点的距离来恢复原始序列。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能有效地抑制MIMO-OFDM信号的PAPR。另外,与传统SLM算法相比,提出方法明显降低了计算复杂度,而且可以获得传统SLM方法在已知边带副信息情况下近似的比特误码率性能。     

A Modified SLM Scheme With Low Complexity for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Systems

In this paper, we propose a new peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, called a modified selected mapping (SLM) scheme, which considerably reduces the computational complexity with keeping the similar PAPR reduction performance compared with the conventional SLM scheme. The proposed scheme is analytically and numerically evaluated for the OFDM system specified in the IEEE 802.16 standard. For the OFDM system with 2048 subcarriers, the proposed scheme with 4 binary phase sequences can reduce the complex multiplications by 63.5% with the similar PAPR reduction compared with the SLM scheme with 16 binary phase sequences.     

光OFDM系统中一种改进的SLM峰均比抑制方案

针对光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)系统中峰值平均功 率比(PAPR)较高的缺点,对PAPR抑制技术的选择性 映射法(SLM) 进行了深入研究。基于低复杂度SLM方案的深入研究,提出了一种改进的次PAP R选择的思 想与低复杂度SLM相结合的PAPR抑制方案。改 进的SLM方案能够成倍降低传统SLM方案的计算复杂 度。仿真分析表明,改进的SLM方案在载波数为256的O-OFDM系统中,计算复杂度能降低50%以上,并 且随着子载波数的增加,其复杂度降低程度更为高效;同时,该改进的SLM方案又能使其PAPR抑制性能优于传统的SLM方案,从而进一步提升了低复杂度SLM 方案的实用价值。     

Low-Complexity Selected Mapping Scheme Using a Bank of Butterfly Circuits in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems

Selected mapping schemes (SLMs) have gained popularity to improve the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction performance. Even so, the computational load increases greatly owing to the many inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs) in conventional SLM (CSLM) and to overcome this disadvantage, several low-complexity schemes are in vogue. This paper proposes two \(\frac{N}{2}\)-point IFFTs, where N is the number of subcarriers in OFDM, and a bank of butterfly circuits (BFCs) to replace multiple IFFTs in the CSLM. The output sequence of the two \(\frac{N}{2}\)-point IFFTs are simultaneously sent to a bank of M-BFCs to generate a set of M statistically independent candidate signals, including the original OFDM signal. The parameters of the first BFC, which generates the original OFDM signal, are derived. To simplify the complexity, constraints are imposed on the selection of parameters of the remaining M ? 1 BFCs. The results indicate that the proposed SLM (PSLM), when compared with the CSLM, achieves an appreciable computational complexity reduction gain with the loss of a slight PAPR reduction performance.     

光OFDM系统中一种联合改进的LC-SLM峰均比抑制技术

由于光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)系统中的峰值平均功率比(PAPR)较高,针对传统的选择性映射(C-SLM)方案计算复杂度较高,而一些低复杂度SLM(LC-SLM)方案的峰均比抑制性能不佳的问题,为了在降低计算复杂度的同时兼顾PAPR的抑制性能,提出一种基于LC-SLM方案和Clipping技术联合改进的PAPR抑制方案。在低复杂度方案中,O-OFDM信号的实部和虚部被分开处理以期获得更多的备选信号,再结合Clipping技术把信号限定在门限值范围内,最后再选择PAPR最小的一路信号从而得到最优的PAPR抑制性能。仿真结果表明该方案具有较好的优越性以及较高的利用价值。     

Control information transmission without resource consumption for PAPR reduction of OFDM signal

A peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is proposed that requires no additional resources to transmit side information. The approach used to reduce PAPR is based on selected mapping (SLM). SLM produces several candidates of OFDM symbols, the subcarrier phases of which are rotated, and the OFDM symbol that yields the minimum PAPR is selected and transmitted to the receiver. To cancel the rotation used to generate the original signal at the receiver, transmission of side information using a time slot is usually required. This decreases the efficiency with which data can be transmitted. The proposal is to modify SLM so as to implant the side information into the OFDM data symbol. This results in no efficiency loss. Additionally, the error rate in estimating the side information is extremely low when enough subcarriers are used to carry the side information. The performance of the method is confirmed by numerical simulation. The PAPR improvement equals that of the original SLM. The implanted side information was transmitted with high reliability.