多径CDMA信道下一种改进的RLS空时接收机

该文首先在码片匹配滤波的基础上提出一种次优的数据选择方案,并分析了它对多址干扰与字符间干扰的影响;接着在此基础上提出了基于约束RLS的盲空时多用户检测算法,最后通过仿真实验验证了所提出的方法的有效性。     

基于新的数据选择方案下的盲空时多用户检测

该文首先在码片匹配滤波的基础上提出4种数据选择方案，分析了各种数据方案对多址干扰与字符间干扰的影响；接着提出了基于Rosen梯度投影实现的最小均方和最小二乘两种盲空时多用户检测方法，并分析了4种数据选择方案对这两种检测方法运算复杂度的影响；最后通过仿真实验结果的分析比较给出较合理的实现方法，该方法在运算量，收敛速度和性能上具有一定的优势，因而更加具有实用意义。     

Blind equalization and multiuser detection in dispersive CDMAchannels

The problem of blind demodulation of multiuser information symbols in a high-rate code-division multiple-access (CDMA) network in the presence of both multiple-access interference (MAI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) is considered. The dispersive CDMA channel is first cast into a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal model framework. By applying the theory of blind MIMO channel identification and equalization, it is then shown that under certain conditions the multiuser information symbols can be recovered without any prior knowledge of the channel or the users' signature waveforms (including the desired user's signature waveform), although the algorithmic complexity of such an approach is prohibitively high. However, in practice, the signature waveform of the user of interest is always available at the receiver. It is shown that by incorporating this knowledge, the impulse response of each user's dispersive channel can be identified using a subspace method. It is further shown that based on the identified signal subspace parameters and the channel response, two linear detectors that are capable of suppressing both MAI and ISI, i.e., a zero-forcing detector and a minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detector, can be constructed in closed form, at almost no extra computational cost. Data detection can then be furnished by applying these linear detectors (obtained blindly) to the received signal. The major contribution of this paper is the development of these subspace-based blind techniques for joint suppression of MAI and ISI in the dispersive CDMA channels     

Batch processing algorithms for blind equalization using higher-order statistics

Statistical signal processing has been one of the key technologies in the development of wireless communication systems, especially for broadband multiuser communication systems which severely suffer from intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI). This article reviews batch processing algorithms for blind equalization using higher-order statistics for mitigation of the ISI induced by single-input, single-output channels as well as of both the ISI and MAI induced by multiple-input, multiple-output channels. In particular, this article reviews the typical inverse filter criteria (IFC) based algorithm, super-exponential algorithm, and constant modulus algorithm along with their relations, performance, and improvements. Several advanced applications of these algorithms are illustrated, including blind channel estimation, simultaneous estimation of multiple time delays, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) boost by blind maximum ratio combining, blind beamforming for source separation in multipath, and multiuser detection for direct sequence/code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) systems in multipath.     

Blind multiuser channel estimation in asynchronous CDMA systems

In asynchronous code division multiple access (A-CDMA) systems transmitting over multipath channels, both intersymbol interference (ISI) as a result of interchip interference (ICI) and multiple access interference (MAI) cannot be easily eliminated. Although it is possible to design multiuser detectors that suppress MAI and ISI, these detectors often require explicit knowledge of at least the desired users' signature waveform. Recently, Liu and Xu (see Proc. 29th Asilomar Conf. Signals, Systems and Computers, 1996) introduced a blind estimation algorithm for synchronous CDMA (S-CDMA) systems to estimate the multiuser channels. However, this algorithm cannot be directly applied to an asynchronous CDMA (A-CDMA) system. In this paper, we study a similar blind estimation scheme that provides estimates of the multiuser channels by exploiting the structure information of the data output and the users' delays. In particular, we show that the subspace of the data matrix contains sufficient information for unique determination of channels and, hence, the signature waveforms. By utilizing antenna arrays, we extended our approach to overloaded systems, where the number of users may exceed the spreading factor     

Performance Analysis of Subspace Based Downlink Channel Estimation for W-CDMA Systems Using Chaotic Codes

This paper presents blind channel estimation for downlink W-CDMA system that employs chaotic codes and Walsh codes for spreading information bits of the multiple users. In a W-CDMA system, while transmitting over multipath channels, both intersymbol interference (ISI) as a result of Inter Chip Interference and multiple access interference (MAI) cannot be easily eliminated. Although it is possible to design multiuser detectors that suppress MAI and ISI, these detectors often require explicit knowledge of at least the desired users’ signature waveform. Earlier work focused on a subspace based channel estimation algorithm for asynchronous CDMA systems to estimate the multiple users’ symbols, where only AWGN channel was considered. In our work, we study a similar subspace-based signature waveform estimation algorithm for downlink W-CDMA systems, which use chaotic codes instead of pseudo random codes, that provide estimates of the multiuser channel by exploiting structural information of the data output at the base station. In particular, we show that the subspace of the (data+noise) matrix contains sufficient information for unique determination of channels, and hence, the signature waveforms and signal constellation. We consider Rayleigh and Rician fading channel model to quantify the multipath channel effects. Performance measures like bit error rate and root mean square error are plotted for both chaotic codes and Walsh codes under Rayleigh and Rician fading channels.     

