Fast channel access and DCA scheme for connection andconnectionless-oriented services in UMTS

An efficient MAC protocol and flexible dynamic channel allocation (DCA) scheme for the UMTS-TDD mode is presented which exploits the characteristics of connectionless and connection-oriented services. The proposed protocol gives fast channel access and high bandwidth efficiency in any traffic scenario asymmetric between uplink and downlink channels, particularly in the presence of Internet traffic     

Improvements of spreading codes utilisation efficiency forintegrated multimedia services in CDMA network

A wireless MAC protocol for the CDMA network is proposed which provides the various bit rates required to support the integrated multimedia services. The proposed method improves the spreading codes utilisation efficiency by sharing limited spreading codes among all mobile terminals     

基于TDD-CDMA的集成可变速率多媒体业务传输的MAC协议

文章给出了一种应用于移动多媒体通信的无线媒体接入控制(MAC)协议.该MAC协议采用混合TDMA/CDMA结构,以提高资源利用率;采用多码并行传榆提供可变速率,以支持集成多媒体业务.系统仿真表明,该协议具有较高的码利用率和良好的灵活性,适用于可变速率多媒体业务集成传输.     

一种无线ATM网络的MAC协议

主要研究了无线ATM网络对MAC的需求，并介绍了适用于无线ATM的一种新的MAC方案。该协议支持不同类型信息传输，比如恒定比特率（CBR），可变比特率（VBR），可用比特率（ABR），未指定比特率（UBR）。另外此协议还提供了对宽带ATM主干网的无缝连接。同时也支持与ATM相关的QoS级别。对于该协议关注的各种情况的主要原理进行了讨论。     

B-ISDN中的无连接业务

以ATM交换为基础的B-ISDN提供高速、面向连接、分组长度固定的信元交换.当代PC和高速LAN的发展需要面向连接的ATM网络传输无连接业务.本文重点介绍ATM网络中无连接业务的分类、协议结构和具体实现形式.     

A/I Net: a network that integrates ATM and IP

Future networks need both connectionless and connection-oriented services. IP and ATM are major examples of the two types. Connectionless IP is more efficient for browsing, e-mail, and other non-real-time services; but for services demanding quality and real-time delivery, connection-oriented ATM is a much better candidate. Given the popularity of the Internet and the established status of ATM as the broadband transport standard, it is unlikely that one can replace the other. Therefore, the challenge we face lies in finding an efficient way to integrate the two. This article describes a research project reflecting this trend. The project aims at efficient integration of the two to eliminate the deficiencies of a standalone ATM or IP network     

Broadband ISDN and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)

The transfer mode chosen by the CCITT Study Group XVIII Task Group on ISDN Broadband Aspects as the basis of broadband ISDN is called the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). ATM is a high-bandwidth, low-delay, packetlike switching and multiplexing technique. It is essentially a connection-oriented technique, although it is envisioned as a basis for supporting all services, connectionless as well as connection-oriented. The basic transfer mode concepts are explained. The limits of synchronous transfer mode (ATM) are discussed and reasons for choosing ATM over STM are given. The main technical issues having an impact on the ATM specifications are discussed     

A dynamic ID management protocol for CSMA/IC in ad hoc networks

Contention based MAC protocols are widely used in ad hoc networks because they are suitable, where no central control node exists. However, contention based MAC protocols waste much time because of frequent collisions and long contention times. Moreover, it is hard for them to fairly distribute medium access opportunities. As a result, the problem of unfair medium access may arise under normal network conditions. Recently, another contention based MAC protocol, named the Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ID Countdown (CSMA/IC) was proposed. CSMA/IC resolves medium access contention by comparing the IDs of contending nodes with a simple signaling process. Therefore, medium access collisions never happen as long as each node possesses a unique ID, and the time cost for contention may be smaller than any other contention based MAC protocols if the number of IDs is managed so as to be as small as possible. Furthermore, CSMA/IC may support fair medium access by manipulating the ID of each node properly. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic ID management protocol which enables a node to acquire a unique ID without any message exchanges and fairly distributed the number of medium access opportunities to all contending nodes. The proposed protocol also makes the contention process of CSMA/IC efficient by dynamically managing the length of the ID field according to the network traffic. The simulation results show that the proposed ID management protocol significantly improves the aforementioned aspects of CSMA/IC MAC protocol compared to previous ID management schemes.     

