ITO electrode modified by Pd-based electrospun nanoflbers for electrochemical sensing NO-2

应用静电纺丝法制备纳米纤维修饰电极,之后分别在空气和N2环境下煅烧制备Pd纳米粒子微阵列修饰的ITO电极.应用SEM对电极表面形貌进行了表征.应用循环伏安法对修饰电极的电化学行为进行研究,并与直径是25μm的Pt微电极进行了比对,结果证明,它们都具有微米电极的电化学行为,但修饰电极的信号值远高于单根Pt微电极,具有较高的信噪比和极低的检出限.     

纳米TiO2修饰电极的制备及其应用进展

基于纳米TiO2修饰电极在污染物的光电催化降解、太阳能电池和电化学传感器等领域具有诱人的应用前景,纳米TiO2修饰电极的制备方法也得到了迅速发展,主要包括溶胶凝胶法、磁控溅射法、电化学沉积法和复合法。文章在介绍纳米TiO2修饰电极制备方法的基础上,进一步综述了它的应用进展。     

纳米TiO_2的合成及纳米TiO_2/Pt修饰电极的电化学催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米TiO2粉体,通过正交实验优化了纳米TiO2的合成工艺条件,用透射电镜及X-射线衍射技术对纳米TiO2样品进行表征;进而采用涂膜法制备纳米TiO2/Pt修饰电极,通过循环伏安法研究其在葡萄糖体系中的电化学催化性能。结果表明:在钛酸丁酯与乙醇体积比为2∶3、烘干温度为80℃、焙烧温度为500℃时,合成的纳米TiO2具有最佳电化学催化性能;合成的纳米TiO2为锐钛矿型,颗粒粒径分布在5~20nm之间;纳米TiO2/Pt修饰电极对葡萄糖具有显著的电化学催化活性。     

Pt纳米粒子/ZnO纳米管修饰的钛片葡萄糖传感器

基于钛片载Pt纳米颗粒修饰的ZnO纳米管电极制备了葡萄糖生物传感器。用电化学沉积法制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列,并用化学腐蚀法制备了ZnO纳米管。Pt纳米颗粒采用恒电位沉积法修饰在ZnO纳米管表面。用扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射表征了纳米Pt-ZnO/Ti修饰电极。该修饰电极在0.05 M的NaOH中对葡萄糖的催化氧化表现出很好的响应,线性范围为1×10-5～1×10-2mol/L,响应时间小于4 s,并且具有良好的重现性。     

自组装普鲁士蓝膜修饰电极的制备及表征

通过静电自组装技术在Pt电极表面组装了不同层数的普鲁士蓝（PB）膜，得到了PB修饰的Pt电极。分别利用扫描电镜（SEM）和紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）表征膜的形貌及光学特性，并且采用循环伏安法（CV）测量膜修饰的Pt电极的循环伏安特性。结果表明：通过自组装技术可以制备出可控厚度的纳米尺度的PB膜修饰电极，膜的紫外吸收峰强度与组装层数符合线性关系，膜的组成同时含有可溶和不溶性PB，且循环伏安法所得到的峰电流正比于扫描速度的平方根以及PB的本体浓度，修饰电极具有好的电化学性能，可用于生物传感器。     

纳米TiO_2-Pt修饰电极上甲醇的电催化氧化研究

用电化学法合成前驱体Ti(OEt)4,经直接水解法制备纳米TiO2膜,通过直接在纳米TiO2膜上电沉积Pt微粒得到纳米TiO2 Pt复合催化电极。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,纳米TiO2的晶形为锐钛矿型,粒径约30nm,电沉积纳米Pt粒子(平均粒径约60nm)均匀地分散在纳米TiO2膜表面。循环伏安和计时电位测试表明,纳米TiO2 Pt修饰电极对甲醇的电氧化具有高催化活性和稳定性,Pt载量为0 68mg/cm2时,室温下甲醇氧化电流达到190mA/cm2,是纯Pt电极上的7 6倍。     

纳米金修饰电极的电化学研究

将由柠檬酸三钠与氯金酸制备的纳米金颗粒利用自组装方法修饰于金电极表面形成纳米金修饰电极,运用N5粒度测定仪、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对纳米颗粒及其修饰电极进行了表征。利用循环伏安法（CV）与交流阻抗法（EIS）研究了纳米金修饰电极的电化学性质。     

纳米TiO2-Pt修饰电极的制备、性能及应用

采用电化学合成法和电沉积法制备高活性钛基纳米TiO₂-Pt(Ti/nano-TiO₂-Pt)修饰电极,通过循环伏安法研究并比较了钛基纳米TiO₂膜电极、纯Pt电极、Ti/nano-TiO₂-Pt电极在H₂SO₄溶液中的电化学行为以及Ti/nano-TiO₂-Pt电极对Mn²⁺氧化为Mn³⁺的电催化性能.结果表明纳米TiO₂-Pt修饰电极对Mn²⁺的电氧化有高催化活性.Mn²⁺氧化峰电位为1.28 V（vs SCE）,比纯Pt电极负移0.12 V;析氧电位为1.40 V,比纯Pt电极高0.08 V.Ti/nano-TiO₂-Pt修饰电极催化性能优于纯Pt电极和纳米TiO₂膜电极,非均相电解氧化效率可达90%以上.电解得到的Mn³⁺可一步氧化甘油为甘油醛,收率为96%.     

