辊道窑生产瓷质砖烧成过程的计算机仿真

应用传热学理论和VB语言建立了仿真软件,对瓷质砖烧成过程的内部温度场进行了计算机仿真,研究了不同烧成曲线、保温时间及改变瓷质砖的物性参数等因素对瓷质砖内部温差的影响。     

Porcelain tile microstructure: implications for polishability

The present study examines the influence of porcelain tile microstructure on tile polishability and polishing efficiency. A range of different fired porcelain tile microstructures was obtained by varying the quartz particle size and content in the starting composition, and the peak firing temperature.The polishability of these porcelain tile specimens was evaluated with a tribometer designed to simulate the industrial polishing operation, using cement-matrix silicon carbide abrasive tools. The wear rates of both the tile samples and the abrasive tools were measured. A new parameter, termed ‘polishing efficiency’, was defined as the ratio of tile specific wear rate to pin specific wear rate.Quartz particle size and content in the starting composition, as well as peak firing temperature, strongly affected the fired tile microstructure, and hence the polishability. When the firing temperature lies below the optimum value (at which porosity is minimised) the polishing efficiency increases, while the polished surface quality decreases (i.e. porosity rises). Quartz particle size and content should be minimised in the starting composition to achieve maximum polished surface quality and polishing efficiency.     

Obtainment of porcelain floor tiles added with petroleum oily sludge

This study focuses on the processing of vitrified floor tiles incorporated with a petroleum oily sludge. Floor tile formulations containing up to 5 wt% of the petroleum oily sludge in replacement of kaolin were prepared. The tile formulations were granulated by the dry process, pressed, and fired at temperatures between 1200 and 1250 °C using a fast-firing cycle. The specimens were characterized before and after firing. XRD was used to identify the crystalline phases present during sintering and SEM was used to show how the structure changes during densification. Three parameters were used to describe densification: linear shrinkage, water absorption, and flexural strength. The results showed that the petroleum oily sludge could be used as an alternative raw material in the floor tile formulations. The densification behavior of the floor tile pieces is influenced by the petroleum oily sludge addition and firing temperature. The vitrified floor tiles produced reached the technical characteristics of porcelain floor tiles, depending on petroleum oily sludge content and firing temperature.     

粉煤灰釉面砖的试验研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料，以其它硅酸盐原料做辅助料，试制出性能优良的陶瓷釉面砖。本文主要讨论了粉煤灰掺加量、烧成温度和气氛等工艺因素对釉面砖性能的影响，并确定了最佳掺灰量和生产工艺。     

Development of a multipurpose tile body: Phase and microstructural development

In this study, an attempt was made in order to develop a multipurpose tile body using a single formulation. In order to achieve this, several body recipes were prepared using mainly local raw materials with clearly defined physical and chemical properties at different sieve residues and single fast fired under industrial conditions in the first part of the study. In the second part, the most suitable formulations with the corresponding sieve residues were determined and further fired at different peak temperatures under laboratory conditions in order to establish their vitrification ranges and optimum firing temperatures. The tested peak firing temperatures were varied at 20 °C intervals from 1120 to 1200 °C for multipurpose wall tile body and from 1140 to 1220 °C for multipurpose floor tile body. The physical and thermal properties of the fired bodies such as water absorption, linear firing shrinkage, bulk density and linear thermal expansion coefficient were measured. The vitrification behaviour of the multipurpose bodies was also evaluated using a double-beam optical non-contact dilatometer. Furthermore, the fired bodies were subjected to colour measurements. Particular consideration was given to the phase and microstructural evolution of the developed tile bodies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyse the phases formed before and after firing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was further employed in order to observe the microstructural and microchemical characteristics of the fired bodies with respect to peak firing temperature. The preliminary experimental results showed that it was possible to obtain a multipurpose body with the properties in accordance with ISO-EN 10545.     

Porcelain tile microstructure: Implications for polished tile properties

The present study was undertaken to determine the influence of sintered porcelain tile microstructure on mechanical properties (fracture strength, modulus of elasticity and fracture toughness) and surface properties (gloss and stain resistance). To obtain sintered specimens with different microstructures the peak firing temperature was varied for bodies made with industrial spray-dried powder, and sets of test compositions were also made in which quartz content and quartz particle size were varied.Liquid-phase sintering is the typical densification mechanism involved in the achievement of minimum porosity, which is characterised by isolated round pores. Bloating occurred above the firing temperature for minimum porosity. Increases in quartz content and quartz particle size in the starting composition led to reduced body sinterability, and thus gave rise to higher porosity in the fired tile.Mechanical properties were adversely affected by an increase in fired tile porosity. For the same variation in porosity, mechanical properties were more sensitive to the change in quartz content than to changes in particle size. No toughening effect was observed with a rise in quartz content or a decrease in particle size: mechanical properties depended primarily on sintered specimen porosity.Gloss and stain resistance (which characterise polished surface quality) varied with surface porosity, both showing the highest values for lowest porosity. The relationship between porosity and gloss was close to linear.     

粉煤灰釉面砖试验研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料，以其他硅酸盐原料为辅助原料，试制出性能优良的陶瓷釉面砖。笔者主要讨论了粉煤灰掺入量、烧成温度和气氛等工艺因素对釉面砖性能的影响，并确定了粉煤灰最佳掺入量和生产工艺。     

利用珍珠岩工业尾矿低温快烧制备轻质陶瓷砖的研究

本文以珍珠岩工业尾矿为主要原料,加入适量炼铝赤泥、发泡剂和减水剂,采用低温快烧工艺可制备既有装饰效果,又有隔热保温功能的轻质陶瓷砖产品。实验结果表明:珍珠岩尾矿适合用于低温快速烧成的主体材料;赤泥中CaO、Na2O、Fe2O3含量较高,可以显著降低烧成温度。     

Floor tile glass-ceramic glaze for improvement of glaze surface properties

Simultaneous improvement of surface hardness and glossiness of floor tile glaze, without changing its firing temperature, was the main purpose of the present paper. Thus, various glazes in the system of CaO–MgO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ were prepared and their crystallization behaviors within a fast firing cycle were investigated. With increasing amounts of calcium and magnesium oxides to base glass, the optimum glass-ceramic glaze was obtained. The results showed that with increasing of CaO and MgO part weights in frit, the crystallization peak temperature was gradually decreased and the intensities of diopside and zirconium silicate were increased. The comparison of micro hardness for the optimum glass ceramic glaze derived in this work with a traditional one used in floor tile industries indicates an improvement of 21%. It was found that the glaze hardness not only depend on the amount and type of crystalline phases, but also on the residual glass composition. Furthermore, it was observed that the glaze micro hardness is only slightly affected by thermal expansion mismatch of body and glaze.     

细晶岩在炻质墙地砖中的应用研究

利用陕西汉中细晶岩石天然的成瓷性能，在低温快烧工艺条件下，加入量高达70%时，可研制出符合国际的炻质墙地砖产品。