Sweet lupine (Lupinus luteus, var. Aurea/Weico and Lupinus albus, var. Multolupa) proteins. I. Extraction and filtration by Sephadex

Samples of Lupinus luteus, var. Aurea/Weico and Lupinus albus var. Multolupa flours were analyzed. The flour proteins were extracted and fractionated by gel filtration, and the per cent pattern for both globulins and albumins was then determined. The dehulled seeds, previously analyzed for composition, were ground, defatted and consecutively extracted with distilled water (pH 5.0) and phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 8.5). The extracted protein content was measured by the Lowry simplified method. Globulins (pH 8.5 fraction) from both species were filtered through Sephadex G-100; besides, Lupinus albus globulins were filtered through Sephadex G-150, and absorbance of the collected fractions was measured at 280 nm. The dehulled seed (DS) of L. luteus and L. albus revealed a good protein content (58.2 and 41.0%, respectively). The protein extracted from L. luteus was constituted by 17% albumins and 58.4% globulins. In contrast, L. albus presented a higher albumin content (55.6%) than globulins (31.5%). The elution pattern for the Sephadex G-200 gel filtration showed for both lupine species analyzed a preponderant peak I corresponding in L. luteus to 55.0% and in L. albus to 84.1% of the total globulins content. From these results, it may be concluded that the dehulled seed protein content is 42.0% higher for the L. luteus sample than for the L. albus. The applied methodology indicated a predominant content of globulins above albumins in L. luteus, while in the case of L. albus, the albumin content was the highest.     

木荷提取物对小菜蛾和菜青虫的拒食活性

室内测定了木荷甲醇提取物对小菜蛾、菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明，木荷树皮甲醇提取物对小菜蛾、菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食活性最高。木荷树皮甲醇提取物在10g／L的质量浓度下，对小菜蛾3龄幼虫24h和48h的拒食率分别为94．27％和94．78％，拒食中浓度（AFC50）分别为2．7445g／L和1．5519g／L；对菜青虫3龄幼虫，在2g/L的质量浓度下，24h和148h的拒食率均达到100％，拒食中浓度（AFC50）分别为0．1053g／L和0．1488g／L。     

酸模叶蓼和绵毛酸模叶蓼中脂肪酸的研究

用索氏提取法提取脂溶性成分,GC-MS联用法结合计算机检索,首次对酸模叶蓼及其变种绵毛酸模叶蓼的脂肪酸成分进行了分离和鉴定。从酸模叶蓼和绵毛酸模叶蓼中各分离鉴定出21个和13个化合物,分别占峰面积的63.26%和74.73%,其中,脂肪酸成分占53.53%和35.58%,甾类成分占9.73%和39.15%。用峰面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对质量分数,酸模叶蓼中主要成分为:花生酸(11.82%),亚麻酸(10.36%),棕榈酸(9.79%),亚油酸(8.51%),22,23-二氢豆甾醇(5.88%),γ-谷甾醇(3.85%),山嵛酸(3.15%),木蜡酸(2.6%)。绵毛酸模叶蓼主要成分为:γ-谷甾醇(20.61%),22,23-二氢豆甾醇(18.54%),亚油酸(10.41%),棕榈酸(7.42%),油酸(7.50%),花生酸(3.21%),硬脂酸(2.38%)。该文报道工作的新颖性,已为河南大学图书馆2008年9月9日出具的第CX2008008号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

西党参最佳采收期的研究

通过研究2年生、3年生西党参的不同月份的产量、多糖含量的动态变化来确定西党参的最佳采收期。结果表明,2年生、3年生党参产量之间存在显著差异(p<0.05)。单因素方差分析表明,多糖含量在相同年限的不同月份之间有极显著差异(p<0.01)。综合考虑产量、多糖含量,确定西党参的最佳采收期为栽培第3年的9~10月。     

Reply to the discussion of the paper “Understanding expansion in calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cements” by G.L. Valenti,M. Marroccoli,M.L. Pace,A. Telesca

Reply to the discussion of the paper “Understanding expansion in calcium sulfoaluminatebelite cements” by G.L. Valenti, M. Marroccoli, M.L. Pace, A. Telesca.     

