离子阱量子计算规模化的研究进展

离子阱系统是当前实现量子计算最为领先的物理系统之一,已经在数十量子比特的规模下实现了保真度达到容错量子计算阈值的量子态制备、测量、通用量子逻辑门等基本量子操作.未来离子阱量子计算的一个重要研究方向,是在保持量子比特高性能的同时,进一步扩展量子比特的数量,最终达到解决实际问题所需的规模.本文介绍当前离子阱量子计算研究中主流的规模化方案,如离子输运方案和离子-光子量子网络方案等,以及各方案中存在的限制因素,进而探讨如二维离子阵列、双重量子比特等新的规模化方案及其前景.     

相干时间超过10 min的单离子量子比特

能够长时间储存量子信息的量子存储设备是实现大规模量子计算和量子通信的基本要素.与其他量子计算平台相比,囚禁离子系统的优势之一在于具有很长的相干时间.此前,基于囚禁离子的单量子比特相干时间不到1 min.研究发现,在囚禁离子系统中,限制量子比特相干时间的主要因素是运动能级加热和环境噪声,其中后者包含环境磁场涨落和微波相位噪声.在同时囚禁171Yb+离子和138Ba+离子的混合囚禁系统中,通过实施协同冷却和动力学解耦,可以实现相干时间超过10 min的单离子量子比特.这一技术有望用于实现量子密码学和搭建混合量子计算平台.     

量子计算与量子模拟中离子阱结构研究进展

离子阱系统是实现量子计算和量子模拟的主要体系之一.世界范围内的各个离子阱研究小组共同推动着离子阱结构的丰富化发展,开发出一系列高性能的三维离子阱、二维离子芯片、以及具有集成器件的离子阱系统.离子阱的结构逐渐向小型化、高通光性和集成化方向发展,并表现出卓越的量子操控能力—对多离子的囚禁能力和精确控制能力越来越高.本综述将总结过去的十几年里离子阱在结构上的演化历程,以及离子阱在量子计算与量子模拟实验研究中的最新进展.通过分析具有代表性的离子阱结构,总结离子阱系统在加工工艺、鲁棒性和多功能性等方面取得的进步,并对基于离子阱系统的可扩展量子计算与模拟作出展望.     

反馈方法在离子阱Doppler冷却中的应用研究

离子阱中离子的快速有效冷却在量子信息处理、光频标等领域都有重要的意义.基于Steixner 等提出的量子反馈模型,将反馈方法应用于离子的Doppler冷却.首先理论分析了该模型下离子运动信息的获取方式以及反馈对离子运动的影响,并推导出了存在反馈时离子运动所满足的方程,然后进行了仿真计算. 计算结果表明,利用量子反馈可以明显的提高离子冷却速率.还分析了反馈参数对离子冷却效率的影响. 关键词： 离子阱 Doppler冷却 量子反馈     

离子阱中实现两位量子搜寻的方案

该文首先讨论在离子阱中,如何利用红、蓝失谐跃迁来构造量子计算所需的各种幺正矩阵。然后利用这些矩阵提出了一个实现两位量子搜寻的方案。     

2012年诺贝尔物理学奖:大卫·维因兰德

文章介绍了大卫·维因兰德由于找到了能够测量和操控单个量子系统的突破性实验方法,特别是由于他在离子阱方面的贡献,而与塞尔日·阿罗什共同获得了2012年的诺贝尔物理学奖。大卫·维因兰德带动了离子阱技术的发展,在量子计算方面为量子物理开辟了一片新天地。他还通过实验研究使原子钟达到了前所未有的精度。文章简述了大卫·维因兰德研究离子阱的历史,介绍了他在以离子阱技术为基础的量子计算方面和离子原子钟的发展方面所取得的科研成果。     

量子计算的物理实现

与经典计算相比，量子计算对信息的处理和计算有很大的优越性．在量子计算研究中，其物理实现方法的研究是一个重要部分．文章首先介绍了DiVincenzo关于量子计算的物理实现技术的7个判据，然后简要介绍了目前实现量子计算的10种物理实现方法，包括离子阱、中性原子、光学、超导约瑟夫森结、腔量子电动力学、液体核磁共振、Kane的硅基半导体方案、富勒球、量子点和液氦表面电子，基本上涵盖了目前的量子计算物理实现的进展情况．     

囚禁离子非线性Jaynes-Cummings模型量子场熵演化特性

利用VonNeuuman量子约化熵理论研究了驻波激光场与囚禁在谐振势中的离子单量子共振相互作用系统中量子场熵的时间演化特性,通过数值计算详细讨论了Lamb-Dick参数、离子质心在驻波激光场中的位置以及囚禁离子初始状态对量子场熵演化特性的影响.结果表明:Lamb-Dick参数影响囚禁离子与驻波激光场之间量子纠缠的频率和幅度,其值越大离子与光场之间的平均纠缠程度越低;随着离子质心从驻波激光场的波节向波腹移动,二者之间量子纠缠的振荡频率逐渐变慢,纠缠强度逐渐减弱;随着囚禁离子处于激发态概率的减小,离子与光场之间的量子纠缠呈现先增强后减弱的变化趋势.这些特性对于纠缠态的制备以及利用囚禁离子进行量子通讯等信息处理过程有一定的参考价值.     

