微电解-厌氧水解酸化-SBR串联工艺处理制药废水试验研究

采用微电解－厌氧水解酸化－序批式活性污泥法（ＳＢＲ）串联工艺处理化学合成制药废水,试验分别考察了ｐＨ、温度、停留时间以及污泥负荷对整个工艺处理效果的影响。结果表明,原废水ＢＯＤ／ＣＯＤｒ约为０．１３,属难生物降解废水,经微电解－厌氧水解酸化处理后,出水ＢＯＤ／ＣＯＤＣｒ,可达０．６３,可生化性大大提高。维持ＳＢＲ进水ＣＯＤＣｒ在１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,污泥负荷为０．５ｋｇＣＯＤＣｒ／（ｋｇＭＬＳＳ．     

苎麻脱胶废水处理工艺的试验研究

本文针对苎麻脱胶废水的特点，进行了厌氧－好氧方法处理该废水的试验研究。结果表明：在常温下，当Ｎｖ为３．３３ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ＾３．ｄ，进行ＣＯＤ为１００００ｍｌ／Ｌ，ＨＲＴ为７２ｈ，厌氧流化床ＣＯＤ去除率为５０％左右。其出水稀释至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右，在０．３４ｋｇＣｏｄ／ｋｇＶＳＳ．ｄ负荷下，经６－８ｈ好氧处理即可达到国家排放标准。     

水解-酸化工艺应用于混合化工废水预处理工艺开发成功

由中油吉林石化公司研究院开发的水解酸化工艺应用于混合化工废水预处理研究成果于 2000年 12月 16日通过吉化公司组织的技术鉴定。 　　污水厌氧生物处理技术已有百年，发展至今已形成厌氧消化、生物脱氮和厌氧水解酸化 3个重要的分支。厌氧水解酸化实际上是不完全的厌氧消化，其目的仅在于对废水中的复杂有机物进行“粗加工”，以使后续好氧生物处理能顺利地进行。厌氧水解（酸化）－好氧处理工艺，是 80年代后出现的新工艺，它将厌氧与好氧技术有机的结合起来，使废水的生物处理技术进入了一个崭新阶段。在厌氧段，通过丢弃对环境要…     

水解—SBR法处理农药化工废水

介绍了水解－－ＳＢＲ法处理农药化工废水技术的原理、特点、效果。该处理设施运行后，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率平均为９０．１％，ＢＯＤ５的去除率平均为９４．２％，ＴＰ的去除率平均为８４．９％。雇就地和低了农药废水的毒性，提高了ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤＣｒ的比值，增强了可生化性，提高了ＳＢＲ的去除效果，具有较高的污染物去除率。     

两种生物反应器处理偶氮染料废水的比较

通过比较CSRT（连续搅拌式）好氧反应器和新型固定-流化复合厌氧反应器研究了偶氮染料废水处理的效果和特点。研究中采用固定-流化复合厌氧水解＋好氧生物工艺对偶氮染料废水进行处理，并取各对照水样做光谱分析，试验者还对新型复合厌氧反应器运行的影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明，偶氮染料废水直接好氧处理，去除率只有5％左右，直接厌氧水解处理，染料平均降解率60％。水解出水经好氧降解，染料还能降解65％～70％；新型固定-流化复合厌氧反应器达到其设计目标，满足厌氧水解工艺发展的要求，有较好的实用价值。     

针织印染废水处理技术

应用厌氧─好氧─物化─砂滤（或氧化塘）工艺，采用人工筛选的脱色、脱表面活性剂等优势菌处理针织印染废水，在进水水质ＣＯＤ＜７００ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＢＯＤ＜２００ｍｇ／Ｌ、色度＜５００倍、硫化物＜４０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，可使出水ＣＯＤ＜１００ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＢＯＤ＜３０ｍｇ／Ｌ、色度＜５Ｏ倍、硫化物＜０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ。出水水质可达广东省一级排放标准。     

