一种多体系统冲击响应谱分析法

提出一种多体系统冲击响应谱分析法,以一个基础受加速度冲击刚柔系统为例,详细阐述了该方法的理论基础,主要为:首先利用传递矩阵法求得系统任意点的状态矢量和系统振型;建立系统相对基础运动微分方程.进而建立系统的多体动力学方程;利用系统增广特征矢量的正交性求得广义坐标,结合速度冲击谱的定义获得各模态最大响应,最后经各模态响应合成得到系统的冲击响应时间历程.用一个具体工程实例,通过与一般力学解析方法、有限元冲击响应谱分析法结果的对比,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

一种面向平面多刚柔系统的冲击响应建模和计算方法

结合传递矩阵方法建模灵活和计算效率高的优点,提出了一种基于“传递矩阵”概念的多体系统冲击响应建模和计算方法。以受基础冲击的平面多刚柔系统为研究对象,采用Newmark-β法对元件的方程高阶项进行线性化,用模态方法处理柔体的变形,建立了一般刚体和典型刚体(刚性均质矩形板、带弹性支撑的刚性均质矩形薄板)、一般柔体和典型柔体(Euler-Bernouni梁)的冲击扩展传递矩阵,冲击激励包含平动和转动两种成分,给出了基于Newmark-β法的系统响应数值迭代求解算法程序。用一个工程实例,通过与有限元方法的对比,验证了方法的准确性,得出了转动冲击激励成分对总体响应的贡献不能忽略的结论。方法的研究对象虽然只是平面多刚柔系统,但很容易推广到三维的情况。     

刚柔耦合多体系统动力学模型降阶

提出了基于模态综合法的刚柔耦合多体系统动力学模型降阶方法。该方法用自然坐标法和绝对节点坐标法分别描述刚柔耦合多体系统中的刚体构件和柔性体构件,同时用Craig-Bampton方法对柔性体模型进行减缩。对于刚体构件与柔性体构件之间只存在线性约束的情况,建立了消除线性约束的刚柔耦合多体系统动力学方程。最后,为了验证的该方法的有效性,对刚柔耦合双摆进行了研究。仿真结果表明:适当选择模态就可以在满足计算精度的同时减少计算时间,提高计算效率。     

引入传递矩阵法的复杂多体系统连接件建模方法研究

摘 要：以复杂系统动力学建模为研究背景,在计算多体系统动力学理论指导下,提出引入传递矩阵法模拟连接件的建模方法。以柴油机机脚螺栓为例使用该方法进行建模分析,结果表明引入传递矩阵法的复杂多体系统连接件建模和分析是可行的,在不失复杂系统整体动力学特性的前提下较精确地融入了连接件的传递特性,调谐了大零部件和小连接件间耦合建模时所建立矩阵的奇异性,具有求解速度快、模型数据量小等优点。文中的建模方法给建立柴油机整机振动与抗冲击快速评估模型奠定了一定基础。     

计算多体系统动力学中引入多体系统离散时间传递矩阵法的混合算法研究

以复杂机械系统动力学建模为研究背景,在计算多体动力学和多体系统离散时间传递矩阵法的理论基础上,论述了这两种方法动力学建模与分析的特点;在此基础上,提出了在计算多体动力学中混合多体系统离散时间传递矩阵法的算法,并论述了使用该算法对机械系统进行动力学建模及分析的过程。该算法适合于对复杂机械系统进行动力学建模及分析,并且易于使用计算机应用软件实现。以某典型机械连接结构为算例,通过该算法进行建模与分析,论证了该算法的可行性,也表明该算法的优点。     

空间热载荷作用下星载天线耦合动态影响分析

为了研究空间热载荷对星载天线刚柔耦合多体系统的扰动,根据抛物反射面几何特征,采用壳体单元有限元离散化法,并考虑壳体厚度方向上的温度变化,建立了有限元列式的热传导方程;引入与应变能有关的耦合项,利用拉格朗日法推导了星载天线系统的大范围刚柔耦合动力学方程,研究了温度载荷对星载天线多体系统的动力学特性影响。仿真结果表明:空间热效应引起了动态的温度载荷,与结构变形发生耦合,诱发耦合颤振,加剧柔性反射面的弹性振动,造成卫星姿态和天线指向的扰动,严重影响了星载天线的指向精度。结论对星载天线指向精度的分析与控制具有重要的理论价值及工程实际意义。     

柔性多体系统碰撞动力学研究

摘 要：针对工程中常见的柔性多体系统碰撞过程,详细的分析了柔性多体系统的接触碰撞条件,基于非线性等效弹簧阻尼模型建立了柔性体的碰撞模型,并基于库仑摩擦模型考虑两体碰撞时的切向摩擦作用。在此基础上把柔性体碰撞模型综合到柔性多体系统动力学方程中,建立了含接触碰撞的柔性多体系统动力学模型,此模型适用于一般含碰撞的多体系统。仿真算例以柔性梁在重力场中的接触碰撞过程为对象进行动力学仿真,研究柔性梁碰撞前、碰撞过程及碰撞后的动力学特性和动态响应,以及碰撞过程碰撞力的变化规律,并与刚性梁在重力场中的接触碰撞过程进行详细的比较和分析,结果表明基于非线性等效弹簧阻尼模型建立的柔性多体系统碰撞动力学模型可以有效的分析接触碰撞过程的动力学性能,验证了模型的有效性和正确性。     

