脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验成功时舒芬太尼的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验成功时舒芬太尼的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 拟在七氟醚-舒芬太尼复合麻醉下行脊柱侧弯矫形术患者90例,年龄18～64岁,BMI＜30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用分层随机法将患者分为6组(n=15):Ⅰ组～Ⅵ组.各组均采用舒芬太尼、依托咪酯和顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导,气管插管后机械通气,采用七氟醚、舒芬太尼和顺阿曲库铵维持麻醉.唤醒试验前停止输注顺阿曲库铵,下调七氟醚呼气末靶浓度至0,设定Ⅰ组唤醒试验时舒芬太尼Ce0.19 ng/ml,Ⅱ组Ce 0.18 ng/ml,相邻两组Ce梯度为0.01 ng/ml,每组依次递减.5 min后开始唤醒.采用半数有效剂量试验设计寇氏法,计算舒芬太尼的EC50及其95％可信区间.结果 脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验成功时舒芬太尼的EC50为0.164 ng/ml,其95％CI为0.157～ 0.172ng/ml.结论 脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验成功时舒芬太尼的EC50为0.164 ng/ml.     

右美托咪定对脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验的影响

目的 评价右美托咪定对脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验的影响.方法 选择拟行脊柱侧弯矫形术患者60例,年龄13～ 18岁,ASA分级Ⅰ级.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=30)∶舒芬太尼组(S组)和右美托咪定+舒芬太尼组(DS组).两组均采用舒芬太尼、依托咪酯、顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导,气管插管后机械通气,靶控吸入七氟醚复合靶控输注舒芬太尼维持麻醉.DS组麻醉诱导后静脉输注右美托咪定0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1至术毕,S组以等容量生理盐水替代.唤醒试验前停止输注顺阿曲库铵,下调七氟醚呼气末靶浓度至0;S组、DS组分别下调舒芬太尼Ce至0.1、0.08ng/ml.5 min后开始唤醒试验.记录唤醒时间、唤醒期间呛咳/躁动和心血管事件的发生情况.术后随访患者,记录术中知晓的发生情况.结果 DS组唤醒时无心血管事件发生.与S组比较,DS组唤醒时间缩短,心血管事件、呛咳/躁动的发生率降低(P＜0.05).术后随访无一例发生术中知晓.结论 右美托咪定可用于脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验,唤醒时间短,血液动力学平稳,不良反应少.     

不同麻醉下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验的比较

目的 比较不同麻醉下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验.方法 选择拟行脊柱侧弯矫形术患者40例,年龄13～ 18岁,性别不限,BMI＜ 30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ级.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=20):异丙酚复合舒芬太尼组(P组)和靶控吸入七氟醚复合舒芬太尼组(S组).麻醉维持时S组靶控吸入七氟醚,呼气末靶浓度0.8％～1.5％;P组靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度3～5μg/rml,两组均靶控输注舒芬太尼,效应室靶浓度0.2 ～ 0.3 ng/ml.唤醒试验前停止输注顺阿曲库铵,下调舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度至0.1.ml;5 min后,S组停用七氟醚,P组停用异丙酚;5 min后开始唤醒试验.于唤醒试验前、唤醒成功时及唤醒成功后10 min(T0～2)时记录MAP和HR,记录唤醒时间、唤醒期间呛咳、躁动的发生情况,术后随访记录患者术中知晓的发生情况.结果 与P组比较,S组术中唤醒时间短(P＜0.05).两组术中唤醒期间MAP和HR均在正常范围内,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有患者术中唤醒试验均成功,术中唤醒期间无一例发生呛咳、躁动及术中知晓.结论 靶控吸入七氟醚复合舒芬太尼可安全有效地用于脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒试验,且唤醒时间短于靶控输注异丙酚复合舒芬太尼麻醉,更适用于术中唤醒试验.     

瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚在新生儿全身麻醉中的应用

目的观察瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚在新生儿全身麻醉中应用的安全性及有效性。方法40例择期行腹部手术的足月新生儿,年龄3~28 d,随机均分为瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚维持麻醉组(A组)和单纯七氟醚维持麻醉组(B组)。两组均给予七氟醚诱导,气管插管后,A组静脉泵入瑞芬太尼0.33μg·kg-1·min-1,两组均根据患儿临床表现(HR、BP、体动、呼吸对抗)调节七氟醚浓度。A组在术毕前约15 min停止泵入瑞芬太尼,两组均于手术结束时停止吸入七氟醚。记录入室时(T1)、手术开始前即刻(T2)、手术开始后10 min(T3)、60 min(T4)、拔除气管导管时(T5)患儿的HR、MAP、呼气末七氟醚浓度(C ET Sev),并记录患儿的拔管时间及不良反应。结果 T3~T5时A组HR明显慢于B组(P0.05);T3时A组MAP明显低于B组(P0.05);T2~T4时A组C ET Sev明显低于B组(P0.05)。两组拔管时间差异无统计学意义。无低血压、严重心动过缓等不良反应。结论瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚用于新生儿可以提供满意的麻醉效果,减少吸入麻醉药用量,不良反应少。     

舒芬太尼复合小剂量纳美芬对术后静脉自控镇痛效能的作用

目的：观察舒芬太尼复合小剂量纳美芬用于术后静脉自控镇痛效果和对胃肠动力变化的影响。方法：选择全麻术后静脉自控镇痛患者58例,按照随机数字表法随机分为2组,对照组（舒芬太尼组）镇痛泵配方为舒芬太尼2μg/kg、氟哌利多2.5 mg稀释至100 mL,纳美芬组（纳美芬-舒芬太尼组）在对照组基础上加纳美芬0.5μg/kg。结果：与对照组相比,纳美芬组恶心呕吐发生率明显降低,首次排气时间明显缩短（P＜0.05）。结论：小剂量纳美芬可增强镇痛效果,减少舒芬太尼术后镇痛恶心呕吐发生率,同时促进肠蠕动恢复。     

纳美芬在脊柱侧弯矫形术术中唤醒中的应用

目的 观察纳美芬对脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术中唤醒时间、血流动力学、唤醒质量的影响.方法 择期行脊柱侧弯后路矫形术患者60例,随机分为纳美芬组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组30例.常规全麻诱导后,给予丙泊酚,瑞芬太尼,顺式阿曲库铵,右美托咪定静脉泵注维持麻醉.于唤醒前20分钟停用丙泊酚及顺式阿曲库铵,瑞芬太尼剂量调整为每分钟0.05 μg/kg,D组静脉注射纳美芬0.25 μg/kg,C组给予等容积生理盐水.分别记录患者出现自主呼吸时间、出现体动时间、能够配合指令时间(时间记录均以调整用药开始);并记录患者调整用药后10分钟(T1)、唤醒时(T2)、唤醒后10分钟(T3)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2),脑电双频指数(BIS)值;记录患者的唤醒质量及术中有无躁动.结果 D组患者的恢复时间短于C组(P＜0.05);C组唤醒时HR、MAP大于D组(P＜0.05).D组患者配合指令期间唤醒质量比C组高(P＜0.05),C组的躁动率高于D组(P＜0.05);结论 纳美芬应用于脊柱侧弯矫形术时,患者术中唤醒迅速,血流动力学稳定,唤醒质量高.     