芦丁在纳米复合材料修饰电极上的行为及其测定

制备了Fe_3O_4/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料修饰电极,采用红外光谱和电化学阻抗法进行了表征,研究了芦丁在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在1.0×10~(-9)~1.0×10~(-6) mol/L浓度范围内,芦丁的差分脉冲氧化峰电流与浓度呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为0.6 nmol/L。该修饰电极具有良好的重现性和稳定性,可简便、快捷、灵敏地检测金樱子中芦丁的含量。     

金纳米粒子修饰玻碳电极的电化学行为研究

利用层层自组装技术,通过有机偶联层胱胺将金纳米粒子修饰在玻碳电极上,得到金纳米粒子/胱胺/玻碳电极,并通过循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱对修饰电极的电化学行为进行研究,结果表明该修饰电极具有优于裸玻碳电极的良好的电化学性能,可用于进一步的应用。     

Electrochemical behavior of phenol in alkaline media at hydrotalcite-like clay/anionic surfactants/glassy carbon modified electrode

The electrochemical behavior of phenol, using glassy carbon (GC) modified electrodes containing a hydrotalcite (HT)-like clay and anionic surfactants such as sodium octyl sulfate (SOS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) in alkaline media, has been examined. Phenol oxidation at the modified electrodes, after a time accumulation under open circuit conditions, promotes increments of the current and shifts the oxidation potential to less positive values, compared to phenol oxidation at HT-GC or GC electrodes. The phenol oxidation is favored by the presence of surfactants in the films. The results suggest that the surfactant molecules intercalate between the HT layers, yielding a hydrophobic clay capable of preconcentrating phenol molecules. X-ray diffraction analyses showed a larger spacing of the HT layers when the surfactant intercalates between them. Cyclic voltammograms have shown that the SOS-HT-GC modified electrode exhibits short-lived activity for phenol oxidation as a consequence of surface fouling, while the SDS-HT-GC and SDBS-HT-GC modified electrodes showed a more stable behavior. The SDBS-HT-GC modified electrode was the most effective adsorbing phenol, since the charge (Q), obtained from the integration of the anodic peak current of the phenol, is higher at this modified electrode. This is probably because the adsolubilization capacity of phenol on the SDBS-HT-GC electrode is higher than on SDS-HT-GC electrode.     

CO and methanol electrooxidation on Pt/Ir/Pt multilayers electrodes

This work describes the CO and methanol electrooxidation over an Ir/Pt bilayer electrodeposited on a platinum polycrystalline substrate. In the blank acidic solution it was observed that the electrochemical behavior of both the polycrystalline Pt and Pt/Ir/Pt nanostructured electrodes were very similar. The electroactive area, calculated using the hydrogen desorption method, are the same for both materials. In order to investigate the effect of the thickness change of Ir interlayer, two different samples were prepared. One with 1 Ir monolayer and the second with 3 monolayers thick. CO stripping voltammograms showed a shift in the anodic peak potential towards the negative direction of 160 and 180 mV for Pt/Ir/Pt 3:1 and 1:1 ML, respectively, compared to polycrystalline Pt. Besides, for methanol electrooxidation, the Pt/Ir/Pt electrodes presented an increase of 170% in the peak current density compared to polycrystalline Pt. These results are in agreement with the calculated activation energies which were 31.5, 39.0 and 43.5 kJ mol⁻¹ for Pt/Ir/Pt 1:1, 3:1 ML and polycrystalline Pt electrodes, respectively. Using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, surprisingly, the Pt/Ir/Pt electrodes, did not exhibit the inductive arc which means that the poisoning of the electrode surface is not important in this case.     