Epoxy–lignin polyblends. III. Thermal properties and infrared analysis

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and IR analysis were performed on a nonviscous epoxy polymer system (EP) with Kraft lignin (L) up to 20%. Mixtures of EP with similar amounts of silica (S) as in EP–L polyblends were used as a reference system for the analyses performed. EP–L polyblends cured at room temperature exhibit a single T_g, a fact characteristic for the monophasic systems. One-step tensile storage modulus vs. temperature curves, and related one-peak tensile loss modulus vs. temperature curves were found for all the EP–L polyblends. At about 30°C the tensile storage modulus of EP does not change in the presence of lignin in amounts up to 20% by weight. All these showed that L is miscible with EP and it does not affect the crosslinking at room temperature. IR spectra led to similar conclusions. The gradual decrease of the peak values of tan δ with the amount of L in polyblends is due to an increase in the tensile storage modulus and a decrease of the tensile loss modulus at temperatures close to T_g. This fact is explained by a stronger bond between EP and L, which could be formed at higher temperatures. The DSC and DMA data are in agreement with the mechanical properties of EP–L polyblends, which were reported previously.     

核桃仁抗氧化活性研究

采用清除二苯代苦味肼基(DPPH)自由基、清除[2,2′-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐](ABTS)自由基及铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法,对核桃仁提取物进行抗氧化活性评价,并与阳性对照没食子酸丙酯(PG)、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)进行比较。在核桃仁提取物中,乙酸乙酯提取物清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力(IC50值分别为1.58 mg/L和1.69 mg/L)强于BHA(IC50值分别为3.43 mg/L和1.72 mg/L)和BHT(IC50值分别为18.79 mg/L和6.04 mg/L),弱于PG(IC50值分别为0.86 mg/L和0.66 mg/L);乙酸乙酯提取物还原Fe3+的能力最强〔FRAP值为(13212.99±55.35)μmol TE/g〕,强于PG〔FRAP值为(10617.75±138.38)μmol TE/g〕、BHA〔FRAP值为(7383.10±121.08)μmol TE/g〕和BHT〔FRAP值为(1748.49±3.46)μmol TE/g〕;核桃仁正丁醇提取物清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力(IC50值分别为4.94和1.90 mg/L)以及还原Fe3+的能力〔FRAP值为(2299.99±27.68)μmol TE/g〕强于BHT。结果表明,核桃仁乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物都具有很好的抗氧化活性,且乙酸乙酯提取物活性强于正丁醇提取物。     

对孟烷-1,2,4-三醇对黑麦草的除草活性

通过测定对孟烷-1,2,4-三醇在不同浓度下对黑麦草的种子发芽抑制率、根长抑制率及芽长抑制率,研究其对黑麦草的除草活性.结果表明,对孟烷-1,2,4-三醇能明显抑制黑麦草种子的发芽、胚根胚芽的生长,芽前处理对黑麦草的发芽、根长及芽长的抑制中浓度分别为2.93 mmol· L-1、0.50 mmol·L-1和0.97 mmol·L-1,芽后处理对黑麦草的根长和芽长的抑制中浓度分别为1.79 mmol· L-1和2.90 mmol·L-1.表明,对孟烷-1,2,4-三醇对黑麦草具有除草活性,且芽前除草活性高于芽后除草活性.     

麻疯树籽油生产生物柴油产业化

麻疯树籽油是具有潜力的生产生物柴油原料。介绍以麻疯树籽油为原料生产生物柴油的技术及所得生物柴油产品性质,分析麻疯树籽油组成对生产工艺选择的影响及与性质的关系,指出综合开发利用麻疯树资源可有效提高以麻疯树籽油为原料生产生物柴油的竞争力,与石化柴油或其它生物柴油混配使用可平衡性质优劣,现有的两步法转化工艺和高温转化工艺可以很好地解决麻疯树籽油生产生物柴油的工艺问题。     

粘毛蓼的抗氧化活性

用清除二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基、清除[2,2′-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐](ABTS)自由基和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法,对粘毛蓼体外总抗氧化活性进行了评价,结果与6-羟基-2,5,7,8-四甲基苯并二氢吡喃-2-羧酸(Trolox)及阳性对照丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)比较发现,粘毛蓼提取物有很好的体外抗氧化活性。乙酸乙酯提取物清除DPPH自由基(IC50=7.89 mg/L)的能力比BHT清除能力(IC50=18.71 mg/L)强,比BHA(IC50=3.20 mg/L)清除能力略弱;清除ABTS自由基能力(IC50=6.67 mg/L)比BHT(IC50=7.72 mg/L)清除能力强,比BHA(IC50=1.88 mg/L)清除能力弱;还原Fe3+的能力〔FRAP=(1362.55±47.22)μmol TE/g〕比BHT〔FRAP=(1581.68±97.41)μmol TE/g〕略低。在3种提取物中,乙酸乙酯提取物具有最高的抗氧化能力,甲醇提取物次之。3种方法中,DPPH方法和ABTS方法相关性最高(R=0.993)。     

