锚杆锚固系统砂浆饱满度检测技术研究

从锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术发展现状出发,阐述了现有检测中的不足,指出了锚固系统砂浆饱满度检测的重要性,并创新性地将Hilbert变换与Wigner-Ville分布信号处理方法相结合引入锚杆锚固质量无损检测中.通过在锚杆模型中的应用,发现该方法在确定锚杆锚固系统砂浆缺陷位置及大小有很好的效果.     

锚杆无损检测技术及其在工程中的应用

为了明确实测波形跟锚固质量、检测方式之间的关系,基于应力波反射法检测的原理、方法以及应力波的传播理论,针对不同检测要素,分别进行了锚杆模型试验、锚杆检测工作模式试验、锚杆固结前后试验,并结合工程实例,分析探讨了无损检测技术在锚杆锚固质量评价中的应用.     

锚杆锚固质量声波检测技术的现状分析

锚杆锚固技术作为各类地下工程及边坡护理的主要手段,已在交通和水电站建设等工程施工中得到广泛应用,其锚固质量和运行状况的无损检测已被提到议事日程.声波检测技术是目前主要的锚杆锚固质量无损检测手段,本文通过对我国锚杆锚固质量声波检测技术的历史回顾和现状分析,指出其理论研究工作的严重欠缺是当前存在的主要问题.文中还强调了模型实验研究的重要性,并指出理论研究应与模型实验紧密结合,二者不能偏颇.     

锚杆无损检测技术在水电站工程中的应用与探索

锚杆锚固质量无损检测法——超声波反射法,或称音频应力波反射法,包括锚杆长度检测和灌浆密实度检测两方面,其理论依据是一维波动理论。本文选取了具有典型代表的工程锚杆和试验锚杆进行了检测、分析和对比,结果表明无损检测是一种十分有效的检测技术,能成功有效地对锚杆锚固质量进行检测和分级,确保了工程质量。     

锚杆(索)锚固质量无损检测技术的研究现状与展望

针对锚杆(索)锚固质量的检测问题,列举和对比了无损检测的各种方法。在分析应力波无损检测影响因素和各种检测技术优缺点的基础上,阐述了无损检测的数据处理方法,总结了无损检测技术及其应用现状。综合考虑各种无损检测方法优缺点后对无损检测技术进行了展望。     

电磁法检测锚固质量初探

近年来,锚杆、锚固质量的无损检测技术得到了较快的发展,目前的研究主要集中在应力波反射法上,但该方法还需要进一步的研究,以解决应力波反射信号变弱甚至消失后的问题。本文讨论了一种新的锚固质量无损检测方法——“电磁法”。在最简化物理模型基础上推导出对锚杆加载交变电流时地面磁感应强度分布规律的公式,据此正演计算并作出了几组磁感应强度归一化曲线,提出磁感应强度曲线计算机拟合反演方法可望检测出空锚段比例和空锚段的位置,成为锚固质量检测的一种新的技术方法。     

锚杆无损检测技术及其在工程中的应用

为了明确实测波形跟锚固质量、检测方式之间的关系，基于应力波反射法检测的原理、方法以及应力波的传播理论，针对不同检测要素，分别进行了锚杆模型试验、锚杆检测工作模式试验、锚杆固结前后试验，并结合工程实例，分析探讨了无损检测技术在锚杆锚固质量评价中的应用．     

基于声频应力波法的隧道锚杆无损检测应用研究

锚杆的锚固质量关系到锚固结构的安全性,对其进行安全可靠的检测至关重要,根据无损检测理论,通过对应力波在一维杆结构体系传播的规律分析,由施工工艺缺陷在无损检测中的波形来判断锚杆的长度以及密实度情况。对某隧道工程10根?25的中空注浆锚杆的无损检测,检测结果与实际情况没有太大差异。分析表明基于声频应力波法的锚杆无损检测是可行的,声频应力波法能快速、准确地检测出锚杆质量。     

锚杆锚固质量无损检测理论研究与应用

基于锚固体系的锚杆动力学及应力波运动学理论,研究了锚固体系的振动特征和锚固体系中瞬态应力波传播的能量衰减规律,进而提出瞬态应力波法是检测锚杆锚固质量的一种快速、便捷、可靠的无损检测方法。它是通过锚杆锚固质量检测仪接收瞬态应力波反射信号,通过数据信号分析,从而获得表征锚杆锚固质量的一系列参数,即锚固长度、波速及密实度。文章论述瞬态应力波法的基本原理及传播特征,并结合工程实例总结检测规律。     

百色水利枢纽工程地下厂房锚杆无损检测分析

锚杆锚固质量及受力状态的检测目前大多停留在利用液压千斤顶进行破坏性拉拔试验的阶段,文中采用无损检测的方法对百色水利枢纽工程地下厂房主变岩锚杆锚目质量进行检测,应用小波分析对实测信号进行分解及重构,通过对重构前后的波形进行分析比较,研究表明采用文中所述方法对波形进行处理比原始波形能更有效地反映锚杆锚固状况,评价锚固质量.     

锚杆周围的地下电流密度分布及其在地面上产生的磁场

锚杆广泛应用于地质工程中,例如斜坡控制。工程中经常会出现空锚、断锚等锚固质量问题,所以必须对锚杆进行无损检测。近些年来,锚杆的锚固质量检测技术得到了快速发展。电磁法检测已得到广泛关注,其理论基础必须深入研究。本文就地下锚杆建立了物理模型,通过计算得到了锚杆周围的地下电流密度分布解析式,并计算出了地下电流在地面上产生的磁场,得出了地面上磁场仅由锚杆电流决定的结论。这一结果可以作为对电磁法检测锚杆进行深入研究的理论基础。     

不同围岩级别和锚固介质下锚杆动测波形特征分析

基于应力波反射法,通过不同围岩级别和锚固介质中锚杆的瞬态动力响应实验研究,对锚杆的加速度响应曲线的波形特征进行分析.结果表明,随着龄期的增长,固端反射信号非常强烈,而底端反射信号越来越微弱,甚至很难识别;围岩和锚杆介质均匀密实的锚杆其信号相对平缓一些.     

MMM testing and failure analysis of fastening bolts on reciprocating compressor cylinder cover

To avoid the serious accidents caused by the failure fastening bolts on reciprocating compressor cylinder cover,a new nondestructive testing(NDT) technology,metal magnetic memory(MMM) testing,was applied to safety evaluating and failure analyzing for the fastening bolts.Based on the dynamic stress calculation of the failure bolts,MMM testing was carried out at workshop.Given are the MMM stress distribution characteristics of the failure bolts and fracture faces.It has been found that the MMM signal variation amplitude of the crack transition zone in the fracture surface is minimal,that of the crack initiation zone is in the middle,and that of the tear fracture zone is maximal.The failure reasons were analyzed with MMM effect.The results of the metallographic examination showed that the validity and feasibility of MMM testing and failure analysis.This means MMM technology is a new,fast and validity method of failure analysis.     

基于现场抗拔试验的锚索动态反馈设计法

为建立一种比常用均匀设计法和基于积分原理的非均匀设计法更易获得可靠设计参数的新锚索设计方法,基于锚索的荷载传递原理和锚固段注浆体与围岩接触面的本构模型,推导了比较符合工程实际的锚索P-S理论曲线关系,并在此基础上提出了锚索的动态反馈设计法,给出了详实的实施路径和算法示例.该法的设计参数,如锚固段接触刚度、接触面弹性剪切位移等,通过在施工中不断进行、且能综合反映复杂工程条件的现场抗拔试验所获P-S曲线求得,并能进行基于允许塑性变形的定量设计.算例结果表明,传统均匀设计法获得的设计结果往往比较保守,而该法所获设计参数和设计结果更为合理,值得在更多工程实践中检验甚至推广应用.     

A robust approach to identify roof bolts in 3D point cloud data captured from a mobile laser scanner

Roof bolts such as rock bolts and cable bolts provide structural support in underground mines. Frequent assessment of these support structures is critical to maintain roof stability and minimise safety risks in underground environments. This study proposes a robust workflow to classify roof bolts in 3 D point cloud data and to generate maps of roof bolt density and spacing. The workflow was evaluated for identifying roof bolts in an underground coal mine with suboptimal lighting and global navigation satellite system(GNSS) signals not available. The approach is based on supervised classification using the multi-scale Canupo classifier coupled with a random sample consensus(RANSAC) shape detection algorithm to provide robust roof bolt identification. The issue of sparseness in point cloud data has been addressed through upsampling by using a moving least squares method. The accuracy of roof bolt identification was measured by correct identification of roof bolts(true positives), unidentified roof bolts(false negatives), and falsely identified roof bolts(false positives) using correctness, completeness, and quality metrics. The proposed workflow achieved correct identification of 89.27% of the roof bolts present in the test area. However, considering the false positives and false negatives, the overall quality metric was reduced to 78.54%.     

Dynamic mechanical characteristics and application of constant resistance energy-absorbing supporting material

In deep underground engineering, rock burst and other dynamic disasters are prone to occur due to stress concentration and energy accumulation in surrounding rock. The control of dynamic disasters requires bolts and cables with high strength, high elongation, and high energy-absorbing capacity. Therefore, a constant resistance energy-absorbing (CREA) material is developed. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of the new material are obtained via the drop hammer tests and the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests of the new material and two common bolt (CB) materials widely used in the field. The test results of drop hammer test and SHPB test show that the percentage elongation of CREA material is more than 2.64 and 3.22 times those of the CB material, and the total impact energy acting on CREA material is more than 18.50 and 21.84 times, respectively, indicating that the new material has high elongation and high energy-absorbing capacity. Subsequently, the CREA bolts and cables using the new material are developed, which are applied in roadways with high stress and strong dynamic disturbance. The field monitoring results show that CREA bolts and cables can effectively control the surrounding rock deformation and ensure engineering safety.     

风化岩体中压力型锚索锚固长度设计方法

针对压力型锚索设计的理论方法是建立在均质岩体的这一假设,考虑到实际工程中风化岩体是非均质且连续的这一特性,结合横观各向同性体在点荷载作用时的应力特征,推导了压力型锚索在风化岩体内的剪应力表达式,并在此基础上建立了压力型锚索锚固长度的设计方法,使修正后的设计方法更加符合实际工程。通过数学回归方法获得了实际工程的物理参数,采用修正后的设计方法进行了算例分析,结果表明修正后的设计方法非常符合实际工程情况。     

岩石声发射测量地应力信号处理技术研究

针对目前岩石声发射信号处理存在的问题,在对岩石声发射技术和信号处理技术归纳的基础上,对比了目前各种信号处理的方法,指出了小波分析理论满足岩石声发射信号处理的要求;接着,利用频谱分析等找出岩石声发射信号的频率范围;进而,通过分析研究得到合适的小波基、阂值形式;最后,对信号进行分解、去噪、重构和压缩．经理论分析和实例结果说明,借助Matlab软件,应用小波分析和小波包分析理论,可有效进行岩石声发射信号分析和处理．     

Loading characteristics of mechanical rib bolts determined through testing and numerical modeling

Underground coal mines use mechanical bolts in addition to other types of bolts to control the rib deformation and to stabilize the yielded coal ribs. Limited research has been conducted to understand the performance of the mechanical bolts in coal ribs. Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) conducted this work to understand the loading characteristics of mechanical bolts(stiffness and capacity) installed in coal ribs at five underground coal mines. Standard pull-out tests were performed in this study to define the loading characteristics of mechanical rib bolts. Different installation torques were applied to the tested bolts based on the strength of the coal seam. A typical tri-linear load-deformation response for mechanical bolts was obtained from these tests. It was found that the anchorage capacity depended mainly on the coal strength. Guidelines for modeling mechanical bolts have been developed using the tri-linear load-deformation response. The outcome of this research provides essential data for rib support design.