瑞芬太尼复合异氟醚麻醉对脊柱侧凸矫形术患者术中唤醒试验的影响

目的 评价瑞芬太尼复合异氟醚吸入麻醉对脊柱侧凸矫形术患者术中唤醒试验的影响。方法 40例全麻下行脊柱侧凸矫形术患者，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级，年龄8～20岁，随机分为2组：芬太尼组（F组）和瑞芬太尼组（R组），每组20例。低流量吸入异氟醚（新鲜气流量为1L／min，N2O：O2=1：1）维持麻醉。F组间断静脉注射芬太尼1—1．5μg／kg维持镇痛；R组静脉输注瑞芬太尼0．2／μg·kg^-1·min^-1维持镇痛，唤醒试验开始时调至0．05／Lg·kg^-1·min^-1，唤醒试验后恢复原速度至手术结束。于相应时点记录唤醒时间、呼气末异氟醚浓度（ETiso）以及平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR），唤醒试验中呛咳，躁动、术后恢复时间、术后恶心呕吐（PONV）发生情况及PCA吗啡用量。结果 R组较F组唤醒时间缩短，唤醒试验前HR及ETiso降低（P〈0．05），术后吗啡用量增加（P〈0．01），两组患者PONV发生情况差异无统计学意义，未见术中知晓发生。结论 静脉输注瑞芬太尼复合吸入异氟醚麻醉可缩短术中唤醒时间；与芬太尼相比，更适用于脊柱侧凸矫形术患者。     

腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的比较

目的比较腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的情况。方法全麻下行开腹手术患者40例,随机分为2组（n=20）：七氟醚组（S组）及异氟醚组（Ⅰ组）。麻醉诱导后行气管插管,机械通气。诱导后吸入纯氧,氧流量2 L/min,30min后调整为1 L/min。手术开始前,调整吸入麻醉药的呼气末浓度为1.0 MAC。麻醉维持：吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,间断静脉注射罗库溴铵和芬太尼,维持血压和心率波动幅度不超过基础值30%。缝皮结束时,停止吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,纯氧流量调整为5 L/min。记录睁眼时间（停止吸入麻醉药到睁眼的时间）、拔除气管导管时间（停止吸入麻醉药到拔除气管导管的时间）、Aldrete评分达到9分时间（从停止吸入麻醉药计时）及麻醉后恢复室（PACU）停留时间。记录吸入麻醉药用量。结果与Ⅰ组比较,S组睁眼时间、拔除气管导管时间、Aldrete评分达到9分时间及PACU停留时间缩短（P〈0.05）,吸入麻醉药的总用量和单位时间用量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论与异氟醚比较,吸入七氟醚患者麻醉恢复较快,且麻醉恢复质量较好。     

丙泊酚复合舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼在脊柱侧弯术中唤醒的比较

目的探讨脊柱侧弯矫形术中丙泊酚复合舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼静脉全麻对患者术中唤醒质量的影响。方法选择行脊柱侧弯矫形手术患者50例,随机均分为两组,术中持续静脉泵注丙泊酚复合舒芬太尼0.3~0.6μg·kg-1·h-1(SF组)或瑞芬太尼0.2~0.3μg·kg-1·min-1(RF组)维持麻醉,术中BIS维持在40~60。进行唤醒时,SF组停止泵入舒芬太尼;RF组调整瑞芬太尼泵速为0.05μg·kg-1·min-1,直到患者配合指令完成唤醒试验。记录患者的恢复时间(包括出现自主呼吸、体动、能够配合指令的时间);观察患者唤醒有无躁动;记录两组分别调整用药后10min(T1)、唤醒时(T2)、唤醒后10min(T3)的MAP、HR、PETCO2。结果 RF组患者的恢复时间明显短于SF组(P0.05);患者配合指令动脚期间,RF组的躁动率明显高于SF组(P0.05);T2时RF组HR明显快于SF组(P0.05)。结论丙泊酚复合舒芬太尼用于脊柱侧弯矫形术中唤醒质量高,血流动力学更稳定,但唤醒时间相对延长。     