两端并圈多股弹簧的冲击响应研究

针对实际工作中的多股簧是两端并圈,且主要用作往复运动中的复进簧来承受冲击载荷的问题,推导了两端并圈多股簧的中心线数学模型,通过CATIA软件生成了两端并圈多股簧的三维几何模型,进一步建立了两端并圈多股簧的有限元冲击模型并利用ABAQUS软件进行冲击响应计算。计算结果表明：多股簧受冲击载荷时,使各簧圈产生振动,弹簧上各质点的运动以纵波的形式向固定端传递,并会在固定端和受力端反射,因此弹簧上各质点的位移和速度不再沿轴向呈线性分布;受力端变形大,固定端基本没有变形,当冲击载荷超过极限值时,就会使多股簧的簧圈产生压并现象;实际设计多股簧时,必须进行冲击响应分析,合理选择多股簧的刚度,避免压并现象的发生。     

含冲击多体系统刚柔耦合虚拟样机参数修正方法

本文简要阐述了虚拟样机技术的概念及应用,分析了复杂多体系统仿真过程中存在的准确性问题。应用多体动力学软件Virtual Lab建立含冲击复杂多体系统的刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型,结合试验数据评估虚拟样机仿真的准确性。采用灵敏度方法和摄动法修正一些关键的系统参数,使散布度的仿真结果和试验结果有更好的一致性,提高了虚拟样机模型的真实度     

舰载飞机机体主传力结构拦阻冲击动力学试验与仿真分析

舰载飞机拦阻着舰过程中,在多系统相互耦合条件下复杂的拦阻动载荷通过拦阻钩作用于机体结构,对机体结构安全性提出挑战。研究此过程中拦阻动载荷在结构上的传播规律及主传力结构的动响应特性具有极为重要的意义。通过地面拦阻冲击模拟试验,对舰载飞机拦阻减速过程中机体主传力结构动响应进行分析研究,并基于刚柔耦合动力学模型对试验过程进行数值模拟仿真分析。研究得到了拦阻过载和应力应变在结构上的响应特征,获取了过载和应变峰值沿机体传力路径的分布规律,可以作为舰载飞机结构强度设计的重要参考依据。研究表明拦阻冲击过载峰值沿主传力路径顺航向,呈现出明显的衰减趋势。靠近拦阻钩接头结构过载峰值较高,但由于冲击时间短,应变响应较小,不会对机体结构造成损伤和破坏。拦阻载荷在机翼隔离框位置会产生应力集中效应,结构设计时应注意对相应结构作局部加强。     

Finite difference solution of steady state creep deformations in a short fiber composite in presence of fiber/matrix debonding

A finite difference technique is developed to predict the second stage creep displacement rates and stress analysis of a short fiber metal matrix composite subjecting to a constant axial load through a micromechanical approach. The technique is capable to take into account the presence of interfacial debonding as one of the main factors affecting the creep performance of short fiber composites. The exponential law is adopted to describe the matrix creep behavior. Also, a model for prediction of interfacial debonding at fiber/matrix interface is developed using a stress based method. The obtained results could greatly help to better understand the flow pattern of matrix material and the load transfer mechanism between fiber and matrix with and without the presence of interfacial debond. The predicted strain rate by the proposed approach exhibits good agreement with the experimental results.     

Impulse response solution to the three-dimensional vector radiative transfer equation in atmosphere-ocean systems. I. Monte Carlo method

We have developed a powerful 3D Monte Carlo code, as part of the Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean (RaDyO) project, which can compute the complete effective Mueller matrix at any detector position in a completely inhomogeneous turbid medium, in particular, a coupled atmosphere-ocean system. The light source can be either passive or active. If the light source is a beam of light, the effective Mueller matrix can be viewed as the complete impulse response Green matrix for the turbid medium. The impulse response Green matrix gives us an insightful way to see how each region of a turbid medium affects every other region. The present code is validated with the multicomponent approach for a plane-parallel system and the spherical harmonic discrete ordinate method for the 3D scalar radiative transfer system. Furthermore, the impulse response relation for a box-type cloud model is studied. This 3D Monte Carlo code will be used to generate impulse response Green matrices for the atmosphere and ocean, which act as inputs to a hybrid matrix operator-Monte Carlo method. The hybrid matrix operator-Monte Carlo method will be presented in part II of this paper.     