金等离子体中Au48+—Au52+平衡分布的统计热力学研究

基于全相对论多组态Dirac-Fock理论，采用“多功能相对论原子结构程序(GRASP2)”，考虑量子电动力学(QED)效应和Breit修正，涉及实验谱中Au等离子体M带的几类重要跃迁，计算了Au48+—Au52+离子的能级结构和能级简并度.用统计热力学方法计算 各离子的配分函数，由配分函数计算等离子体内这五种离子的电离与复合平衡常数，根据同 时反应的平衡理论研究电离与复合达到平衡时等离子体内各离子的相对分布. 关键词： 金等离子体 配分函数 平衡常数 离子丰度     

高离化类铜离子4s—4p跃迁的理论计算与量子电动力学效应

采用相对论多组态从头计算方法，系统计算了高离化类铜离子等电子序列Ｉｎ２０－Ｕ６３＋（Ｚ＝４９～９２）４ｓ－４ｐ跃迁波长和能级间隔，计算结果与文献的实验值和计算值作了比较。结果表明，在高离化类铜离子体系中存在更显著的量子电子动力学效应。     

Ion trapping for quantum information processing

In this paper we have reviewed the recent progresses on the ion trapping for quantum information processing and quantum computation. We have first discussed the basic principle of quantum information theory and then focused on ion trapping for quantum information processing. Many variations, especially the techniques of ion chips, have been investigated since the original ion trap quantum computation scheme was proposed. Full two-dimensional control of multiple ions on an ion chip is promising for the realization of scalable ion trap quantum computation and the implementation of quantum networks.      

Quantum Discrete Fourier Transform in an Ion Trap System

We propose two schemes for the implementation of quantum discrete Fourier transform in the ion trap system. In each scheme we design a tunable two-qubit phase gate as the main ingredient. The experimental implementation of the schemes would be an important step toward complex quantum computation in the ion trap system.     

Planar ion chip design for scalable quantum information processing

We investigate a planar ion chip design with a two-dimensional array of linear ion traps for scalable quantum information processing. Qubits are formed from the internal electronic states of trapped ^40Ca^＋ ions. The segmented electrodes reside in a single plane on a substrate and a grounded metal plate separately, a combination of appropriate rf and DC potentials is applied to them for stable ion confinement. Every two adjacent electrodes can generate a linear ion trap in and between the electrodes above the chip at a distance dependent on the geometrical scale and other considerations. The potential distributions are calculated by using a static electric field qualitatively. This architecture provides a conceptually simple avenue to achieving the microfabrication and large-scale quantum computation based on the arrays of trapped ions.     

Determining spatial structures of ion crystals by simulated annealing method

Calculating the spatial structures of ion crystals is important in ion-trapped quantum computation. Here we demonstrate that the simulated annealing method is a powerful tool to evaluate the structures of ion crystals. By calculating equilibrium positions of 10 ions under harmonic potential and those of 120 ions under anharmonic potential, both with the standard procedure and simulated annealing method, we find that the standard procedure to evaluate spatial structures is complicated and may be inefficient in some cases, and that the simulated annealing method is more favorable.     

两个囚禁离子的激光致冷

介绍在离子阱中通过激光致冷来获得两个超冷离子的机理和相关实验工作,探讨了这方面工作的意义和复杂性,尤其是与量子计算的关系,并比较了与单离子激光致冷的不同之处。     

Grover search algorithm in an ion trap systen

Two schemes for the implementation of the two-qubit Grover search algorithm in the ion trap system are proposed. These schemes might be experimentally realizable with presently available techniques. The experimental implementation of the schemes would be an important step toward more complex quantum computation in the ion trap system.     

Quantum computation and error correction based on continuous variable cluster states

Measurement-based quantum computation with continuous variables, which realizes computation by performing measurement and feedforward of measurement results on a large scale Gaussian cluster state, provides a feasible way to implement quantum computation. Quantum error correction is an essential procedure to protect quantum information in quantum computation and quantum communication. In this review, we briefly introduce the progress of measurement-based quantum computation and quantum error correction with continuous variables based on Gaussian cluster states. We also discuss the challenges in the fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation with continuous variables.     

Universal quantum computation with qudits

Quantum circuit model has been widely explored for various quantum applications such as Shors algorithm and Grovers searching algorithm. Most of previous algorithms are based on the qubit systems. Herein a proposal for a universal circuit is given based on the qudit system, which is larger and can store more information. In order to prove its universality for quantum applications, an explicit set of one-qudit and two-qudit gates is provided for the universal qudit computation. The one-qudit gates are general rotation for each two-dimensional subspace while the two-qudit gates are their controlled extensions. In comparison to previous quantum qudit logical gates, each primitive qudit gate is only dependent on two free parameters and may be easily implemented. In experimental implementation, multilevel ions with the linear ion trap model are used to build the qudit systems and use the coupling of neighbored levels for qudit gates. The controlled qudit gates may be realized with the interactions of internal and external coordinates of the ion.     

Blind Quantum Signature with Blind Quantum Computation

Blind quantum computation allows a client without quantum abilities to interact with a quantum server to perform a unconditional secure computing protocol, while protecting client’s privacy. Motivated by confidentiality of blind quantum computation, a blind quantum signature scheme is designed with laconic structure. Different from the traditional signature schemes, the signing and verifying operations are performed through measurement-based quantum computation. Inputs of blind quantum computation are securely controlled with multi-qubit entangled states. The unique signature of the transmitted message is generated by the signer without leaking information in imperfect channels. Whereas, the receiver can verify the validity of the signature using the quantum matching algorithm. The security is guaranteed by entanglement of quantum system for blind quantum computation. It provides a potential practical application for e-commerce in the cloud computing and first-generation quantum computation.