Connectionless service for public ATM networks

The interconnection of connectionless LANs and MANs over a connection-oriented B-ISDN presents a dilemma with regard to efficient interoperability. In order to provide solutions to this dilemma, there have been many techniques proposed. We describe and evaluate the architectural and conceptual alternatives available for the implementation of a connectionless service for public ATM networks. We also suggest a scheme through which best-effort connectionless service may be provided in public ATM networks using connectionless servers and hop-by-hop flow control. There is as yet no consensus on issues such as bandwidth management, address resolution, connectionless server forwarding modes, or connectionless server topology, and therefore much of the area remains open for research. These research issues must be addressed, however, in order to realize the interoperability, and thereby the acceptance, of ATM     

Busy tone contention protocol: a new high‐throughput and energy‐efficient wireless local area network medium access control protocol using busy tone

Design of an efficient wireless medium access control (MAC) protocol is a challenging task due to the time‐varying characteristics of wireless communication channel and different delay requirements in diverse applications. To support variable number of active stations and varying network load conditions, random access MAC protocols are employed. Existing wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol (IEEE 802.11) is found to be inefficient at high data rates because of the overhead associated with the contention resolution mechanism employed. The new amendments of IEEE 802.11 that support multimedia traffic (IEEE 802.11e) are at the expense of reduced data traffic network efficiency. In this paper, we propose a random access MAC protocol called busy tone contention protocol (BTCP) that uses out‐of‐band signals for contention resolution in WLANs. A few variants of this protocol are also proposed to meet the challenges in WLAN environments and application requirements. The proposed BTCP isolate multimedia traffics from background data transmissions and gives high throughput irrespective of the number of contending stations in the network. As a result, in BTCP, admission control of multimedia flows becomes simple and well defined. Studies of the protocol, both analytically and through simulations under various network conditions, have shown to give better performance in comparison with the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel QoS‐aware MAC protocol for voice services over IEEE 802.11‐based WLANs

With the pervasive growth in the popularity of IEEE 802.11‐based wireless local area networks (WLANs) worldwide, the demand to support delay‐sensitive services such as voice has increased very rapidly. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the medium access control (MAC) architectures and quality of service (QoS) provisioning issues for WLANs. The major challenges in providing QoS to voice services through WLAN MAC protocols are outlined and the solution approaches proposed in the literature are reviewed. To this end, a novel QoS‐aware wireless MAC protocol, called hybrid contention‐free access (H‐CFA) protocol and a call admission control technique, called traffic stream admission control (TS‐AC) algorithm, are presented. The H‐CFA protocol is based on a novel idea that combines two contention‐free wireless medium access approaches, that is, round‐robin polling and time‐division multiple access (TDMA)‐like time slot assignment, and it increases the capacity of WLANs through efficient silence suppression. The TS‐AC algorithm ensures efficient admission control for consistent delay‐bound guarantees and further maximizes the capacity through exploiting the voice characteristic that it can tolerate some level of inconsecutive packet loss. The benefits of the proposed schemes are demonstrated in the simulations results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Architectures and Performance of Optical Packet Switching over WDM

Packet switching over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) channels is considered with the aim to investigate algorithms for wavelength assignment and to define feasible switch architectures, in the presence of connectionless or connection-oriented transfer modes. In particular, as regards the connection-oriented scenario, mapping of virtual connections onto wavelengths operated by network nodes is considered and procedures are proposed to achieve statistical multiplexing efficiency by dynamic wavelength re-assignment. Switch architectures to support dynamic wavelength encoding and the related performance evaluation are presented and discussed in the paper, evidencing the benefits of packet switching over WDM.     

