葡萄糖调节蛋白94在人胚胎发育中的表达

目的 为探讨葡萄糖调节蛋白９４（ＧＲＰ９４）在胚胎发育中的作用,研究了１０－３１周人胎组织ＧＲＰ９４的定位及表达。方法 用ＳＰ免疫组织化学方法。结果 结肠粘膜上皮,肾小管上皮及肝细胞的胞质内,在１０周已有ＧＲＰ９４的表达,１８－２０周时表达增多,一直维持较高水平。胃粘膜上皮及心肌细胞也有较强的表达。     

吐温80合并温热对B16黑色素瘤细胞hsp 70、c-fos、泛蛋白及S-100蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究吐温80与温热合并的协同抗肿瘤机理及与凋亡的关系.方法:用免疫组化方法.观察吐温80合并41℃温热作用后即时、4小时和72小时,B16肿瘤细胞热休克蛋白70(hsp 70)、c-fos、泛蛋白以及S-100蛋白表达的改变,并进行定量分析.结果:hsp70和C-fos蛋白呈中等阳性反应,分别位于B16细胞的胞质和胞核;泛蛋白为弱阳性、S-100蛋白呈强阳性,分布于胞质;41℃ 60分钟作用可增强hsp70表达.以4小时为显著.核亦呈阳性反应;对其它蛋白表达无明显影响;吐温80单独可轻度抑制hsp70表达;温热与吐温80合并作用能显著抑制hsp70表达,c-fos和泛蛋白表达则明显增加.S-100蛋白变化各组无显著意义.结论:吐温80增强温热抗肿瘤的效应可能与其抑制hsp70合成.影响细胞热耐受性的产生和诱导细胞调亡有关.     

结核分枝杆菌小分子热休克蛋白16.3蛋白的原核表达及功能检测

目的进行结核分枝杆菌小分子热休克蛋白MTB Hsp16.3原核表达载体的构建、表达、纯化并初步观察其生物学效应。方法提取临床H37Rv分离株基因组DNA,PCR扩增Hsp16.3基因,将其重组到原核表达载体Pet28a中,构建原核表达载体Pet28a-Hsp16.3,进行双酶切及测序鉴定。将测序正确的重组质粒转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达后,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE检测,同时通过镍柱纯化试剂盒纯化Hsp16.3,测定纯化后蛋白浓度,并进行Western blot法检测。将不同浓度纯化后蛋白作用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测巨噬细胞IL-10和IFN-γ的表达,同时设定空白对照组及阳性对照组。结果成功构建重组质粒Pet28a-Hsp16.3,并在E.coli BL21(DE3)中获得成功表达,通过镍柱纯化系统得到纯化Hsp16.3融合蛋白。qRT-PCR检测结果显示,不同浓度纯化后Hsp16.3蛋白作用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,可促进IFN-γ的产生而抑制IL-10的产生。结论成功克隆、表达和纯化了MTB Hsp16.3蛋白,Hsp16.3能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生IFN-γ,抑制IL-10的产生。     

大鼠肝大部切除后热休克处理对热休克蛋白和磷酸酶的影响

目的　研究热休克蛋白 (Hsc70 /Hsp6 8)、酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)、碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)在肝再生过程中的生物学作用 ,检测这些大分子在大鼠肝大部切除后热休克处理下的动态变化。　方法　用组织化学、免疫组织化学、Western印迹、酶的原位复性电泳、体视学分析、比色分析等方法。　结果　肝切除和热休克联合处理 (PH - HS)后的0～ 144 h恢复期间 ,ACP有 3个高活性期 (12、36和 96 h) ,AKP有 2个高活性期 (12和 36 h) ,Hsc70 /Hsp6 8有 2个高表达期 (16和 48h) ;PH- HS后 ACP和 AKP活性增强与 140～ 180 k D的酶活性增加有关。与只进行热休克 (HS) (44℃ ,30 min)处理或与只进行 2 /3肝切除 (PH)后恢复期间 Hsc70 /Hsp6 8含量和磷酸酶活性动态变化的比较表明 ,PH- HS对 Hsc70 /Hsp6 8含量和磷酸酶活性的影响可持续 12 0 h;PH- HS中的 PH能略微降低 ACP和 AKP活性 ,减少 HS诱导肝细胞合成 Hsc70 /Hsp6 8的量 ;PH- HS中的 HS处理能抑制 PH诱导的 Hsc70 /Hsp6 8表达和推迟 ACP活性高峰出现的时间。　结论　 ACP、AKP和 Hsc70 /Hsp6 8均在肝细胞的 HS反应和肝再生中起作用 ,其中 ,ACP可能在启动肝再生中起重要作用 ,AKP和 Hsc70 /Hsp6 8可能在 DNA合成和细胞分裂中起重要作用     