水解酸化—好氧生物接触氧化—气浮处理高浓度印染废水

介绍了常温条件下，采用水解酸化－好氧生物接触氧化－气浮工艺处理高浓度印染废水的工程应用，印染废水经工艺处理后CODCr去除率高达95．3％，SS去除率为92．5％，该工艺占地面积小，脱色效果好，处理效率高，能广泛用于纺织印染等废水的实际工程中。     

混凝-缺氧-好氧工艺处理纺织印染废水

采用混凝－－水争酸化－－生物接触氧化工艺流程处理纺织印染废水，处理量４０００ｍ＾３／ｄ，进水ＣＯｃｒ１０００～３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ、色度４５１２～１０２４倍、ＰＨ１１～１３。从１９９８年７月开始运行至今，ＣＯＤｃｒ平均去除经为９２．３２％，色度平均去除率为９２．１９％，出水Ｐ来７，出水各项指标均符合《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》ＧＢ４２８７～１９９２一组标准的要求，运行结果表明，该工艺处理效果稳定、     

碱减量废水处理技术试验研究

采用酸析方法处理碱减量废水,实验ＰＨ４．５￣３．０时,废水ＣＯＤ去除率７０．９－７９．７％。生产性试验ＰＨ３．０８,ＣＯＤ去除率８７．１％。酸析污泥经浓缩后采用厢式压滤机脱水,具有良好的过滤性能和防腐性能,能正常稳定运行。碱减 量废水经分质酸析预处理后,与印染废水混合氧－－好氧加气浮方法处理,出水达到ＧＢ４２８７－９２表３规定的一级标准。５００ｔ／ｄ废水处理工程通过达标验收,运行稳定。     

微乳化的表面活性剂污水的处理工艺实验研究

针对高乳化的表面活性剂洗涤污水的特点,进行了厌氧－好氧方法处理废水的试验研究。结果表明,在常温常压下,当进水ＣＯＤ＝５００￣１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＨＲＴ＝４８ｈ时,厌氧段ＣＯＤ去除率达５０％左右,而系统总去除率可达８０％￣９０％,出水ＣＯＤ≤１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,达到国家排放标准。根据试验结果,提出了该种废水处理的合理工艺流程。     

Sequential anaerobic–aerobic treatment of sulphur rich phenolic leachates

Sequential biological anaerobic–aerobic treatment of oil shale ash dump leachate was studied using laboratory-scale reactors and bioassays. The COD of the leachate was 2·0–3·0 g dm^?3. The leachate was known to contain several phenolic compounds and to have a high sulphur concentration. The proportion of the leachate in the feed of the biological process was gradually increased during a 309 day test period. With 100% leachate in the feed, COD removal was 35% in the anaerobic stage while in the combined process the COD and BOD₇ removals were up to 75% and 99%, respectively. The removal of total phenols was insignificant in the anaerobic stage, while up to 85% removal was obtained by the combined anaerobic–aerobic process. In the anaerobic stage, degradation of organic compounds was mainly a result of sulphide production. The results demonstrated that the leachates were amenable to biological treatment.     

Biodegradability of slaughterhouse wastewater with high blood content under anaerobic and aerobic conditions

In this work, the biodegradability of wastewater from a slaughterhouse located in Ke?an, Turkey, was studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A very high total COD content of 7230 mg dm^?3 was found, due to an inefficient blood recovery system. Low BOD₅/COD ratio, high organic nitrogen and soluble COD contents, were in accordance with a high blood content. A respirometry test for COD fractionation showed a very low readily biodegradable fraction (S_S) of 2%, a rapidly hydrolysable fraction (S_H) of 51%, a slowly hydrolysable fraction (X_S) of 33% and an inert fraction of 6%. Kinetic analysis revealed that hydrolysis rates were much slower than these of domestic sewage. The results underlined the need for an anaerobic stage prior to aerobic treatment. Tests with an anaerobic batch reactor indicated efficient COD degradation, up to around 80% removal. Further anaerobic degradation of the remaining COD was much slower and resulted in the build up of inert COD compounds generated as part of the metabolic activities in the anaerobic reactor. Accordingly, it is suggested that an appropriate combination of anaerobic and aerobic reactors would have to limit anaerobic degradation to around 80% of the tCOD and an effluent concentration above 1000 mg dm^?3, for the optimum operation of the following aerobic stage. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