Blind Multiuser Receivers for ISI CDMA Channels Using the ε-Approximation Algorithms

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MIMO系统中基于干扰子空间投影的盲空时多用户检测算法

该文针对多天线码分多址系统,提出了一种盲空时多用户检测算法。该算法结合空域、时域二维信息,利用Alamouti空时分组码与MIMO信道的结构特征,通过跟踪干扰子空间对多天线信道进行估计。在此基础上,通过将接收信号投影到干扰子空间的正交补空间上,实现了抑制多址干扰的空时多用户检测。该算法不仅能够自适应地跟踪信道的变化,且具有较低的算法复杂度。仿真结果表明该算法能够有效地抑制多天线码分多址系统中的多址干扰,改善系统的性能。     

干扰消除技术在CDMA网络中的应用

CDMA网络中存在前反向的多址干扰,降低了前反向容量。为了减少多址干扰对前反向容量的影响,对多址干扰产生的原因和机理进行深入分析,详细介绍了多用户检测技术和干扰消除技术。通过对造成干扰的所有用户信号信息进行检测,根据多址干扰信号的结构特征进行干扰消除和信号恢复,从而改善各个信号的信噪比,提高CDMA系统的前反向容量。重点介绍了准线性干扰消除技术QLIC（Quasi-Linear Interference Cancellation）和反向干扰消除技术RLIC（Reverse Link Interference Cancellation）的基本原理,分别对QLIC技术和RLIC技术的容量增益进行了理论推导,并计算了QLIC和RLIC对CDMA网络容量提升的程度。QLIC和RLIC是现有CDMA网络容量提升的重要技术手段,能够为运营商进行技术升级和网络部署提供重要参考。     

PDA detector For DS-CDMA cooperative system

This paper considers the uplink of a cooperative Code-Division Multiple-Access (CDMA) sys-tem where parts of mobile nodes serve as source nodes while the others serve as relay nodes at any instant in time. When the non-orthogonal spreading codes are adopted, Multiple Access Interference (MAI) will exist at both the relay nodes and the base node, causing diversity gain to diminish. To mitigate MAI and exploit full advantages of cooperation, the Probabilistic Data Association (PDA) is developed at the relay nodes and the base node. Simulation results demonstrate that some performance gains can be obtained by the PDA de-tector over the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detector at high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and conversely at low SNR.     

基于变步长独立分量分析的干扰抑制算法

多址干扰和人为干扰是CDMA体制的军事移动通信所存在的两大主要干扰。将变步长独立分量分析方法运用于设计CDMA系统的抗干扰接收机,提出了一种综合抗干扰算法。变步长独立分量分析方法能同时满足收敛速度快和稳态误差小的要求,只需要期望用户的扩频码,而无需其他更多的信息。通过仿真实验表明,提出的算法误码性能较好,同时得到了较快的收敛速度和较好的稳态误差,是一种适合CDMA移动通信系统下行链路的综合抗干扰技术。     

Successive beamforming,multiuser detection and diversity reception for multicarrier DS-CDMA system with antenna array

Code-Division Multiple-Access (CDMA) systems are interference limited,and therefore efficient interference management is necessary to enhance the performance of a CDMA system.In this paper,a successive beamforming (spatial filtering),linear decorrelating MultiUser Detection (MUD, temporal filtering) and diversity reception structure for uplink multicarrier Direct Sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) system with antenna array are proposed.By beamforming,the antenna array suppresses interference according to the distinct array signature.Subsequently,linear decorrelating MUD is ap- plied to separate the signals of different users and eliminate Multiple Access Interference (MAI).Finally, the decorrelated signals at different subcarriers that belong to the same user are combined to achieve frequency diversity.Simulation results show that the proposed structure offers significant Bit Error Rate (BER) performance improvement by successively exploiting the space-time-frequency processing.     