热体克蛋白70在肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的　探讨热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70 )在肝细胞癌 (HCC)中的表达及其意义。方法　采用免疫组化技术对 4 4例HCC和癌旁组织中HSP70的表达进行检测。结果　HCC中HSP70阳性率明显高于癌旁组织 (阳性率分别为 6 8.2 %和2 7.3% ,χ2 =7.3,P <0 .0 1)。HSP70表达与癌周淋巴细胞浸润 (χ2 =3.2 ,P >0 .0 5 )和转移 (χ2 =2 .3,P >0 .0 5 )无关 ,但与癌组织分化程度有关 (χ2 =4 .5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　HSP70的异常表达与HCC的发生、发展有关 ,且可能是HCC发展、恶化的重要标志     

p120ctn在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨p120ctn在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及与各临床病理因素和预后的关系.方法应用p120ctn单克隆抗体,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测143例非小细胞肺癌p120ctn表达情况,其中36例同时应用Western blot方法对其蛋白表达和亚型情况进行了观察.结果免疫组织化学正常支气管黏膜细胞p120ctn表达为细胞膜强阳性,而在非小细胞肺癌中绝大多数表现为膜表达减弱或出现胞质内异位表达,其异常表达率为79.7%(114/143).异常表达与组织学类型无关(P>0.05),但与肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期和淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05),与非小细胞肺癌患者不良预后正相关.胞质的异位表达更容易出现在胞膜表达减弱的病例中,鳞癌中胞质异位表达高于腺癌.Western blot正常组织中p120ctn总蛋白量明显高于非小细胞肺癌,二者差异有统计学意义(P＝0.003).正常肺组织p120ctn以亚型1(相对分子质量120 000)和亚型3(相对分子质量100 000)表达为主,而肿瘤组织中则以亚型1表达缺失或减弱为主.结论 p120ctn在非小细胞肺癌组织有异常表达,可作为评估预后的辅助指标.     

GRP94的功能及其与肿瘤的相关性

葡萄糖调节蛋白94(gloucose requlated protein 94,GRP94)是HSP90家族的成员,主要定位于内质网中.GRP94作为分子伴侣参与蛋白质的折叠、转运和分泌外,还参与了细胞凋亡以及抗原的提呈.GRP94与肿瘤的发生以及进展密切相关,肿瘤的分化程度越低,GRP94的表达也越高.GRP94又可将肿瘤特异性抗原提呈给专业提呈细胞启动特异性的免疫反应.GRP94在肿瘤的发生及转归中发挥了重要的作用.     

p53基因249M和273H突变在肝癌细胞系HepG2中与热休克蛋白70定位关系的研究

目的:定点突变合成p53基因突变子,构建绿色荧光蛋白表达载体,进而观察其在HepG2细胞中与内源性热休克蛋白70的共定位关系.方法:以野生型p53为模板,采用PCR体外定点突变技术通过重叠延伸法2次PCR扩增得到目的基因片段,进一步将其克隆到绿色荧光蛋白载体pEGFP-C3中.将构建好的载体转染到HepG2 细胞中,利用免疫荧光染色法检测内源性热休克蛋白70的表达,利用荧光显微镜观察hsp70与p53的共定位关系.结果:测序结果显示片段插入正确,在预期位点发生了点突变,249位氨基酸由AGG突变为AGC,273位氨基酸由CGT突变为CAT.载体成功构建.转染后观察到热休克蛋白70与273H p53共同定位于肝癌细胞系HepG2的胞质,而wt p53与249M p53均定位于细胞核.结论:热休克蛋白70与不同点突变的p53在肝癌细胞系HepG2中的共定位关系与之前我们在肝癌组织中发现的hsp70与p53共定位关系不同,这些提示在hsp70与p53的共定位关系和相互作用上存在某种尚未阐明的机制.     

非小细胞肺癌中Abi1的表达及其与预后的关系

目的探讨Abi1在人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中表达的临床意义及其与肺癌转移和预后的关系.方法采用RT-PCR检测41例肺癌及其对应癌旁组织Abi1 mRNA的表达;免疫组织化学检测112例人NSCLC石蜡切片中的表达,采用χ2检验检测其与临床病理学特征的关系,Log-rank检验Abi1表达与生存时间的关系,Cox模型作单因素和多因素预后分析.结果41例肺癌中Abi1 mRNA的表达较癌旁肺组织高,光密度比值分别为1.9±1.0和1.0±0.6,差异有显著性;肺癌Abi1 mRNA的过表达与肺癌的分期、血管浸润、淋巴结转移有关.免疫组织化学染色证实Abi1主要表达在癌细胞胞质,Abi1阳性表达患者生存率明显低于阴性组.结论Abi1与肺癌的侵袭转移关系密切并有可能成为新的预后指标.     

