基于汽轮机调节阀控制机理的分析研究

针对汽轮机调节阀控制机理进行了探讨,主要包括调节阀摆动问题、调节控制的卸荷阀问题和调节阀的纵座弹簧予紧力问题,通过分析研究,可以解决汽轮机在改造工程中出现的问题,使故障能够尽快得到解决,有利于汽轮机改造后尽快投运。     

火电厂风机变频改造节能分析

通过分析火电厂风机运行特性,总结出风机节能改造需要解决的问题,提出变频改造的需求,在阐明变频改造原理和优点的基础上,通过电厂风机改造实例,分析风机变频改造的节能效果;通过试验数据分析表明,火电厂风机通过变频改造能够取得显著的节能效果及经济效益。     

老旧电梯改造与长效机制的建立

本文对老旧电梯及老旧电梯改造存在的问题进行探讨,简要介绍重庆市推进老旧电梯改造工作制定的制度保障,提出采用BOT模式、强制第三方责任保险等方式建立老旧电梯改造的长效机制,以解决日益困扰城市发展的老旧电梯问题。     

35t／h抛煤炉改为循环流化床锅炉的简介

原35t／h抛煤机链条炉排锅炉，通过改造成为循环流化床锅炉。本文主要介绍改造的几个主要部件以及存在的问题和解决方法，改造后运行状况。     

化工装置大型风机节能改造的方法及途径

针对某化工装置 3台大功率风机运行中存在的能耗高等一系列问题 ,在比较国内各种风机节能改造方案的基础上 ,提出了采用变频调速技术的建议 ,以及在应用该技术中首先要考虑或解决的 6个具体问题。论证了实施这一技术的可行性 ,认为 :改造后不仅节能效果明显 ,投资回收期短 ,而且还能与装置其它改造融为一体 ,实现装置技术升级 ,从根本上解决装置能耗大的问题     

避免SCR入口烟温超温的设备改造方案浅析

多台巴威BWB1025-18. 3/M型锅炉在高负荷运行期间发生脱硝设备入口烟温超温报警,其中2台锅炉还存在过热器减温水水量过大问题。通过将光管省煤器改造成H型省煤器,解决了高负荷期间,脱硝设备入口烟温高问题;通过一级过热器和省煤器联合改造,解决了脱硝设备入口烟温高和过热器减温水水量过大问题。对两种设备改造方案的介绍和经济性分析,力求给同类型设备改造提供有益的借鉴。     

工业锅炉节能改造应用变频器需注意的问题

通过应用变频器对２０ｔ蒸汽／热水工业锅炉节能改造中发现和存在的问题进行分析，提出在现场处理解决这些问题的办法，为其他改造实践提供参考。     

截污井改造在黑臭河道治理方面的应用

通过对上海市松江区黑臭河道截污改造工程实例的分析,对原截污井存在的问题、解决对策、日常运维、改造效果等进行了介绍,项目实施后水体质量有明显改善,有效解决了河道黑臭的问题,提升居民生活环境。     

采用CFB技术改造小型燃煤锅炉

介绍利用CFB技术进行锅炉改造的主要问题及具体解决措施 ,从锅炉改造的实际出发 ,提供了一些经验数据 ,以供在技改工程时参考。     

丰镇电厂5号机汽机控制系统改造中问题的分析

分析说明了丰镇电厂5号机汽机控制系统改造存在的问题，通过复算找到解决方法，达到改造成功的目的。     

Mind the gap The vicious circle of measuring automobile fuel use

We review the circularity between estimates of automobile use, fuel consumption and fuel intensity. We find that major gaps exist between estimates of road gasoline, the quantity most often used to represent automobile fuel use in economic studies of transport fuel use, and the actual sales data of gasoline, diesel and other fuels used for automobiles. We note that significant uncertainties exist in values of both the number of automobiles in use and the distance each is driven, which together yield total automobile use. We present our own calculations for total automobile fuel use for a variety of OECD countries. We comment briefly on the impact of these gaps on econometric estimates of the price and income elasticities of automobile fuel use. We show that improper use of the circularity often leads to gross errors in estimating fuel intensity and other indicators of energy use for personal transport.     