小儿脊柱侧弯矫形手术中唤醒的麻醉体会

目的探讨两种麻醉方法用于小儿脊柱侧弯矫形术对唤醒试验的影响。方法50例特发性脊柱侧弯患儿随机分为两组(A组=25例)(B组=25例)。诱导插管后两组均术中吸入2%～2.5%异氟醚维持,同时间断静注咪达唑仑0.1～0.2mg/kg,芬太尼2μg/kg,A组唤醒前20min停止吸入异氟醚及静脉用药,并加大氧流量促进异氟醚排出,必要时给予少量纳洛酮0.2mg静注。B组唤醒前10min停药,同时静脉给予氟马西尼0.2mg,观察两组唤醒后血压、心率的变化,唤醒时间与不良反应的差异。结果A组唤醒后血压、心率的变化与B组差异有统计学意义,A组唤醒时间平均15min左右,B组平均5min左右。A组唤醒后有20例躁动,有5例对术中唤醒有模糊记忆,B组无躁动且无术中知晓。讨论氟马西尼用于小儿脊柱侧弯矫形术的唤醒试验是安全可行的,它能将患儿快速唤醒,非常有利于术中脊髓功能的检查。     

术中唤醒试验对舒芬太尼镇痛下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术后谵妄的影响

目的 评价术中唤醒试验对舒芬太尼镇痛下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术后谵妄的影响.方法 拟行脊柱侧弯矫形术患者60例,年龄12～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用分层随机法,将患者随机分为2组(n=30):术中不行唤醒试验组(C组)和术中唤醒试验组(W组).麻醉诱导:靶控输注舒芬太尼,Ce 0.5 ng/ml,静脉注射异丙酚1～2 mg/kg、顺苯磺阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg,气管插管后行机械通气.麻醉维持:靶控吸入七氟醚,呼气末靶浓度0.8%～1.5%,靶控输注舒芬太尼,Ce 0.2～0.3ng/ml,静脉输注顺苯磺阿曲库铵0.1 mg·kg-1·h-1.术中两侧内固定棒安装后,W组行唤醒试验.术后采用舒芬太尼镇痛.术后3 d内维持患者夜间睡眠8 h以上.记录术中知晓和术后谵妄发生情况.结果 两组术中知晓和术后谵妄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对舒芬太尼镇痛下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者,术中唤醒试验并非术后谵妄发生的危险因素,可能与舒芬太尼镇痛有效地抑制围术期疼痛及术中知晓有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of the intraoperative wake-up test on the postoperative delirium in patients undergoing scoliosis operation under analgesia with sufentanil. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients , aged 12-60 yr, scheduled for scoliosis surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 30 each) : control group (group C) and intraoperative wake-up test group (group W) . The intraoperative wake-up test was not performed during operation in group C. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of sufentanil with the target effect-site concentration set at 0.5 ng/ml and iv injection of propofol 1-2 nig/kg. As soon as the patients lost consciousness, tracheal intubation was facilitated with 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium besylate. The patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled inhalation of sevoflurane (target end-tidal concentration 0. 8%-1. 5%), target-controlled infusion of sufentanil (target effect-site concentration 0.2-0.3 ng/ml) and iv infusion of cisatracurium besylate 0.1 mg- kg-1·h-1 . In group W, the patients underwent the intraoperative wake-up test. Postoperative analgesia was provided with sufentanil. The occurrence of intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium was recorded. Results No significant difference was found in the incidences of intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium between the two groups. Conclusion The intraoperative wake-up test is not the risk factor for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery under analgesia with sufentanil, and inhibition of perioperative pain and intraoperative awareness by analgesia with sufentanil may be involved in the mechanism.     

