Cox回归探讨宫颈癌预后影响因素

[目的 ]探讨临床病理参数对宫颈鳞癌、腺癌预后的影响。 [方法 ]用单因素和COX回归生存模型多因素分析法探讨宫颈鳞、腺癌临床病理参数对预后的影响。 [结果 ]70 2例宫颈癌组织中 ,鳞癌 6 30例 ,占 89.7%,腺癌 72例 ,占 10 .3%;宫颈癌 5年生存率为 5 7.4 %,其中鳞癌 5 8.3%,腺癌 5 7.3%,差异无显著性。单因素分析显示影响宫颈鳞、腺癌预后因素有临床分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小和组织分化程度 ;多因素分析FIGO分期和淋巴结转移进入鳞、腺癌Cox回归方程。 [结论 ]淋巴结转移和临床分期均可作为独立的评价宫颈鳞、腺癌预后的指标。     

纤维蛋白原与结直肠癌患者预后的多因素分析

目的探讨纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen,FIB）与结直肠癌患者预后之间的关系。方法回顾分析213例结直肠癌患者临床资料,探讨FIB与结直肠癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果 FIB水平与TNM分期、淋巴结侵犯、远处转移相关（P〈0.05）;FIB、TNM分期、淋巴结侵犯、远处转移、分化程度及肿瘤大小是患者生存率的影响因素（均P〈0.05）,FIB、淋巴结侵犯及远处转移是影响结直肠癌患者预后的独立风险因素;未转移的111例患者中,术后有47例出现转移,转移患者的FIB水平为（3.81±0.79）g/L,高于未转移者（P〈0.05）;全组5年生存率为59.2%（126/213）,213例患者平均生存时间为（1551.72±153.48）d,与FIB水平呈显著负相关（r=-0.41,P〈0.05）。结论 FIB水平与结直肠癌患者TNM分期及淋巴结侵犯相关,FIB水平、淋巴结侵犯及远处转移影响结直肠癌患者预后。     

淋巴结转移及分化程度对食管鳞癌术后预后的影响

目的 探讨淋巴结转移数目及肿瘤分化程度对食管鳞癌术后预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2004年12月～2005年12月期间412例胸段食管鳞癌手术患者的临床病理及随访资料,采用Kaplan-meier生存曲线对淋巴结转移分级、肿瘤分化程度分级进行生存分析.结果 患者5年随访率为94.9%,全组总的5年生存率为34.0%.按淋巴结转移个数分组：无淋巴结转移、1～2个淋巴结转移、3～6个淋巴结转移、≥7个淋巴结转移,各组间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.按肿瘤分化程度分组,高分化鳞癌、中分化鳞癌、低分化及未分化鳞癌,各组间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 2009年第7版国际食管癌TNM分期标准中的淋巴结转移分级,肿瘤分化程度分级,更为合理并能更好地反映食管鳞癌切除手术患者的预后.     

Cox回归探讨宫颈癌预后影响因素

[目的]探讨临床病理参数对宫颈鳞癌、腺癌预后的影响。[方法]用单因素和COX回归生存模型多因素分析法探讨宫颈鳞、腺癌临床病理参数对预后的影响。[结果]702例宫颈癌组织中，鳞癌630例，占89.7％，腺癌72例，占10．3％；宫颈癌5年生存率为57．4％，其中鳞癌58．3％，腺癌57．3％，差异无显著性。单因素分析显示影响宫颈鳞、腺癌预后因素有临床分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小和组织分化程度；多因素分析FIGO分期和淋巴结转移进入鳞、腺癌Cox回归方程。[结论]淋巴结转移和临床分期均可作为独立的评价宫颈鳞、腺癌预后的指标。     

食管癌切除术后患者预后的Cox回归分析

目的探讨影响食管癌切除术后患者的预后因素。方法对1992～2000年间接受手术治疗的971例食管癌术后患者预后进行研究。选择14个可能对食管癌切除术后预后产生影响的研究因素，通过Cox比例风险模型对术后患者预后进行多因素分析，并估计预后指数，以及用寿命表法计算累计生存率。结果全组3年生存率78．29％，5年生存率68．81％，中位生存期为97．49月。Cox多因素分析表明．影响预后的独立因素是临床分期、肿瘤部位、侵及深度、分化程度及淋巴结转移个数。结论全组患者3年、5年生存率较高，食管癌肿瘤临床分期是食管癌切除术后影响预后的重要因素。早期诊断病人，在临床分期的较早期实施手术，对患者预后及提高术后生存率具有非常重要意义。     

Cox回归探讨宫颈癌预后影响因素

[目的]探讨临床病理参数对宫颈鳞癌、腺癌预后的影响.[方法]用单因素和COX回归生存模型多因素分析法探讨宫颈鳞、腺癌临床病理参数对预后的影响.[结果]702例宫颈癌组织中,鳞癌630例,占89.7%,腺癌72例,占10.3%;宫颈癌5年生存率为57.4%,其中鳞癌58.3%,腺癌57.3%,差异无显著性.单因素分析显示影响宫颈鳞、腺癌预后因素有临床分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小和组织分化程度;多因素分析FIGO分期和淋巴结转移进入鳞、腺癌Cox回归方程.[结论]淋巴结转移和临床分期均可作为独立的评价宫颈鳞、腺癌预后的指标.     