Simple design of cast myoglobin/polyethyleneimine modified electrodes

Negatively charged myoglobin (at pH values above its isoelectric point) was immobilized with the positively charged polyion polyethyleneimine (PEI) on pyrolytic graphite electrodes. A modified form of the common layer-by-layer technique was proposed, which consisted in forming non-ordered cast polyion films. The modified Mb electrodes obtained by both techniques were compared by cyclic voltammetry. The cast polyion technique gave less reproducible results but enable the immobilization of higher percentages of the total quantity of protein required to prepare the electrodes. The electrochemical properties of the negatively charged myoglobin were determined, and its capability to catalyze the electrochemical reduction of oxygen and the dechlorination of trichloroacetic acid was demonstrated. The mechanisms are discussed, and the modified pathway that has been proposed to take into account the influence of pH in the Mb-catalyzed reduction of oxygen was confirmed here.     

Cobalt Oxide Electrodes-Problem and a Solution Through a Novel Approach using Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB)

In this article, we present a critical review of the literature on cobalt oxide modified electrodes, focusing on their cyclic voltammetric behavior. This article provides a broad survey of the field of electrochemical preparation of cobalt oxide films and their application in elecrocatalysis and electroanalysis. We discuss and analyze the complexity associated with the electrochemical behavior of cobalt oxide films, formed either through electrochemical methods or other methods. A solution is offered to the problem of complex redox couples of CoO film by introducing a novel cobalt oxide film. This is the first review paper on cobalt oxide modified electrodes. Focusing on this topic, all articles from 1922 to April 2014 are verified and the relevant articles are cited.     

电沉积制备Pt-Ru合金电极

采用电沉积法制备Pt-Ru合金电极.研究了电解液中Pt和Ru的浓度对电极表面组成形貌和电催化活性的影响.实验表明,优化电解液中Ru的浓度,可使电极表面形成分布均匀的纳米级Pt-Ru合金,并表现出良好的电催化性能.采用环境扫描电子显微镜表征电极的表面形貌;采用能谱仪测定Pt-Ru电极的表面组成;采用循环伏安法测量Pt-Ru电极的电化学性能.     

Electrochemical performance of polymer-derived SiOC and SiTiOC ceramic electrodes for artificial cardiac pacemaker applications

In an implantable electrode, such as a pacemaker electrode, fibrotic tissue formation due to a foreign body reaction is an important challenge affecting the efficiency to transmit the electrical signal of the device. The chemical inertness, biocompatibility, and electrical conductivity of polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) are promising features in terms of overcoming this challenge. Here, the electrochemical behavior of polymer-derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) and titanium-doped SiOC (SiTiOC) ceramic electrodes for use as pacemaker electrodes is investigated by measuring impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. In addition, typical stimulation electrodes such as iridium oxide, titanium nitride, platinum, and glassy carbon were prepared and loaded simultaneously into a custom-made electrochemical testing platform for comparison with SiOC and SiTiOC electrodes under identical conditions. The SiOC and SiTiOC electrodes shows a wide electrochemical stability window in the range of ?0.9 to 1.2 V with a double layer capacitance as the charge injection mechanism at the electrode/phosphate-buffered saline interface. Also, analyzing the voltage transient shows that the maximum charge injection of the SiTiOC electrode was about 28 μC/cm². The results of the electrochemical evaluation and comparison of SiOC and SiTiOC stimulating electrodes will be helpful to understand fundamental characteristics for the potential of this material as candidate for next-generation pacemaker electrodes.     

Deposition of clusters and nanoparticles onto boron-doped diamond electrodes for electrocatalysis

Metal and metal oxide particles and nanoparticles, differing from each other by their nature and synthesis technique, were deposited onto boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin film electrodes. The applicability in electrocatalysis of thermally decomposed IrO₂ and Au nanoparticles, electrodeposited Pt particles, dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles (Pt DENs) and microemulsion-synthesized Pt/Ru nanoparticles was studied, once deposited on BDD substrate. In all cases, the electrochemical response of the composite electrodes could be solely attributed to the supported particles. All the particles, with the exception of Pt DENs, exhibited electrocatalytic activity. Pt DENs inactivity has been attributed to insufficient removal of the dendrimer polymer matrix. It was concluded that the BDD electrode is a suitable substrate for the electrochemical investigation of supported catalytic nanoparticles.     

Cr(III) oxidation with lead dioxide-based anodes

A procedure for preparing PbO₂-based electrodes with a titanium substrate is proposed. A platinum underlayer is first deposited on Ti by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), followed by the electrodeposition of the PbO₂ layer. The prepared Ti/Pt/PbO₂ anodes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) before being used for oxidation of Cr(III) in sulphuric acid. The current efficiency was determined for that electrodes and the results were compared with those obtained with Pb/PbO₂ and Ebonex^®/PbO₂ electrodes with different pH conditions. The Ti/Pt/PbO₂ were found to have a very good electrochemical behaviour (current efficiency: φ=0.93 for pH 2), and may be used as dimensionally stable anodes for the oxidation of Cr(III).