Environmental performance evaluation of Beijing's energy use planning

In line with rapid economic development, urban energy consumption is increasing rapidly, resulting in environmental problems. After considering several methods to evaluate the environmental performance of energy use, including: energy ecological footprint, input–output analysis, emergy–exergy analysis, and multi-criteria decision-making, an environmental performance evaluation model is proposed, which combines the analytical hierarchy process, fuzzy extent analysis, and membership degree analysis. In the model, 18 sub-indicators of environmental performance from energy use planning are classified into four categories: structure of energy use and industry, technology and efficiency of energy use, environmental impacts caused by energy use, and the socio-economic benefits of energy use. Membership degree analysis is applied to each indicator. Three energy use scenarios which are, respectively, environment-friendly, technology-led, and economic policy-led are evaluated. The results show that the technology-led energy use planning is best. The sustainable energy use policies are proposed from three aspects, including optimizing the energy use and industrial structure, encouraging development of energy-saving and air pollution control technologies, and enhancing legislation on energy use management. The policies are helpful to optimize the trade-offs between economic growth and environmental protection in Beijing.     

Residential demand for wood: Results from the U.S. Pacific Northwest

We analyze household decisions to use wood for space heating. Logistic regression and simultaneous equation models are estimated by using billing history and survey data collected from households in the Pacific Northwest. Strong positive determinants of wood use are size of the household, heating degree days, and future electricity prices. Results from the simultaneous equation model indicate that wood and electricity demand are not strongly interrelated. Wood use is weakly positively related to electricity use in one equation and electricity use is weakly negatively related to wood use in the other.     

独山子工程建设施工现场临时用电的通病及对策

自从独山子石化总厂千万吨炼油百万吨乙烯工程实施以来,工程施工现场临时用电成为一种常态,而施工现场临时用电的安全是关系工程实施进程的重要事项。根据独山子石化千万吨炼油百万吨乙烯工程施工现场临时用电存在的安全隐患及具体表现,结合现场实际工作提出具体预防触电伤亡等减少施工现场临时用电事故的对策和方法,对指导工程现场安全临时用电具体工作以及建立施工现场临时安全用电的操作规范和标准具有一定的指导价值和借鉴意义。     

Structural decomposition of energy use in Brazil from 1970 to 1996

This paper examines the sources of changes in energy use of the Brazilian economy of industries and households from 1970 to 1996, using structural decomposition analysis based on the logarithmic mean divisia index technique. Energy use can be decomposed into eight factors that explain changes in overall energy use over the entire time period, and within five sub-periods. The growth of energy use between 1970 and 1996 was mainly influenced by changes in affluence, population and intersectoral dependencies, while changes in direct energy intensity and per capita residential energy use had a retarding impact on energy use. The novel contributions of the paper are the alignment of a previously disparate data set, the use of supply-use tables for SDA, and the application of such an SDA to a developing country. Both contributions involve solving a range of methodological issues pertaining to handling of large data sets.     

Development of a methodology for life cycle building energy ratings

Traditionally the majority of building energy use has been linked to its operation (heating, cooling, lighting, etc.), and much attention has been directed to reduce this energy use through technical innovation, regulatory control and assessed through a wide range of rating methods. However buildings generally employ an increasing amount of materials and systems to reduce the energy use in operation, and energy embodied in these can constitute an important part of the building's life cycle energy use. For buildings with ‘zero-energy’ use in operation the embodied energy is indeed the only life cycle energy use. This is not addressed by current building energy assessment and rating methods.     