结核分枝杆菌小分子热休克蛋白16．3蛋白的原核表达及功能检测北大核心CSCD

目的进行结核分枝杆菌小分子热休克蛋白MTB Hsp16.3原核表达载体的构建、表达、纯化并初步观察其生物学效应。方法提取临床H37Rv分离株基因组DNA,PCR扩增Hsp16.3基因,将其重组到原核表达载体Pet28a中,构建原核表达载体Pet28a-Hsp16.3,进行双酶切及测序鉴定。将测序正确的重组质粒转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达后,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE检测,同时通过镍柱纯化试剂盒纯化Hsp16.3,测定纯化后蛋白浓度,并进行Western blot法检测。将不同浓度纯化后蛋白作用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测巨噬细胞IL-10和IFN-γ的表达,同时设定空白对照组及阳性对照组。结果成功构建重组质粒Pet28a-Hsp16.3,并在E.coli BL21(DE3)中获得成功表达,通过镍柱纯化系统得到纯化Hsp16.3融合蛋白。qRT-PCR检测结果显示,不同浓度纯化后Hsp16.3蛋白作用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,可促进IFN-γ的产生而抑制IL-10的产生。结论成功克隆、表达和纯化了MTB Hsp16.3蛋白,Hsp16.3能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生IFN-γ,抑制IL-10的产生。     

Stable complexes formed by Grp94 with human IgG promoting angiogenic differentiation of HUVECs by a cytokine-like mechanism

To explore the molecular mechanisms by which complexes of Grp94 with IgG, purified from the plasma of diabetic subjects, could drive an inflammatory risk in vascular cells, native Grp94 was co-incubated with human, non-immune IgG to obtain the formation of complexes that were then tested on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Co-incubation of Grp94 with IgG led to the formation of stable, SDS-resistant complexes that displayed effects partly similar and partly significantly different from those of Grp94 alone. Both Grp94 alone and with IgG stimulated the cell growth and promoted angiogenesis by a mechanism of autocrine/paracrine activation of the expression of heat shock protein (HSP)90 and HSP70. However, the most striking alterations in the cell cytoskeleton, characterized by dramatic rearrangement of actin and increased formation of podosomes, were induced by Grp94 with IgG, and were mediated by the enhanced expression of HSP90. At variance with Grp94 alone, Grp94 with IgG promoted the angiogenic differentiation by activating a signaling pathway apparently independent of the intense stimulation of the ERK1/2 pathway that was instead more directly involved in mediating the proliferative effects on HUVECs. Results show unprecedented cytokine-like effects of Grp94 and a so far undisclosed capacity to bind irreversibly IgG, forming complexes that, with respect to Grp94 alone, display a more intense angiogenic transforming capacity that may predict an increased inflammatory risk in vascular cells in vivo.     

Immunohistochemical screening for beta6-integrin subunit expression in adenocarcinomas using a novel monoclonal antibody reveals strong up-regulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in vivo and in vitro

AIMS: To analyse the expression of alphavbeta6, an epithelial integrin involved in wound healing and tumorigenesis, in various human carcinoma types. METHODS AND RESULTS: A new monoclonal antibody to the human beta6 subunit, 5C4, was used to locate alphavbeta6 in 157 cancers of gastroenteropancreatic and 21 of lung origin. The data were validated by analysis of alphavbeta6 extracted from histological sections. Alphavbeta6 integrin showed strongest expression in 34 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (mean score 2.88 +/- 0.52), followed by 24 intestinal-type gastric carcinomas (1.45 +/- 1.06) and eight lung adenocarcinomas (1.37 +/- 1.1). Moderate expression was found in 31 diffuse-type gastric carcinomas (0.94 +/- 0.83), seven duodenal adenocarcinomas (0.8 +/- 1.34) and 26 colorectal adenocarcinomas (0.76 +/- 0.71). Little alphavbeta6 was seen in seven liver cell carcinomas and six neuroendocrine tumours. Well-differentiated carcinomas expressed more beta6 than poorly differentiated tumours. Peritumoral epithelial tissues where alphavbeta6-expressing tumours arose also expressed alphavbeta6. There was no correlation between expression of alphavbeta6 and its ligands tenascin and fibronectin in pancreatic and gastric carcinomas. Spheroid formation by pancreatic carcinoma cell lines led to alphavbeta6 up-regulation, but appeared independent of classical ligand binding to alphavbeta6. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that: (i) alphavbeta6 is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas; (ii) alphavbeta6-positive carcinomas originate from alphavbeta6-expressing tissues; (iii) alphavbeta6 expression in tumours seems to be regulated independently from that of its ligands tenascin and fibronectin; and (iv) in-vitro overexpression of alphavbeta6 in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines accompanies spheroid formation.     

Expression of heat shock protein 70 in nasopharyngeal carcinomas: different expression patterns correlate with distinct clinical prognosis

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 70, a stress protein, has been implicated in tumor progression. However, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression has not yet been clearly investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to examine the expression patterns of Hsp70, human leukocyte antigen -A (HLA-A) in NPC tissue samples. RESULTS: The expression of Hsp70 exhibited different spatial patterns among nuclear, membrane and cytoplasm in 507 NPC tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that different Hsp70 expression patterns are correlated with different patient outcomes. High membranal and cytoplasmic levels of Hsp70 predicted good survival of patients. In contrast, high nuclear abundance of Hsp70 correlated with poor survival. Moreover, the membranal and cytoplasmic levels of Hsp70 were positively correlated with levels of the MHC I molecule HLA-A. CONCLUSIONS: Different Hsp70 expression patterns had distinct predictive values. The different spatial abundance of Hsp70 may imply its important role in NPC development and provide insight for the development of novel therapeutic strategies involving immunotherapy for NPC.     

siRNA特异性抑制卵巢癌细胞葡萄糖调节蛋白78表达及其意义的研究

目的研究利用小分子干扰技术（RNAi）,构建Grp78靶向RNA干扰质粒载体,观察其对人类卵巢癌细胞SKOV3Grp78基因表达的抑制作用。初步探讨RNA干扰技术抑制Grp78的表达作为卵巢癌基因治疗的可行性。方法从GeneBank中选取人类卵巢癌细胞Grp78基因序列,采用siRNA Target Designer-Version 1.51设计软件设计Grp78基因发卡寡核苷酸,序列符合siRNA表达载体psiSTRIKETMU6的要求并与psiSTRIKETM质粒载体连接,采用脂质体转染法将含有特异性小分子干扰Grp78 mRNA的重组载体psiSTRIKETM/Grp78导入卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3中,分别在转染前、转染后24h、48h和72h通过RT-PCR和Western blot检测Grp78 mRNA及蛋白水平的表达情况,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法测定细胞经梯度浓度紫杉醇处理后的细胞存活率。结果成功构建RNA干扰质粒载体,靶向Grp78 RNA干扰质粒载体命名为psiSTRIKETM/Grp78。将上述质粒转染到卵巢癌细胞后,观察到psiSTRIKETM/Grp78能够有效的抑制Grp78 mRNA及蛋白表达。转染psiSTRIKETM/Grp78基因后的卵巢癌细胞增殖受到抑制,出现凋亡征象,且对化疗药物的敏感性增加。结论构建的RNA干扰真核表达载体psiSTRIKETM/Grp78能明显抑制Grp78 mRNA及蛋白的表达,增加卵巢癌细胞的化疗敏感性。RNAi技术抑制Grp78表达为卵巢癌的基因治疗开辟了新的思路。     

Hsp70 accumulation and ultrastructural features of lung and liver induced by ethanol treatment with and without l-carnitine protection in rats

This study examined Hsp70 accumulation and the subcellular characteristics of liver and lung when exposed to ethanol (EtOH), with and without L-carnitine protection. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 150-200 g body weight, were randomized into four groups: Control (CON), Alcohol (ALC), L-carnitine (CAR) and Alcohol-L-carnitine (ALC-CAR). EtOH was administered per os at a dose of 4 g/kg body weight (1 ml) daily for 4 weeks. Before alcohol intake, an oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of L-carnitine was also administered to the ALC-CAR group. The liver and lung samples were subjected to Hsp70 Western blot and ultrastructural analysis. The Hsp70 accumulation was higher in the liver than in the lung samples. Hepatic Hsp70 accumulation was similar for all groups in contrast to lung, where the Hsp70 accumulation depends on the group studied. The ultrastructural results showed lung but not liver alterations, evidencing a stressful condition and subsequent cellular injury for lung tissue but not for liver. The ALC-CAR group showed less lung damage than the non-protected group and resembles the general appearance of the CON and CAR groups. EtOH intoxication induced differential cellular response in liver and lung in a dose and tissue dependent manner. L-carnitine seems to reduce lung EtOH-induced subcellular damage. The promotion of heat shock or stress proteins might represent one of the mechanisms involved that need to be further investigated.     

Increased cell size and Akt activation in HER-2/neu-overexpressing invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast

AIMS: To determine whether cell size is related to HER-2/neu status and/or to Akt activation in breast carcinomas. HER-2/neu overexpression is observed in 20-30% of invasive breast carcinomas with poor pronostic features, but little is known about the cell phenotype associated with HER-2/neu activation. Akt has been found to be involved in the HER-2/neu signal transduction pathway and Akt activation has been associated with increased cell size in various models. METHODS AND RESULTS: A case-control study of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast was carried out, including 21 cases displaying HER-2/neu overexpression and 20 HER-2/neu negative controls. Cytoplasmic and nuclear sizes were measured on digitized histological pictures using cell image analysis software. Akt expression analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed histological sections using an anti-phosphorylated-Akt (Ser473) antibody. RESULTS: HER-2/neu-overexpressing carcinomas had a mean nuclear size of 75 +/- 22.2 micro m(2) and a mean cytoplasmic size of 187 +/- 52.3 micro m(2). Both values were higher than the nuclear and cytoplasmic size of HER-2/neu-negative cases (nucleus = 58 +/- 24.5 micro m(2), cytoplasm = 133 +/- 56.6 micro m(2); P = 0.02 and P =0.003, respectively). Up to 75% of the tumours with a cell size over 140 micro m(2) were HER-2/neu-positive. Immunohistochemical Akt expression was observed in 19/40 (47.5%) cases. The immunoreactivity was localized in the cytoplasm in eight cases, on the cell membrane in four cases and at both sites in seven cases. One case was not interpretable. Comparison between HER-2/neu and Akt status showed that Akt was detectable at the cell membrane in 43% (9/21) of HER-2/neu-positive and in 10% (2/19) of HER-2/neu-negative cases (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: HER-2/neu overexpression was consistently associated with increased cell size in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. This increase may be related to concomitant Akt activation. The assessment of activated pathways in HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast carcinomas may provide useful information for optimized individual HER-2/neu-targeted therapy.     

肾细胞癌中抑癌基因PTEN的表达及生物学意义

目的 :研究抑癌基因PTEN在肾细胞癌的表达及其生物学意义。方法 :应用免疫组织化学S P法检测 5例正常肾组织、18例癌旁肾组织和 40例肾细胞癌组织中抑癌基因PTEN的表达。结果 :5例正常肾组织和 18例癌旁肾组织均有较强的PTEN蛋白的表达 ,二者PTEN蛋白的表达强度、阳性细胞的分布形式无差异。抑癌基因PTEN在肾细胞癌中的表达不同于正常肾组织和癌旁肾组织 ,12 5 %的肾细胞癌呈PTEN蛋白阴性 ;17 5 %的肾细胞癌PTEN蛋白呈弱阳性 ;70 %的肾细胞癌PTEN蛋白呈阳性或强阳性 ,与癌旁组织PTEN蛋白的染色强度无差异。PTEN蛋白阴性的肾细胞癌 ,肾门淋巴结转移率为80 % ;PTEN蛋白阳性的肾细胞癌 ,肾门淋巴结转移率为 2 0 %。PTEN蛋白阴性肾细胞癌的肾门淋巴结转移率与PTEN阳性肾细胞癌的肾门淋巴结转移率比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :肾细胞癌中存在着抑癌基因PTEN的表达缺失和异常 ;抑癌基因PTEN的表达异常可能与肾细胞癌的发生、发展有关 ,抑癌基因PTEN是肾细胞癌的一种新的相关基因。     

IMMUNOREACTIVITY OF SURFACTANT-APOPROTEIN IN ADENOCARCINOMAS, LARGE CELL and SMALL CELL CARCINOMAS OF THE LUNG

Fifty seven adenocarcinomas, 43 large cell and 30 small cell lung carcinomas were immunohistochemically examined using monospecific IgG against pulmonary surfactant apoprotein. Six peripheral adenocarcinomas and one peripheral large cell carcinoma were found to be histogenetically related to type II pneumocytes. They showed an acinar, papillary or solid growth pattern. The immunohistochemical study using anti-surfactant apoprotein IgG gave a granular reaction product in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells whose intensity was variable. Intranuclaer inclusions were generally the most densely stained structures. These results suggest that lung carcinomas derived from alveolar type II cells are found not only in bronchioloalveolar tumors, but are also found in other types of adenocarcinoma and in large cell carcinomas. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1271 ∼ 1278, 1986.