Rayleigh衰落信道下相位误差对相干跳频多址接入MRC分集接收系统的影响

该文研究一种新型混合通信系统,即基于多载波BPSK调制的相干跳频多址接入(FH/CDMA)系统,接收端采用最大比合并(MRC)分集接收。由于采用相位调制,接收端载波相位恢复的精确度直接影响系统性能。假设载波同步通过一阶锁相环电路(PLL)完成,由于载波恢复环路中存在高斯噪声,当系统达到同步稳态时不可避免地会产生稳态相位误差。该文采用Beaulieu级数方法和特征函数方法,得到理想相干和部分相干(存在稳态相位误差)时FH/CDMA系统误码率性能表达式。仿真结果表明,相对于单用户系统,多用户系统误码率受到相位误差影响较小,误码率性能降低的主要因素是多用户干扰。MRC分集接收能提高系统抵抗相位误差和信道衰落的能力。     

DS-CDMA系统中基于GSC算法的盲空时多用户检测

在DS-CDMA系统多径衰落信道中把广义旁瓣相消(GSC)算法应用到盲空时多用户检测中,GSC算法把自适应约束优化问题简化为非约束优化问题,同时抑制了码间串扰和多址干扰。最后应用两种不同的方法进行多径合并,并对其进行比较,仿真结果表明了GSC算法在盲空时多用户检测中的有效性。     

Space-Time Coded Beamforming for DS CDMA Downlink

1　Introduction　 In 3G mobile system, Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA) is a promising multiple access techniques. It iswell know that BeamFormin ( BF), Space Time Coding(STC) and Multiuser Detection(MUD) techniques in CDMAsystem can effectively resist Multi Path Interference (MPI),MAI and near far effects. So the system capacity will be im proved greatly by employing these techniques[1,2,8]. In Ref.[3] introduces Water Filling(WF) theory into STC to assignth…     

自适应部分干扰抵消多用户接收机

在DS/CDMA系统中,采用多用户检测技术可以有效地克服多址干扰(MAI,MultipleaccessInterference)及远近效应。本文提出了一种自适应部分干扰抵消(APPIC,AdaptivePartialParallelInterferencecancellation)算法,根据匹配滤波器输出的判决统计对多址干扰进行选通抵消,以提高系统性能。同时本文给出了自适应部分干扰抵消接收机的非相干实现方案,并给出了仿真结果。     

多径CDMA信道下最小均方盲空时多用户检测

本文首先在码片匹配滤波的基础上为多径CDMA信道环境的接收机提出四种数据选择方案,分析了各种数据方案对多址干扰与码间干扰的影响;接着提出了基于Rosen梯度投影实现的最小均方盲空时多用户检测方法并分析了四种数据选择方案对其运算复杂度的影响;最后通过仿真实验结果的分析比较给出较合理的实现方法,该方法在降低运算量具有一定的优势,因而更加具有实用意义.     

空时分组码MC-CDMA系统盲干扰抑制

该文考虑空时分组码多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)系统的盲干扰抑制。通过研究多径信号频域码空间和数据矢量空间,采用噪声子空间技术进行盲信道估计。使用一种修改的ULV更新算法进行噪声子空间跟踪,该算法不需要相关矩阵的秩估计,直接估计噪声子空间。为了抑制多址干扰(MAI),提出一种基于投影的辅助矢量(PAV)算法,用前一级滤波矢量的输出重构最大比合并(MRC)滤波矢量,将重构滤波矢量到由基本滤波矢量和前几级辅助矢量张成子空间上的正交投影作为辅助矢量,将前一级滤波矢量和新产生辅助矢量线性合并得到新的滤波矢量。仿真结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

A two-stage CMA-based receiver for blind joint equalization and multiuser detection in high data-rate DS-CDMA systems

The paper deals with the problem of blind mitigation of intersymbol interference (ISI) as well as multiple-access interference (MAI) in asynchronous high data-rate direct-sequence code-division multiple-access systems. A blind adaptive multiuser receiver based on the constant-modulus algorithm (CMA) is proposed, which demodulates each desired user by exploiting only the knowledge of its spreading code, without requiring estimation of the users's channels and timings. In order to overcome the CMA interference capture problem, which arises in a multiuser scenario, a two-stage adaptive receiver is adopted: In the first stage, partial MAI and ISI suppression is blindly achieved by exploiting the desired user signature structure properties; in the second stage, the residual MAI and the ISI are removed by using the CMA, and the information symbols of the desired user are reliably recovered. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the first stage is an effective blind adaptive strategy which allows the CMA detector in the second stage to lock on the desired-user symbol, at a particular delay. The proposed blind receiver achieves a significant performance gain in comparison with existing blind methods.     

一种子空间盲自适应多用户检测技术在天线阵CDMA系统中的应用

多用户检测技术是ＤＳ－ＣＤＭＡ中的一项关键技术,而天线阵也是一种减轻多用户干扰的方法,本文将两种技术结合在一起,提出了将子空间方法应用于天线阵多用户检测技术,这种技术可适用于低速移动台在慢衰落信道下的盲检测,仿真结果表明这种算法比单纯作最佳二维Ｒａｋｅ接收要好,和有训练序列的先做ＣＭＯＥ再做最佳合并的性能差不多。