紫菀提取物油脂抗氧化效果研究

对紫菀（Aster tataricus.L.f.）乙酸乙酯提取物（EAE）、丙酮提取物（AE）和乙醇提取物（EE）的油脂抗氧化活性进行研究,用碘量法进行抗氧化性的测定。结果表明,EAE对油脂具有较好的抗氧化作用,在一定范围内,抗氧化效果随添加量的增加而增强,而丙酮及乙醇提取物抗氧化效果不明显。此外,EAE与Vc在花生油中有很好的协同增效作用,表明紫苑具有开发天然抗氧化剂的潜在价值。     

2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂防治芜菁菜青虫的田间药效

进行了2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂防治芜菁菜青虫田间小区药效试验,验证其防治效果,确定最佳剂量。结果表明,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂防治芜菁菜青虫的最佳用药量为有效成分11.3～15.0g/hm2,平均防效在90.4%以上。     

贯叶连翘中金丝桃甙的提取工艺研究

探讨了贯叶连翘中金丝桃甙的提取工艺。研究表明,溶剂的极性、介质的酸碱性、提取液的含水量、提取物的浓缩、产品的干燥方式等工艺条件对其有效成分的纯度和提取率有很大的影响。所述结论为金丝桃甙的工业生产提供了依据。     

藏红花胚性愈伤组织的发生及其调控

为提高藏红花胚性愈伤组织的繁殖系数和出芽率,促进其生长和分化,以建立藏红花离体快繁体系,解决藏红花资源短缺问题,研究了藏红花胚性愈伤组织的发生及其调控. 结果表明,获得的藏红花球茎1细胞系具有良好的胚性愈伤组织发生能力. 胚性愈伤组织生长的优化条件为：在添加3.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.25 mg/L NAA和400 mg/L CH的B5固体培养基上,22℃下全时暗培养25 d,繁殖系数达到9 g/g. 胚性愈伤组织出芽的优化条件为：在添加3.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.25 mg/L NAA和400 mg/L CH的1/2 B5固体培养基上,在22℃及光照强度31.74 mmol/(m2×s)条件下,每天光照10 h,暗培养14 h,培养45 d出芽率达到44.7%,高于国外报道的20%.     

The preparation of pure L-leucine. Separation of L-leucine and L-isoleucine

Existing methods for prepaiing pure L -leucine from protein hydrolysates are unsatisfactory, especially when L -leucine, isoleucine-free, is required in high purity. Using a commercial crude leucine containing 73% of L -leucine, 10% of L -isoleucine and other impurities, the preparation of pure L -leucine was investigated. As a result, the fractional crystallisation of the sulphonates of L -leucine with benzenesulphonic acid and p-toluenesulphonic acid was found to be very effective for the purification of L -leucine. The pure L -leucine in which no other amino acid was detected by an amino acid analyser was obtained by passing aqueous solutions of these sulphonates through ionic resin columns to separate L -leucine and sulphonic acids. The overall yield of leucine was 59±62% of the theoretical. The present purification methods are considered to be very promising for the industrial production of L -leucine from protein hydrolysates.     

Sweet lupine (Lupinus luteus, var. Aurea/Weico and Lupinus albus, var. Multolupa) proteins. II. Separation by electrophoresis

The albumins and globulins extracted from Lupinus luteus var. Aurea/Weico and Lupinus albus var. Multolupa defatted flour samples were analyzed by polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. The purpose was to determine the percentage distribution of pattern in the electrophoretograms and the relative mobility values of protein. The L. luteus albumins densitogram showed six fractions, two of them, No. 2 and No. 4, represented 58.1% of the total. On the other hand, the globulins densitogram revealed five fractions, numbers 1, 2 and 3 representing 90.7%. The densitogram of peak I from Sephadex G-100 globulins filtration indicated two fractions similar to those number 1 and 2 of the total globulins, showing low relative mobility values (from 0.26 to 0.39). The L. albus albumins resolved in four fractions, with No. 2 being the most prevalent (54.3%). In regard to the L. albus globulins, these showed five fractions identical in distribution with those of peak I, fraction 2 appearing as the most important (48.2%). It was found that Sephadex G-100 did not perform a good separation. As to the relative mobility values of globulins, fractions 2 and 3 were the most prominent (relative mobility of 0.35 and 0.48, respectively). It may be concluded that L. luteus albumins presented more components but with lower relative mobility values than those of L. albus. As for the globulins from both lupine flour samples, the gel separated fractions were classified in two groups of components, those of high and of low relative mobility.     