A Service Differentiated MAC Protocol for OFDM/TDMA Wireless Systems

1IntroductionAkey goal to achievein next generation wireless net-works is to develop an efficient method to allocate thescarce bandwidth resources among users of differenttypes of traffic in a wireless multi media network. Theentityincharge of performingthat taskisthe MACpro-tocol , which must be able to support various classes oftraffic while guaranteeing their required Quality of Ser-vice (QoS) .Ref .[1] proposes a MACprotocol for ultrahigh-speed radio access system. The new protocol isb…     

Designing a practical ATM LAN

The adaptor cards and driver software for workstations and local asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches and switch control software used in an ATM local area network (LAN) system are discussed. It is shown that the ATM hardware and software components together provide services that are essential for ATM to be considered a realistic alternative to current shared-media LANs. These services include: completely transparent support for the TCP/IP protocol suite, an application programming interface for full access to the underlying ATM capabilities, support for AAL5, AAL3/4, and the null AAL, both connection-oriented and connectionless service, dynamic connection establishment or switched virtual circuits, resource reservation of guaranteed bandwidth and quality of service, full-bandwidth multicast and broadcast, virtual path and channel routing among multiple switches, automatic configuration and failure recovery, dynamic address assignment and internetwork address resolution, and network management via the simple network management protocol (SNMP)     

CBRMA++/SR: on the design of a MAN/WAN MAC protocol for high-speednetworks

A new MAN/WAN medium-access control (MAC) protocol called CBRMA++/SR is introduced. It is suitable for a folded bus topology with optical fiber used as the transmission medium. The eminent features of CBRMA++/SR are total fairness and full bandwidth utilization. The preemptive approach employed in bandwidth allocation enables CBRMA+++/SR not to suffer from the deficiencies of DQDB, which stem mostly from the inconsistency of the distributed queue at a given instant. The protocol is based on the concept of fair share, which also provides a solid ground to support connection-oriented services. A powerful slot-reuse scheme complements the protocol     

B-ISDN and the OSI protocol reference model

The evolution of public telecommunication networks toward broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDNs) is presented. The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), which supports B-ISDNs, and the B-ISDN protocol reference model are discussed. It is shown that the service offered by the ATM layer in the B-ISDN protocol reference model is equivalent to the service offered by the OSI physical layer. It is also shown that the service offered by the ATM adaptation layer (AAL) type 3/4 is similar to an OSI data link service. The emergence of the metropolitan area network (MAN) standard as an intermediate support for broadband services and the similarities between the DQDB MAC and the AAL type 3/4 in its connectionless mode are discussed     

The sink tree paradigm: connectionless traffic support on ATM LAN's

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is a connection-oriented technology in which all communication is based on virtual connections established prior to the transfer of data. It is expected that the bulk of traffic carried by the ATM network will be data traffic, e.g., local area network (LAN) internetwork traffic. Hence, a major issue regarding ATM is the support for connectionless (datagram) traffic. A scheme for the efficient support for connectionless traffic in ATM LANs based on trees of virtual connections is proposed. In this scheme, a sink tree is built for every switch in the LAN. Each tree provides an efficient means of routing connectionless traffic from any switch in the network to the sink switch (root) of the tree. The sink tree solution may also be used to broadcast connectionless messages in the reverse direction. The trees can easily be updated to adapt to topological changes or congestion in the network. A protocol for refreshing the tree structure using the ATM switch routing tables is described. An adaptive rate control solution, in conjunction with fast back pressure at the ATM layer, is presented. It is shown that this scheme achieves high utilization of available bandwidth for connectionless traffic, has low cell loss probability, and small overhead     

Challenges in low-cost wireless data transmission

Second- and third-generation (2G and 3G) wireless systems have been designed primarily for voice, a connection-oriented, delay-sensitive service requiring a specified bit rate. In contrast, data services are often connectionless, delay insensitive, and have no specific bit-rate requirements. These differences suggest that ubiquitous (anytime/anywhere) coverage may not be a strict requirement for wireless data networks and in fact may needlessly complicate the design. This line of thought leads to systems that provide isolated high bit-rate “pockets” of coverage close to base station antennas through multilevel modulation and increased spectrum reuse allowed by pocket isolation. Specific issues that are relevant for such tier architectures range from the physical layer extending to radio resource management and even application layers. We describe some issues for wireless data targeting the following: transceiver techniques and radio resource management     

互联网面向连接的解决方案

本文针对当前互联网络面临的三大问题,论述了采用面向连接的技术的必要性.文章随后分析了互联网"控制与转发分离"以及新一代网络中使用面向连接技术的相关进展,在肯定这些架构的先进性的同时,指出了它们继续保留无连接服务的缺点.文章在上述架构的基础上建议了一个完全面向连接的互联网架构,并着重论述了这一架构在遏制远程的黑客攻击与病毒投放方面的有效性.