Stress hormones during the wake-up test in scoliosis surgery

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare hemodynamic and endocrine stress responses of two anesthetic regimes during intraoperative wake-up tests in scoliosis surgery. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: 40 ASA physical status I and II teenage patients scheduled for scoliosis surgery. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the propofol group (Group P) and the sevoflurane group (Group S). In Group P, anesthesia was induced with propofol and remifentanil and was maintained with infusions. Sevoflurane and remifentanil were used in Group S. After surgical instrumentation, patients were awakened, and the wake-up times were recorded. To determine the stress responses, blood samples were taken before induction, 10 minutes after surgical incision, before the wake-up test, during the wake-up test, and 10 minutes after the wake-up test. Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations, and hemodynamics all were recorded at the same time. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The times from discontinuation of anesthetics to eye opening and movement were similar in both groups. Epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations during the wake-up test were significantly higher than pretest results in both groups (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in heart rate or blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol-remifentanil anesthesia is equivalent to sevoflurane-remifentanil anesthesia for a wake-up test. Both the propofol- and sevoflurane-based anesthetic regimens abolish hemodynamic and endocrine stress responses to incision for scoliosis surgery in teenagers. Intraoperative wake-up testing is associated with substantial catecholamine stress despite virtually unchanged mean arterial pressure and heart rate.     

不同麻醉方法用于胸科手术患者的效果

目的探讨胸科手术不同麻醉方法的效果。方法择期拟行胸科手术患者90例,性别不限,年龄18～65岁,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法,将患者分为2组(n=45):静吸复合全麻组(Ⅰ组)和全麻联合硬膜外麻醉组(Ⅱ组)。Ⅰ组麻醉诱导后,吸入七氟醚,持续输注丙泊酚维持麻醉;Ⅱ组先采取硬膜外麻醉,麻醉平面稳定后全麻诱导,吸入七氟醚维持麻醉。于术前30 min时、术中10 min时、术后10 min时记录患者的SBP、MAP、DBP、HR、SpO2。术毕记录患者气管导管拔管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间及完全清醒时间,并记录气管导管拔管即刻(T1)、拔管后5 min(T2)、10 min(T3)及20 min(T4)的RSS镇静评分。结果与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组术中及术后10 min时SBP、MAP、DBP和HR降低,自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间及完全清醒时间显著缩短,T1-4时RSS镇静评分明显升高(P0.05)。结论全麻联合硬膜外麻醉用于胸科手术的效果优于静吸复合麻醉。     

不同全麻下腹腔镜结肠癌切除术病人围术期细胞免疫功能的比较

目的 比较在相同麻醉深度下不同全麻对腹腔镜结肠癌切除术病人围术期细胞免疫功能的影响.方法 择期行腹腔镜结肠癌切除术的病人90例,年龄40～64岁,体重50～85 kg,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用分层随机法,将患者随机分为3组(n＝30):全凭静脉麻醉组(Ⅰ组)、吸入全麻组(Ⅱ组)和静吸复合全麻组(Ⅲ组).Ⅰ组静脉注射咪达唑仑、舒芬太尼和维库溴铵,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导;TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼,间断静脉注射维库溴铵维持麻醉.Ⅱ组吸入七氟醚麻醉诱导,吸人七氟醚,间断静脉注射维库溴铵维持麻醉.Ⅲ组静脉注射咪达唑仑、舒芬太尼和维库溴铵,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼,吸入七氟醚,间断静脉注射维库溴铵维持麻醉.术中采用Narcotrend指数监测麻醉深度,维持Narcotrend指数37 ～ 64.于麻醉诱导前30min(T0)、切皮后2 h(T1)、术毕(T2)和术后24 h(T3)时采外周静脉血样,采用流式细胞术测定T淋巴亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和NK细胞的水平,计算CD4+/CD8+.结果 与T0时比较,Ⅱ组T2时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞水平降低,Ⅲ组T2时NK细胞水平降低(P<0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,T2时Ⅱ组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞水平降低,Ⅲ组NK细胞水平降低(P＜0.05);与Ⅲ组比较,T2时Ⅱ组CD3+和CD4+水平降低(P<0.05).结论 与吸入麻醉和静吸复合麻醉比较,静脉注射咪达唑仑、舒芬太尼和维库溴铵,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼,间断静脉注射维库溴铵维持麻醉对腹腔镜结肠癌切除术病人围术期细胞免疫功能的抑制程度低.     