Cox回归探讨宫颈癌预后影响因素

[目的]探讨临床病理参数对宫颈鳞癌、腺癌预后的影响.[方法]用单因素和COX回归生存模型多因素分析法探讨宫颈鳞、腺癌临床病理参数对预后的影响.[结果]702例宫颈癌组织中,鳞癌630例,占89.7%,腺癌72例,占10.3%;宫颈癌5年生存率为57.4%,其中鳞癌58.3%,腺癌57.3%,差异无显著性.单因素分析显示影响宫颈鳞、腺癌预后因素有临床分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小和组织分化程度;多因素分析FIGO分期和淋巴结转移进入鳞、腺癌Cox回归方程.[结论]淋巴结转移和临床分期均可作为独立的评价宫颈鳞、腺癌预后的指标.     

宫颈癌复发及预后临床因素分析

目的探讨宫颈癌患者的临床因素与其复发及预后的关系。方法回顾分析我院收治的80例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan—Meier法计算总生存率,Log—rank法检验和单因素预后分析,采用Logistic回归分析临床因素与复发间的相关性,并运用COX回归分析临床因素与预后间的相关性。结果患者的FIGO分期、病理分化程度、组织学类型、术后辅助放化疗以及淋巴结转移是影响复发的相关因素（P〈0．05）。Logistic多因素分析结果显示：FIGO分期、病理分化程度、组织学类型、淋巴结转移以及术后辅助放化疗是影响复发的独立因素。患者的发病年龄、FIGO分期、肿瘤直径、病理分化程度、肌层浸润深度、组织学类型、术后辅助放化疗以及淋巴结转移是影响预后的相关因素（P〈0．05）。COX回归多因素分析结果显示：年龄、FIGO分期,病理分化程度、肌层浸润深度、组织学类型、淋巴结转移以及术后辅助放化疗是影响预后的独立因素。结论临床分期晚、低分化、非鳞癌以及淋巴转移是影响宫颈癌的预后和复发的主要危险因素,发病年龄、肿瘤直径以及肌层浸润深度为影响宫颈癌预后的一个重要因素,其治疗也值得进一步探讨。     

食管腺癌中EGF的表达及临床意义和预后的关系

目的研究讨论EGF在食管腺癌的表达情况及其与临床特征、预后的关系。方法运用免疫组织化学方法研究EGF在50例食管腺癌标本中的表达水平并分析其与患者临床病理特征及预后的相关性。结果 EGF在50例食管腺癌、癌旁组织中的阳性率分别为64%和22%。Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析,结果显示临床分期和淋巴结转移是EGF表达相关的独立因素(P0.05)本组研究三年生存率59.6%,五年生存率42.5%,预后单因素分析:有淋巴结转移的患者比无淋巴结转移的5年生存率短(P=0.010),临床分期高的比临床分期低的5年生存率短(P=0.005),EGF阳性的患者比EGF阴性患者生存时间短(P=0.041),分化程度低的比分化程度高的生存时间短(P=0.006),而与性别,年龄,肿瘤浸润程度,肿瘤大小有无烟酒史无明显相关性。结论 EGF在食管腺癌中表达增高,且该表达与食管腺癌的浸润、发展、转移呈现一种相关性,淋巴结转移、临床分期、分化程度是食管腺癌患者预后的主要因素。     

宫颈鳞癌淋巴结转移特点、相关因素及预后分析

目的:阐明宫颈癌诸多临床病理生理因素与淋巴结转移的相关性,揭示宫颈癌淋巴结转移的规律及其对预后的影响,并针对具有不同淋巴结转移特点的宫颈癌患者制定个体化治疗方案。方法:回顾性分析中山大学肿瘤防治中心1993年12月~1996年12月收治的Ιa-Ⅱb期、以手术治疗为主的99例宫颈鳞癌患者的淋巴结转移特点、临床病理生理因素、预后及其相互关系。结果:①99例宫颈癌患者总体5年生存率60.6%,其中无淋巴结转移者5年生存率70.0%,有淋巴结转移者5年生存率36.7%。②较晚的临床分期,原发病灶大于或等于4 cm,病理分化程度较低者,有较高的淋巴结转移率,反之淋巴结转移率低。③宫颈癌单侧及单站淋巴结转移者预后好于双侧及多站淋巴结转移者;有髂总淋巴结转移者预后极差,单侧仅有闭孔淋巴结转移者5年生存率67.0%,与无淋巴结转移者相近(71.0%)。④宫颈癌闭孔淋巴结转移率最高,其它部位淋巴结转移者多合并有闭孔淋巴结转移。结论:①淋巴结转移是影响宫颈癌预后的重要因素。②临床分期、原发灶大小与宫颈癌淋巴结转移呈正相关,分化程度与淋巴结转移呈负相关。③闭孔淋巴结可能是宫颈癌的前哨淋巴结。④髂总淋巴结转移者,治疗应更积极、个体化,单侧闭孔淋巴结转移者,预后较好,或可免行术后补充治疗,而代之以密切随访。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.