Allelopathy of oats. II. Allelochemical effect ofl-Tryptophan and its concentration in oat root exudates

l-Tryptophan caused growth inhibition of roots and hypocotyls (or coleoptiles) of cockscomb (Amaranthus caudatus L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.), increasing the dose ofl-tryptophan increased the inhibition. The concentrations for 50% inhibition of the root growth were 0.14, 0.15, 0.21, 0.79, 0.95, 1.7, and 2.4 mM for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice, wheat, and oat, respectively; the concentrations for 40% inhibition of the hypocotyl (or coleoptile) growth were 0.28, 0.33, 0.43, 2.7, 4.5, 7.2, and 15 mM for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice, wheat and oat, respectively. The levels ofl-tryptophan in oat seedlings and in its root exudates were 29.3 mg/kg fresh wt and 0.25 mM under light conditions, and 21.1 mg/kg fresh wt and 0.18 mM under dark conditions, respectively. The presence ofl-tryptophan in the root exudates coupled with its effect on growth suggested thatl-tryptophan may play an important role in the growth inhibition of other plants in nature.     

Allelopathic potential ofnuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. (Nymphaeaceae)

Aqueous extracts ofNuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. leaves (blades plus petioles) and roots plus rhizomes were tested for allelopathic activity using lettuce seedling andLemna minor L. assay systems. The 12.5, 25, 125, and 250 parts per thousand (ppt) treatments of both extracts killed the lettuce seedlings. At 2.5 ppt of extract, radicle growth of lettuce was 29% of the control for leaves and 31% of the control for roots plus rhizomes.Lemna minor frond number was reduced to 34% of the control by the 25 ppt leaf extract and to 43% of the control by the 25 ppt roots plus rhizomes extract.L. minor was killed by concentrations of 125 ppt and above of both plant part extracts. As expected, the frond number and total chlorophyll content measured by theL. minor assay were highly correlated. Osmotic potentials below 143 mOsmol/kg had no influence onL. minor growth. Neither the osmotic potential nor the pH of the undiluted extracts ofN. lutea were in the range known to influence the growth of either lettuce seedlings orL. minor. Nuphar lutea extracts were many times more inhibitory than 16 other hydrophytes we previously examined.     

辣椒提取物的试验研究

以乙醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯为溶剂,分别对干红朝天椒进行萃取,得到三种相应的提取物。采用国标方法分别检测提取物的辣度和色价,并对检测结果进行了讨论和评价。该辣椒提取物制备方法对辣椒提取物的工业化生产有一定的参考价值。     

Autoxidation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. III. Synthetic triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate

Four triacylglycerols containing linoleate (L) and linolenate (Ln) in specific positions were synthesized to determine the effect of fatty acid position on their relative rates and products of autoxidation. Analyses by reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that autoxidation of L- and Ln-containing triacylglycerols form monohydroperoxides and hydroperoxy epidioxides as the main products. The peroxyl radicals of internal 12- and 13-mono-hydroperoxides of Ln triacylglycerol components cyclized rapidly and their relative triacylglycerol position had no influence on their rates of cyclization. A good linear relation was obtained between total HPLC peak areas (detected at 235 nm) of the main oxidation products and peroxide values. Reversed phase HPLC analyses thus provide a useful method to estimate oxidation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. The ratios of Ln to L mono-hydroperoxides were twice the ratios of Ln to L in the triacylglycerol substrates. Ln triacylglycerol components, therefore, oxidized twice as much as the L components. At 40°C, LnLnL oxidized slightly faster than LnLLn with respective induction periods of 45 and 47 hr. LLnL oxidized faster than LLLn with respective induction periods of 56 and 60 hr. Dilinolenoyl-linoleoylglycerols are, therefore, slightly less stable to oxidation when Ln is in the 1,2- than the 1,3-triacylglycerol position. Dilinoleoyl-linolenoylglycerols are less stable when L is in the 1,3- than the 1,2-triacylglycerol position. Presented in part at the 80th Annual American Oil Chemists' Society Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 3–6, 1989