厌氧水解-好氧-吸附工艺处理印染废水

采用厌氧水解-好氧-硅藻土吸附工艺对某印染废水进行处理实验,结果表明:COD总去除率达87.6%,色度总去除率达98%,出水水质达到了<纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准>(GB 4287-1992)-级排放标准要求.在给定条件下进行厌氧和好氧处理.并分别确定厌氧和好氧处理最佳反应时间为8～10 h和6～8 h;硅藻土在去除色度上效果显著,同时具有去除COD的能力,当硅藻土投加质量浓度≥5.0 g/L时,可使印染废水出水的色度和COD达到一级排放标准要求;若色度和COD指标仅需同时满足二级排放标准要求时,硅藻土投加质量浓度为2.0 g/L.     

A comparison of treatment methods for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastes

A study of the operational variables involved in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was carried out. These included the acidic or alkaline nature of the POME discharged from the oil mills, the efficiency of the decay (or digestion) of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents of the POME, the economic benefits that could arise from the digested sludge and biogas and finally the net economic recovery abilities of the various treatment methods available. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents of the POME must be reduced to an acceptable level of 2000–3000 mg solids dm^?3 of sludge before the latter can be used as a fertiliser material. In 10 days of operational periods various anaerobic digestion treatment methods gave COD reduction efficiencies of 76–96%, the batch pond anaerobic digestion mode gave an efficiency of 76.5%, the continuous pond modes 92.5–95.5% and the tank digester 93.8%. In all anaerobic operations the optimal pH values of the POME media were in the range 7.1–7.6 and a ratio of the volatile acids to the total alkalinity of the media (VA/TA) of 0.3 or less was found to enhance the performance of these digesters. Economic analyses carried out on all modes of treatment gave the following economic recovery abilities: the decanter/drier system gave a break-even situation of 3 years, the tank digester system, 2 years, and the single stage anaerobic pond system, 6 years. The batch pond system appeared not to give a break-even situation. Of the treatment methods examined the decanter/drier and tank digester systems were concluded to be optimal.     

生物膜法A~2/O~2焦化废水处理系统缺氧反应器工艺特性

以焦化厂废水处理系统气浮设备出水为试验废水水源,在中试规模上研究了生物膜法A2/O2(厌氧/缺氧/好氧/好氧)系统中缺氧反应器的工艺特性和效果。缺氧反应器为以陶粒作填料的上流式滤池。研究结果表明,缺氧反硝化对去除焦化废水中COD有重要作用。反硝化菌可利用一些好氧微生物和厌氧微生物都难以降解的焦化废水中的有机物作碳源,反硝化反应器可去除进水中40%的COD。缺氧反硝化反应器进水碳氮质量比在5以上就可基本满足焦化废水反硝化对碳源的需求。稳定运行状况下的NO3--N容积负荷不大于0.24 kg/(m3.d)。缺氧反应器的水力停留时间不小于24 h。系统进水COD、NH3-N的质量浓度分别在1 000～2 200、200～400 mg/L范围内,对系统进水不进行稀释的条件下,水解酸化反应器HRT为20 h,缺氧反应器HRT为24 h,一级好氧反应器和二级好氧反应器HRT均为48 h,二级好氧反应器硝化液回流比为3时,生物膜法A2/O2系统处理出水的COD和NH3-N可以同时达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级排放标准。     

Enhancement in mineralization of some natural refractory organic compounds by ozonation–aerobic biodegradation