Effect of the intraoperative wake-up test in sevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia during adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a randomized study

Study ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the intraoperative wake-up test on sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery.DesignRandomized, double-blind, parallel trial.SettingOperating room.Patients30 ASA physical status 1 patients, aged 13 to 20 years, scheduled for AIS surgery.InterventionsPatients were randomized to two groups: Group W patients received sevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia and underwent the intraoperative wake-up test; Group NW received sevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia without the wake-up test. Anesthesia was induced with an intravenous (IV) injection of midazolam, propofol, and sufentanil and maintained with sevoflurane inhalation, a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil, and IV infusion of cisatracurium besylate.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was postoperative delirium. Secondary outcomes were duration of surgery, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, exposure of drugs administered, time to eye opening, extubation, and consciousness.Main ResultsPostoperative delirium occurred in one patient from each group (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in duration of surgery (322 ± 65 min vs 336 ± 72 min), duration of anesthesia (356 ± 76 min vs 368 ± 81 min), intraoperative blood loss (1847 ± 423 mL vs 1901 ± 451 mL) and transfusion (1663 ± 398 mL vs 1649 ± 382 mL), average exposure of drugs (72 ± 13 mg vs 75 ± 15 mg for propofol, 116 ± 28 μg vs 109 ± 25 μg for sufentanil, and 22 ± 5 vs 23 ± 4 mg for cisatracurium), time to eye opening (4.7 ± 1.5 min vs 4.8 ± 1.4 min), extubation (7.5 ± 2.0 min vs 7.3 ± 2.2 min), and consciousness (8.9 ± 1.8 min vs 9.1 ± 2.1 min) (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsSevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia provides hemodynamic stability and rapid recovery from AIS surgery. There is no correlation between the intraoperative wake-up test and postoperative delirium after sevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia.     

Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of sevoflurane anesthesia induction and maintenancevs TIVA in CABG surgery

PURPOSE: To compare the hemodynamic effects of sevoflurane when used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia with a total intravenous technique in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) were randomly allocated to receive either sevoflurane (S group, n = 15) at a minimal concentration of 4% in oxygen for induction and at 0.5-2 MAC end-tidal concentration for maintenance, or a total intravenous technique (T group, n = 15) consisting of midazolam for induction and propofol for maintenance. In both groups, anesthesia was supplemented with sufentanil and muscle relaxation with cis-atracurium. Hemodynamic measurements included systemic and pulmonary pressures, heart rate, mixed venous oxygen saturation and cardiac output at the following times: pre-induction, 7 and 25 min post-induction, chest closure, one hour after surgery and pre and post tracheal extubation. RESULTS: More patients in the S group (8/15) presented bradycardia in the induction period (T:2/15) (P = 0.05). During maintenance of anesthesia, treatment of hypertension was more frequent in the T group (12/15) than in the S group (6/15) (P = 0.025). All other parameters were comparable. CONCLUSION: Induction of anesthesia in patients with CAD, VCRII with sevoflurane supplemented by sufentanil provided hemodynamic responses comparable with those of TIVA although bradycardia was observed more often with sevoflurane. Intraoperative control of systemic blood pressure was achieved with fewer interventions with a sevoflurane/sufentanil maintenance than with a propofol/sufentanil technique in CABG surgery.     

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术的麻醉方法

目的 观察支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)的不同麻醉方法的效果,寻求较佳的EBUS-TBNA手术麻醉方法.方法 60例择期EBUS-TBNA手术患者,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机分为3组:舒芬太尼组(S组)、瑞芬太尼组(R组)和舒芬太尼+瑞芬太尼组(SR组),每组20例.麻醉方式采用静脉输注丙泊酚全麻复合TCI舒芬太尼和或瑞芬太尼辅助2％利多卡因局部表面麻醉,术中维持双频谱指数( BIS)50 ～60.记录患者进入手术室后5min(T0)、手术开始后30min( T1)和术毕定向力恢复时(T2)心率、平均动脉压、脉搏氧饱和度及呼吸频率、手术开始后30min动脉血气、术中呛咳次数、丙泊酚和利多卡因用量、术毕至定向力恢复时间、患者满意度和不良反应发生情况.结果 (1)R组T1时呼吸频率下降明显(P＜0.05),S组和R组动脉二氧化碳分压高于SR组(P＜0.05).(2)R组和SR组术中呛咳次数、术毕至定向力恢复时间明显减少(与S组比,P＜0.05).(3)三组患者丙泊酚、利多卡因用量、麻醉满意度及不良反应差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 静脉输注小剂量舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼,同时复合丙泊酚静脉全麻并辅助局部麻醉可以满足EBUS-TBNA的手术要求,安全、有效,可作为EBUS-TBNA的常规麻醉方法之一.     

七氟烷全凭吸入麻醉用于小儿腭裂手术的临床观察

目的：观察七氟烷复合氧化亚氮全凭吸入麻醉用于小儿腭裂手术的临床效果。方法：选40例按美国麻醉医师学会（American Society of Anesthesiologiests,ASA）身体分级为I～II级的腭裂手术患儿,年龄1.5～4岁,随机分为两组。K组：给予氯胺酮5～8mg/kg＋丙泊酚1.5mg/kg＋维库溴铵0.1～0.15mg/kg诱导插管,术中丙泊酚5～10mg/（kg·h）麻醉维持。S组：给予七氟烷8%面罩吸入＋维库溴铵0.1～0.15mg/kg缓慢静注诱导,术中吸入七氟烷及氧化亚氮和氧气,氧化亚氮1L/min、氧气1L/min,七氟烷1.2～1.5MAC（3%～4%）维持麻醉。根据术中血流动力学状况和手术刺激程度,适当调控麻醉深度。采用SPSS11.0软件包进行统计。结果：两组诱导插管均顺利。K组诱导后患儿心率显著增快（P〈0.01）、血压下降（P〈0.05）,插管及术中剥离腭瓣时仍保持较快心率（P〈0.01）,与S组比较有显著差异（P〈0.01）。S组在诱导后患儿心率、血压有所下降（P〈0.05）,但插管和术中心率血压基本保持平稳。术后S组患儿自主睁眼和拔管的时间显著早于K组（P〈0.05）。结论：七氟烷复合氧化亚氮麻醉能较舒适、平稳地满足小儿腭裂手术要求。     

异丙酚、地氟醚或七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉对脑功能区手术患者术中唤醒试验的影响

目的 探讨异丙酚、地氟醚或七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉对脑功能区手术患者术中唤醒试验的影响.方法 择期拟行脑功能区肿瘤切除术患者60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～60岁,随机分为3组:异丙酚组(P组)、地氟醚组(D组)及七氟醚组(S组),每组20例.静脉注射依托咪酯0.3mg/kg、芬太尼3 μg/kg、维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg行麻醉诱导,采用1%丁卡因喉头及气管粘膜表面麻醉后行气管插管.P组、D组和S组分别靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2.0μg/ml,持续吸入地氟醚、七氟醚1.5 MAC维持麻醉.各组均靶控输注瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度2.5 ng/ml,唤醒试验前血浆靶浓度降为0.5 ng/ml,静脉注射曲马多100mg,停用麻醉药,行唤醒试验.记录唤醒时间,观察唤醒试验时躁动及寒颤的发生情况.结果 各组患者唤醒时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),P组寒颤发生率较D组和S组高(P<0.05).结论 采用异丙酚、地氟醚或七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉,脑功能区手术患者术中唤醒时间无差别,地氟醚或七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉时有关并发症发生率低,更适用于术中唤醒试验.