刚性路面接缝传力效能分析的一种近似方法

本文在刚性路面接缝两种不相关的传力模型（剪切弹簧模型与弯剪梁模型）所用参数之间建立起一个关系式，并用数值解验证了所建立关系是正确的。应用这一关系式，在进行接缝传力分析时，可以用一种模型的计算结果近似替代另一种模型的计算，从而为路面接缝传力效能分析提供了一种极为方便的计算方法。     

基于FEM和TM方法的轨道-隧道-土层振动耦合响应分析

针对地铁隧道中日益增多的振动问题,基于FEM(有限元)和TMM(传递矩阵方法)技术,以上海轨道交通四号线为研究背景,探讨在移动荷载作用下轨道-隧道-土层系统的振动响应及荷载传播问题。其中在频率波数域内运用FEM模拟轨道系统响应,运用TM技术模拟土层运动,并将隧道简化为欧拉梁,利用应力应变关系将轨道系统、土层与隧道梁进行耦合。模拟数据与实测数据对比表明,该模型能较好地模拟地铁隧道中振动的传播。基于该理论模型,运用频散曲线对轨道及土层特性进行分析,从理论上讨论轨道系统与土层耦合条件下振动波传播的特殊规律,并以地表位移及土层应力为研究对象,分析不同频率条件下振动响应的差异。     

Load carrying characteristics of short fiber composites containing a heterogeneous interphase region

A micromechanics finite element model has been developed for the stress transfer in short fiber composites, incorporating a heterogeneous interphase region. The specimen consists of a single fiber under stress embedded in an epoxy matrix. Considering a heterogeneous and compliant interphase, a generalized computational procedure has been developed that enables imperfect adhesion or loss of interphasial strength simulations. Varying the global variables of the problem, parametric studies were performed to study the influence of the model parameters on the load transfer characteristics from the fiber to matrix. Numerical results of the stress distribution have been determined as a function of geometric and material variables. The effect of both the imperfect adhesion between the fiber and the matrix, and the loss of interphase compliance on stress state were demonstrated and discussed. The results showed that the interphase plays a significant role in stress transfer characteristics of fibrous composites, and extension of the load transfer zone is restricted very close to the loaded fiber end.     

基于非线性模型的沥青路面动力响应研究

根据路基变形的非线性及沥青路面具有明显粘弹性的特点,将沥青路面简化为非线性粘弹性地基上的粘弹性无限长梁,建立了移动载荷作用下非线性粘弹性梁系统动力响应数学模型。利用Adomian分解法和小波变换法得到求解稳态响应解析解的新方法。通过实际道路参数对沥青路面动力响应进行了数值仿真,研究了车速、车辆轴载、路面材料及温度对沥青路面动力响应的影响规律。结果表明该文提出的计算方法简便、快捷,是求解该类非线性动力响应问题的一种有效方法;非线性模型更能准确地反映重载及超载时沥青路面实际结构受力状态。     

Buckling analysis of embedded nanotubes using gradient continuum theory

The buckling of nanotubes embedded in an elastic matrix is modeled within the framework of Timoshenko beams. Both a stress gradient and a strain gradient approach are considered. The energy variational approach is adopted to obtain the critical buckling loads. The dependences of the buckling load on the nonlocal parameter, the stiffness of the surrounding elastic matrix, and the transverse shear stiffness of the nanotubes are obtained. The results show a significant dependence of critical buckling load on the nonlocal parameter and the stiffness of the surround matrix. The Euler beam model, which neglects the shear stiffness of the nanotubes, over-predicts the critical buckling load. It is also found that the strain gradient model provides the lower bound and the stress gradient model provides the upper bound for the critical buckling load of nanotubes. In addition to mechanical buckling, thermally induced buckling of the nanotubes embedded in an elastic matrix is also studied. All results are expressed in closed-form and therefore are easy to use by materials scientists and engineers for the design of nanotubes and their composites.     

低频簧片仪冲击特性与破坏规律分析

低频簧片仪是低频段冲击谱测量的主要装置,其结构为一组具有不同固有频率的集中质量悬臂梁。舰艇受到爆炸冲击时,集中质量悬臂梁易发生塑性变形或断裂,直接影响测量结果。为分析集中质量悬臂梁抗冲击能力,利用模态叠加法建立集中质量悬臂梁在冲击载荷作用下理论模型,分析集中质量悬臂梁在冲击载荷作用下动态响应及破坏规律。研究结果表明:集中质量悬臂梁固有频率越高,应力峰值越大,越容易发生塑性变形或断裂;对于集中质量悬臂梁,冲击载荷破坏能力仅与极限谱位移有关,极限谱位移越大,其破坏能力越大;负波延迟对集中质量悬臂梁的破坏能力具有一定影响,可在常规抗冲击设计中通过增大极限谱位移考虑此影响。     

An approximate method for lateral stability analysis of wall-frame buildings including shear deformations of walls

This study presents an approximate method based on the continuum approach and transfer matrix method for lateral stability analysis of buildings. In this method, the whole structure is idealized as an equivalent sandwich beam which includes all deformations. The effect of shear deformations of walls has been taken into consideration and incorporated in the formulation of the governing equations. Initially the stability differential equation of this equivalent sandwich beam is presented, and then shape functions for each storey is obtained by the solution of the differential equations. By using boundary conditions and stability storey transfer matrices obtained by shape functions, system buckling load can be calculated. To verify the presented method, four numerical examples have been solved. The results of the samples demonstrate the agreement between the presented method and the other methods given in the literature.