The asymmetric linkage between energy use and economic growth in selected African countries: Evidence from a nonlinear panel autoregressive distributed lag model

This paper endeavors to shed light on the asymmetric heterogeneous relationship between energy use and economic growth in nineteen selected African countries from 1971 to 2014. We employ, to this end, a nonlinear panel autoregressive distributed lag model and an asymmetric panel causality test. The empirical results suggest that the relationship between energy use and economic growth is asymmetric and depends on the phases of economic cycle. Firstly, in periods of economic expansion, positive shocks on energy use have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in the long-run but have a weak positive effect in the short-run. Negative shocks on energy use have a negative and significant effect on economic growth in the long-run but a positive and significant effect in the short-run. Moreover, in periods of economic expansion, economic growth tends to react more to a decrease in energy use than to an increase in energy use. Secondly, in period of economic contraction, positive shocks on energy use accentuate the negative variation of economic growth in the long-run while in the short-run, economic contraction is resorb by negative shocks on energy use. Thirdly, net energy-importing economies located in North Africa, East Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa are the most subject to energy asymmetric shocks. For net energy-exporting countries, the asymmetric relationship between energy use and economic growth is mixed. We also find that negative changes in economic activity lead to negative variations of energy use. Fourthly, positive and negative shocks on the cyclical components of energy use and economic growth do not have, over the time, the same correlation with positive and negative shocks of one or other of the variables. From the research that has been carried out, it appears that sound economic policy decisions require information on the asymmetric linkage between energy use and economic growth.     

The economy-wide impact of controlling energy consumption in Indonesia: An analysis using a Social Accounting Matrix framework

Escalating oil prices and the need to control carbon emissions sound the alarm for Indonesia to reduce or be more efficient in its energy use. Instead of eliminating the fuel oil subsidy to promote better and more efficient use of energy, the Indonesian government seems to be more in favour of restricting energy use by, for example, requiring all hotels, restaurants, night clubs and other business activities to close down by 1 am. Societies need to understand the full consequences of adopting restricting energy use and more efficient energy use strategies toward their incomes. This paper aims to analyse the impact on the economy of energy policies aiming to reduce and to improve the efficiency of energy use, particularly on the income of various household groups. This paper will, first, construct a Social Accounting Matrix for Indonesia with detailed energy sectors and, second, utilise various multiplier analyses to observe and understand the impact of these energy policies.     

数据包络分析法和Malmquist指数在山东省用水效率分析中的应用

山东省水资源紧缺是制约其经济发展的重要瓶颈,从识别山东省用水效率关键因素的角度入手,以年度供水、总投资、用水规模为输入指标,以GDP为输出指标,运用数据包络分析法对该省17个市2011、2012年的用水效率进行分析评价,然后运用Malmquist指数分析了17个市2003~2012年的序列数据。结果表明,济南市、东营市和菏泽市的用水效率相对较高,其他城市相对较低;技术进步是影响山东省17个市用水效率的关键因素,提高用水效率的有效途径是对产业结构的优化;山东省沿海城市的用水效率明显高于内陆城市,东部地区用水效率高于西部及中部地区,其中中部地区的用水效率最低。     

Comparative analysis of energy use in China building sector: current status,existing problems and solutions

Energy use in buildings has attracted more and more attention due to its significant proportion in the energy pan of the world. China is the second largest energy user, yet the situation of energy use in the China building sector remains unclear, due to problems of statistics and data processing and problematic use of these data. In this paper, a series of methods is developed, in the first place, to give strict definitions of energy data and to divide energy use into 4 sub-sectors according to the unique situation of China. Then, each sub-sector is further analyzed through international comparisons. Existing problems of energy use and solutions for energy reduction in each sub-sector are also discussed. Accordingly, it is found that China uses much less energy, in terms of both per capita and unit area, in buildings than developed countries. The difference in energy use could be attributed, in large part, to lifestyles of local people, which could determine their way of energy use but is more determined by cultural concepts than by others such as income, technique and so on, especially in China. However, to fulfill the requirements of lifestyles with higher living standards and lower energy consumption, technological innovations are needed.