Two schemes, the first involving ozonation followed by final aerobic biodegradation (phase I experiments), and the second involving initial aerobic biodegradation, followed by ozonation and subsequent final aerobic biodegradation (phase II experiments), were examined for enhanced mineralization of refractory model compounds, viz. gallic acid, tannin and lignin. In all cases, and irrespective of the applied scheme, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), COD/TOC ratio, and specific UV absorbance at 280 nm attributed to the model compounds decreased with application of increasing ozone dose. The residual organic matter remaining after ozonation exhibited enhanced aerobic biodegradability in all cases. Further, in all cases and irrespective of the applied scheme, the overall amount of COD and TOC removed through the combination of ozonation and biodegradation processes increased with increase in ozone dose for all three model compounds, and more than 90% COD removal could be achieved with an ozone dose of 3 mg ozone absorbed per mg initial TOC, as compared with approximately 40% COD removal when no ozone was applied. Treatment by the first scheme resulted in the fraction of starting COD removed through biodegradation decreasing with increase in ozone dose in all cases, while this fraction increased or remained constant during treatment using the second scheme. In the case of tannin and lignin, similar overall COD removal could be achieved at lower ozone doses using scheme II. Due to incorporation of the initial aerobic biodegradation step in scheme II, the ozone requirement for additional mineralization, ie mineralization over and above that achieved by aerobic biodegradation, was also lower than that in scheme I. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

城市污水自养脱氮系统中有机物与磷的回收

厌氧氨氧化的发现使开发低能耗城市污水处理技术成为可能,可通过生物吸附实现污水能源与资源的回收。强化除磷系统污泥龄(SRT)仅为2 d,系统抗冲击性强,污泥沉降性良好,污泥体积指数(SVI)低于50,可为自养脱氮系统提供稳定的进水,但系统污泥碳含量仅为37%。将反应器内好氧水力停留时间(HRT)降至 40 min后,实现有机物去除序批式反应器(SBR)的稳定运行,厌氧段COD去除率占总COD去除率的93.8%,这表明系统对有机物的去除主要为生物吸附作用,同时污泥碳含量提升至48%。由于异养菌对有机物的消耗利用与除磷菌的吸磷过程同时进行,若试验废水C/P比较低,可降低系统水力停留时间、提升碳的回收率并辅助少量的化学除磷手段,对系统厌氧搅拌时间、曝气时间及污泥龄进行优化,从而实现C与P的高效回收。     

流量分配比对改良A/O分段进水脱氮除磷特性的影响

采用改良A/O分段进水工艺处理我国南方低浓度、低碳氮比城市生活污水。在进水COD/TN为5.16,HRT为8.7 h,SRT为15 d,MLSS为5.66 g·L^-1,污泥回流比为75%,厌氧/缺氧/好氧体积比为4∶8∶10条件下,通过设置6种不同进水流量分配比,控制各好氧段DO为1～1.5 mg·L^-1,经过150 d的连续运行,得到系统最佳流量分配比为20%∶35%∶35%∶10%;在此工况下COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷出水水质分别为33.05 mg·L-1、0.58 mg·L^-1、9.26 mg·L^-1、0.46 mg·L^-1,出水优于国家GB 18918-2002一级A排放标准。原水COD绝大部分作为厌氧释磷和反硝化脱氮所需碳源,系统对碳源有效利用率达74%;DO和ORP 的协同控制可以作为系统厌氧放磷段的控制参数;同时亦可作为缺氧段反硝化完成和好氧段硝化完成的指示性参数。     

Anaerobic/aerobic sequential treatment of a cotton textile mill wastewater

The treatment of a wastewater taken from a cotton textile mill was investigated using an anaerobic/aerobic sequential system during an operational period of 87 days. The process units consisted of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Wastewater characterization was performed before feeding the reactor system. Glucose‐COD, and azo dyes were added to the textile wastewater for comparative purposes in the final period of operation. The pH values in the effluent of the UASB reactor were suitable for optimal anaerobic treatment in all runs. The biodegradable part of the COD in wastewater was removed effectively, with the anaerobic stage improving the biodegradability of wastewater entering the aerobic stage. The UASB reactor permitted COD and color removals of 9–51% and 46–55%, respectively, at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 h. COD removal efficiencies were between 40 and 85% and color removal efficiencies were 39–81% in normal and artificially‐colored wastewaters at a total HRT of 5.75 days in the UASB/CSTR reactor system. Benzidine produced from the cleavage of azo bond in the anaerobic stage was effectively removed in the aerobic stage, and was identified by comparison of its HPLC spectrum with that of an authentic specimen. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry